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Power is a concept defined in multiple ways, that has
traditionally been regarded negatively as a coercive or
manipulative force. Some leaders choose to use a destructive,
intimidating style of power, which is ineffective. Power has a
facilitative capacity, and when used correctly illuminates and
develops the strengths of oneself and others. Hagberg’s
definition of power (2003) focuses on leaders using both their
inclination for action as well as their reflective ability in
providing effective leadership. Personal power increases as one
gains wisdom and the appreciation that leadership never
involves self-interest. Having a title does not make one a leader.
See Table 2.2 for definitions of Hagberg’s six stages of personal
power.
Stages of Personal Power
During the first stage of personal power, leaders are powerless.
While in this phase, a nurse cannot lead. Here, egocentric
actions are manipulative, and effort is invested in forcing others
to conform. A minimal amount of self-awareness limits this
leader’s growth and there is no capacity to help others develop.
Increasing personal power can be facilitated through a focus on
self-awareness, leadership education, confronting one’s fears,
and by gaining support to increase one’s personal power.
At the second stage of personal power, nurse leaders form
relationships with mentors. They are gaining self-esteem and
know reaching out to build skills is not a sign of weakness, but
an indication of strength. The leader embraces constructive
feedback for growth. The nurse with strong clinical skills often
needs more expertise to be an effective leader and through
learning develops leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
The third stage of personal power is achieved by many nurses
when they accept formal leadership positions. This leader may
have completed a DNP, gained confidence to manage others, is
often an expert clinician, and has the ambitious to advance in
her or his career. Leaders at this stage will grow through
experience, as it is often through the most difficult encounters
that leaders gain wisdom. Leaders in stage three tend to look for
others to blame if something goes wrong. To move forward, the
nurse leader must reflect honestly and identify areas for
personal growth. This journey of inward reflection and growth
can take a long time, especially if the nurse leader is not
encouraged to progress.
The fourth stage of personal power is the first in which leaders
develop wisdom and focus more on one’s team than on
themselves. The leader has probably spent years in formal
leadership positions and learned through successes and failures.
These leaders understand their own leadership style and often
become mentors to others. The fourth-stage leader generously
uses empowerment as his or her focus is on 29developing
others’ skills. Fourth-stage leaders focus on the mission of an
organization. To become a great leader takes many years of hard
work and movement away from a focus on self.
Leaders who reach stages five and six of personal power seldom
occupy leadership positions in organizations. We know these
leaders because their bravery and generous work are archived
iby history:Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Nelson
Mandela, Mother Teresa, Jesus, Gandhi, Muhammad, Confucius,
and Buddha are examples. Powerful nurse leaders include
Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Hildegard Peplau, Martha
Rogers, and Jean Watson"
image1.png

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Power is a concept defined in multiple ways, that has traditiona.docx

  • 1. Power is a concept defined in multiple ways, that has traditionally been regarded negatively as a coercive or manipulative force. Some leaders choose to use a destructive, intimidating style of power, which is ineffective. Power has a facilitative capacity, and when used correctly illuminates and develops the strengths of oneself and others. Hagberg’s definition of power (2003) focuses on leaders using both their inclination for action as well as their reflective ability in providing effective leadership. Personal power increases as one gains wisdom and the appreciation that leadership never involves self-interest. Having a title does not make one a leader. See Table 2.2 for definitions of Hagberg’s six stages of personal power. Stages of Personal Power During the first stage of personal power, leaders are powerless. While in this phase, a nurse cannot lead. Here, egocentric actions are manipulative, and effort is invested in forcing others to conform. A minimal amount of self-awareness limits this leader’s growth and there is no capacity to help others develop. Increasing personal power can be facilitated through a focus on self-awareness, leadership education, confronting one’s fears, and by gaining support to increase one’s personal power. At the second stage of personal power, nurse leaders form relationships with mentors. They are gaining self-esteem and know reaching out to build skills is not a sign of weakness, but an indication of strength. The leader embraces constructive feedback for growth. The nurse with strong clinical skills often needs more expertise to be an effective leader and through learning develops leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The third stage of personal power is achieved by many nurses when they accept formal leadership positions. This leader may have completed a DNP, gained confidence to manage others, is often an expert clinician, and has the ambitious to advance in
  • 2. her or his career. Leaders at this stage will grow through experience, as it is often through the most difficult encounters that leaders gain wisdom. Leaders in stage three tend to look for others to blame if something goes wrong. To move forward, the nurse leader must reflect honestly and identify areas for personal growth. This journey of inward reflection and growth can take a long time, especially if the nurse leader is not encouraged to progress. The fourth stage of personal power is the first in which leaders develop wisdom and focus more on one’s team than on themselves. The leader has probably spent years in formal leadership positions and learned through successes and failures. These leaders understand their own leadership style and often become mentors to others. The fourth-stage leader generously uses empowerment as his or her focus is on 29developing others’ skills. Fourth-stage leaders focus on the mission of an organization. To become a great leader takes many years of hard work and movement away from a focus on self. Leaders who reach stages five and six of personal power seldom occupy leadership positions in organizations. We know these leaders because their bravery and generous work are archived iby history:Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Jesus, Gandhi, Muhammad, Confucius, and Buddha are examples. Powerful nurse leaders include Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Hildegard Peplau, Martha Rogers, and Jean Watson" image1.png