Leather finishing

1. Leather finishing (lt -701)
1.Fag end of the 19th
century, which country was the sole
supplier of synthetic dyes:-
i) UK, ii) USA iii) Germany iv) USSR.
2. Which one of the followings finishes of leather is
considered under major quantity of finishing materials used:-
i) CAB finish; ii) Roller coat finish; iii) Crackle finish; iv) Foam
finish.
3. Which one of the followings finishes of leather is
considered under finishing effects:-
i) Polyurethane finish; ii) Embossed finish; iii) Aniline finish;
iv) Radiation-cure finish.
4. Which one of the followings finishes of leather is
considered under finishing techniques:-
i) Polyurethane finish; ii) Embossed finish; iii) Aniline finish;
iv) Antique finish.
5. Which one of the followings finishes of leather can give
high scuff resistance:-
i) polyurethane finish; ii) acrylic resin finish; iii) CAB finish; iv)
casein finish.
6. Which one of the followings finishes of leather is
considered under finishing effects:-

2. i) Polyurethane finish; ii) Embossed finish; iii) Antique finish;
iv) Radiation-cure finish.
7. Which one of the followings finishes of leather is
considered under finishing technique:-
i) CAB-finish; ii) Bay-cast or Liva-cast finish; iii) Aniline finish;
iv) Rub-off or Brush-off finish.
8. Which property of the followings does not comply with
Pigment:-
i) micro fine powder; ii) insoluble in water; iii) coloured
powder; iv) chemically reactive.
9. The suitable method for measuring the size of small
particles, particularly those are lesser than 10 nanometres
is:-
i) acoustic spectroscopy; ii) electrozone sensing; iii) disc
centrifuge; iv) scanning tunneling microscopy.
10. The suitable method for measuring the size of small
particles, particularly those are lesser than 100 microns is:-
i) acoustic spectroscopy; ii) electron microscopy; iii) dynamic
light scattering; iv) scanning tunneling microscopy.
11. Pigment-A of oil absorption number ‘x’ and another
Pigment-B (having different particle size with respect to
Pigment-A) of oil absorption number ‘y’ (where x > y) are

3. mixed in a certain feasible percentage. The oil absorption
number of the mixture may be:-
i) equal to ‘x’; ii) equal to ‘y’; iii) greater than ‘x’; iv) less than
‘y’.
12.Anticorrosiveness of aluminum paints is very high as
because the shape of the pigment particle is:-
i) laminar; ii) acicular; iii) nodular; iv) unpredictable.
13. Which one of the following methods suitable for
measuring the size of small (nano-levelled) pigment particles
in dispersed condition:-
i) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); ii) quasi-elastic light
scattering (QELS); iii) atomic force microscopy (AFM); iv)
none of these.
14. Kibbling Mill is used in Pigment Processing for:-
i) crushing; ii) grinding; iii) levigation; iv) none of these.
15. Aperture of 100 Mesh B.S. (British Standard) Sieve is :-
i) 44 µ; ii) 64 µ iii) 152 µ; iv) none of these.
16. Which one of the following compounds of metal is
treated as a ‘Phosphorogens’:-
i) lead; ii) iron; iii) copper; iv) chromium.
17. Which one of these white-powdered materials is used as
‘Extender’ in surface coating technology:-

4. i) titanium dioxide; ii) silica; iii) zinc oxide; iv) white lead.
18. A person with completely normal colour vision of the
primary colours (red, green, blue) is called:-
i) monochromats; ii) anomalous trichromats; iii) trichromats;
iv) dichromats.
19. The exterior durability of Fluorescent pigment is limited
to about:-
i) 6-12 months ii) 12-18 months; iii) 18-24 months; iv) 24-30
months.
20. A person having difficulty with one of the primary colours
(red, green, blue) in vision is called:-
i) monochromats; ii) anomalous trichromats; iii) trichromats;
iv) dichromats.
21. Which one of these white-powdered materials is used as
‘Extender’ in surface coating technology:-
i) talc; ii)titanium dioxide; iii) zinc oxide; iv) white lead.
22.The shape of pigment particle of Titanium dioxide:-
i) laminar; ii) acicular; iii) nodular; iv) unpredictable.
23.The shape of pigment particle of Zinc oxide:-
i) laminar; ii) acicular; iii) nodular; iv) none of these.

5. 24. A person with completely blind to all of the primary
colours (red, green, blue) is called:-
i) monochromats; ii) anomalous trichromats; iii) trichromats;
iv) dichromats.
25. Mechanical anchorage of Asbestine paints is modarately
high as because the shape of the pigment particle is:-
i) laminar; ii) acicular; iii) nodular; iv) unpredictable.
26. Which one of these white-powdered materials is used as
‘Extender’ in surface coating technology:-
i) titanium dioxide; ii) magnesium carbonate; iii) zinc oxide;
iv) white lead.
27. Which one of the following compounds of metal is
treated as a ‘Phosphorogens’:-
i) manganese; ii) iron; iii) lead; iv) chromium.
28. A person with completely blind to one of the primary
colours (red, green, blue) is called:-
i) monochromats; ii)dichromats; iii) trichromats; iv)
anomalous trichromats.
29. ‘Mechanical adhesion’ is not possible for the binding of
film with the substrate of:-
i) glass; ii) rubber; iii) leather; iv) none of these.

6. 30.Only ‘Specific adhesion’ is possible for the binding of film
with the substrate of:-
i) glass; ii) rubber; iii) leather; iv) none of these.
31. One finish film on leather stands wet-rub fastness but
fails against dry-rub fastness test. The reason may be:-
i) low anchorage of binder; ii) low melting-point of binder; iii)
low cohesiveness of binder; iv) none of these.
32. One finish film on leather stands dry-rub fastness but fails
against wet-rub fastness test. The reason may be:-
i) low anchorage of binder; ii) low melting-point of binder; iii)
low cohesiveness of binder; iv) none of these.
33. ‘Specific adhesion’ is occurred for the binding of film with
the substrate of:-
i) porous only; ii) non-porous only; iii) porous and non-porous
both; iv) none of these.
34. ‘Mechanical adhesion’ is occurred for the binding of film
with the substrate of:-
i) porous only; ii) non-porous only; iii) porous and non-porous
both; iv) none of these.
35. Which one of the followings indicates dissociation energy
of Hydrogen bonds:-

7. i) 0.5-2 K-cal/mole; ii) 1-12 K-cal/mole; iii) 30-260 K-cal/mole;
iv) 250-4000 K-cal/mole.
36. The expression of energy (U0) due to permanent dipole-
dipole attraction forces acted between two molecules as
described by Keesom is:-
i) U0 = -2/3 (µ1.µ2 / r-6
). 1/ KT; ii) U0 = -3/2 (µ1.µ2 / r6
). 1/ KT;
iii) U0 = -2/3 (µ1.µ2 / r6
). 1/ KT; iv) U0 = -3/2 (µ1.µ2 / r-6
). 1/ KT.
37. Which intermolecular-force of the followings is
temperature independent:-
i) Keesom force for permanent dipole; ii) Induction force; iii)
Both of them; iv) None of them.
38. Which one gives you most stable colloidal system, if the
value of zeta potential of particle is equal to:-
i) -30mV; ii)+40mV; iii) 0 mV; iv) + 30mV.
39. The glass transition temperature of poly methyl acrylate
(PMA) and poly ethyl methacrylate (PEMA) are + 60
C and +
650
C respectively. Which one should be rejected as a binder
in leather finishing for Gulf countries:-
i) PMA; ii) PEMA; iii) both of them; iv) none of them.
40. Which one of the following coats carries maximum
amount of pigment according to general structure of leather
finish:-

8. i) grain Impregnation coat; ii) ground coat; iii) intermediate
coat; iv) top coat.
41. Which one gives you most stable colloidal system, if the
value of zeta potential of particle is equal to:-
i) -30mV; ii) -40mV; iii) 0 mV; iv) + 30mV.
42. The glass transition temperature of poly methyl acrylate
(PMA) and poly ethyl methacrylate (PEMA) are + 60
C and +
650
C respectively. Which one will be suitable as a binder in
leather finishing for Gulf countries:-
i) PMA; ii) PEMA; iii) both of them; iv) none of them.
43. The total attraction energy (due to the combinations of
three types of Vander Walls forces) of HCl is 5.05 K-Cal/mole.
The lion-share of the total energy is contributed by:-
i) dispersion energy; ii) permanent dipole energy; iii)
induction energy; iv) none of those.
44. At isoelectric point of a colloidal system, the value of zeta
potential is equal to
i) -30mV; ii) 0mV; iii) + 30mV; iv) none of these.
45. The total attraction energy (due to the combinations of
three types of Vander Walls forces) of H2O is 11.30 K-
Cal/mole. The lion-share of the total energy is contributed
by:-

9. i) dispersion energy; ii) permanent dipole energy; iii)
induction energy; iv) none of those.
46. Which one of the following chemicals can be replaced by
Nitrocellulose-lacquer:-
i) casein; ii) shellac; iii) mucilage; iv) egg albumin.
47. What is the purpose of using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in the
preparation of Nitro-cellulose Lacquer:-
i) catalysing; ii) plasticizing; iii) swelling; iv) condensing.
48. Which proportion of HNO3 : H2SO4 is required in the
process of Nitration of Cellulose:-
i) 40 : 60; ii) 50 : 50; iii) 60 : 40; iv) 70 : 30.
49. For successful spraying the viscosity of lacquer must be
below:-
i) 95 centipoise; ii) 90 centipoise; iii) 85 centipoise; iv) 70
centipoise.
50. Which one of the following solvents can be treated as
poor solvent for Nitrocellulose:-
i) benzyl alcohol; ii) Carbon disulfide; iii) methyl ethyl ketone;
iv) butyl acetate.
51. Which one of the following lacquers can be dissolved in
water:-

10. i) cellulose nitrate; ii) cellulose acetate; iii) both of them; iv)
none of them.
52. Which one of the followings materials is considered as a
secondary plasticizer of Shellac:-
i) spirit; ii) raw and blown castor oil; iii) alkaline water; iv)
none of these.
53. Which one of the following properties of film decreases
with the increase of plasticity:-
i) flexibility; ii) tensile strength; iii) softness; iv) elongation.
54. Some material when added imparts plasticity to a mass
primarily by exerting solvent action. This
type of plasticizing can be classified as:-
i) internal plasticization; ii) external plasticization; iii) both of
them; iv) none of them.
55. When smaller amount of vinyl acetate mixed with large
amounts of vinyl chloride and
allowed to polymerize them, results a commercially useful
soft polymer due to one short of plasticization. This type of
plasticizing can be classified as:-
i) internal plasticization by branching; ii) internal
plasticization by substitution iii) internal plasticization by co-
polymerization; iv) none of them.

11. 56. If the contact angle between water and leather surface
can be made more than 900
, leather will:-
i) attract water; ii) repel water; iii) absorb water; iv) none of
them.
57. Methyl silicon polymer is used in leather processing for
the purpose of:-
i) soaking; ii) glazing; ii) water proofing;iv) none of these.
58. Which season of the followings is the most favorable for
fungal growth on leather:-
i) summer; ii) spring; iii) winter; iv) rainy.
59. The substance, named ‘Siccatives’ is used in:-
i) physical drying process; ii) cold curing process; iii) stoving
process; iv) oxidative drying process.
60. Ethanol is considered for nitro cellulose lacquer as a:-
i) true solvent; ii) latent solvent; iii) diluents; iv) none of
these.
61.In which process of drying, secondary valence forces of
attraction predominates:-
i) physical drying process; ii) cold curing process; iii) stoving
process; iv) oxidative drying process.

12. 62. ‘moisture blush’ is the problem of solvent used in lacquer
coating. It is due to solvent’s:-
i) high rate of evaporation; ii) low rate of evaporation; iii)
moderate rate of evaporation; iv) none of these.
63. The objective of using diluent in lacquer solution is:-
i) to adjust the viscosity of solution; ii) to reduce the cost of
the solution; iii) both of these; iv) none of these.