A presentation of frameworks

1. Templates for Various
Strategy Issues
By Kristian Marø Henrichsen

2. Content
Introduction
• PEST - The conventional version
PEST • PESTE - With environment as an explicit factor
(English)
• Five forces (English)
• Fem krefter (norsk)
Porters
rammeverk • Value chain (English)
• Business situasjonsrammeverk
Victor Chengs
rammeverk
2

3. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Level 2 heading, text type: Ariel (Body), size 18, lowercase, aligned to left
Overall design used by all slides: Technic
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4. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
The conventional version
• Ecological • Home economy • Lifestyle trends • Competing technology
Social
Political
Economic
Technological
• Current legislation situation • Demographics development
• Future legislation • Home economy trends • Consumer attitudes and • Research funding
• International legislation • Overseas economies opinions • Associated/dependent
• Regulatory bodies and and trends • Media views technologies
processes • General taxation issues • Law changes affecting • Replacement
• Government policies • Taxation specific to social factors technology/solutions
• Government term and product/services • Brand, company, • Maturity of technology
change • Seasonality/weather technology image • Manufacturing maturity
• Trading policies issues • Consumer buying and capacity
• Funding, grants and • Market and trade cycles patterns • Information and
initiatives • Specific industry factors • Fashion and role communications
• Home Market • Market routes and models • Consumer buying
lobbying/pressure distribution trends • Major events and mechanisms/technology
groups • Customer/end-user influences • Technology legislation
• International pressure drivers • Buying access and • Innovation potential
groups • Interest and exchange trends • Technology access,
• Wars and conflicts rates • Ethnic/religious factors licensing, patents
• International • Advertising and publicity • Intellectual property
trade/monetary issues • Ethical issues issues
• Global communications
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5. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
With environment as an explicitly mentioned factor
• • Home economy situation • Lifestyle trends • Competing technology •
Social
Political
Environmental
Economic
Technological
Current legislation Weather issues
• Future legislation • Home economy trends • Demographics development • Climate change
• International legislation • Overseas economies and • Consumer attitudes and • Research funding • Global warming
• Regulatory bodies and trends opinions • Associated/dependent • Shift in demand and supply
processes • General taxation issues • Media views technologies patterns
• Government policies • Taxation specific to • Law changes affecting • Replacement • Green taxes and subsidies
• Government term and product/services social factors technology/solutions • New business opportunities
change • Seasonality • Brand, company, • Maturity of technology • Ecological
• Trading policies • Market and trade cycles technology image • Manufacturing maturity and • Environmental issues
• Funding, grants and • Specific industry factors • Consumer buying patterns capacity
initiatives • Market routes and • Fashion and role models • Information and
• Home Market distribution trends • Major events and communications
lobbying/pressure groups • Customer/end-user drivers influences • Consumer buying
• • Buying access and trends mechanisms/technology
International pressure • Interest and exchange
groups rates • Ethnic/religious factors • Technology legislation
• Wars and conflicts • International • Advertising and publicity • Innovation potential
trade/monetary issues • Ethical issues • Technology access,
licensing, patents
• Intellectual property issues
• Global communications
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6. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Five forces (English)
Substitutes Rivalry Suppliers
• Many close substitutes • Many similar sized firms • Few supplies
• Low switching cost (from you • High sunk cost in industry • High switching cost
product) • Low levels of capacity utilisation • Suppliers can integrate forward
• Shrinking market
• Low brand loyalty/differentiation
New Entry Buyers
• Low entry cost/initial investment
• Low learning effect on firm level Threat • Few big buyers
• Low switching cost
• No government • Buyers can integrate backward
policies/protection
• Low brand loyalty
level in
• No threat of price war
• Incumbent firms don’t control
the supplies
industry
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7. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Fem krefter (Norsk)
Substitutter Rivalisering Leverandører
• Mange nære substitutter • Mange like store selskaper • Få leverandører
• Lav kostnad for å bytte produkt • Lav merkelojalitet / diff. • Høy byttekostnad (for å bytte
• Krympende MS leverandør)
(må ta MA fra hverandre) • Leverandører kan integrere
• Kostnadsstruktur fremover
(Høy sunk cost/lav MK) • Lav profitt blant leverandører
• Lav kapasitetsutnyttelse
Nye entreer Kunder
• Lav inv.kostn. + lav merkelojalitet • Få kunder
• Lav læringskurveeffekt på • Lav kostnad for å bytte produkt
selskapsnivå
• Ingen beskyttelse fra statlig Attraktivitet • Kunder kan integrere bakover
• Lav profitt blant kundene
regulering, patenter
• Ingen trussel om priskrig
• Eksisterende selskap kontrollerer
i industrien
ikke leverandører
• Høy profitt
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8. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Value chain (English)
Supporting Activities:
Firm Infrastructure
Human Resource Management
Technology
Procurement
M
a
r
g
Inbound Outbound Sales and
Operations Service i
Logistics Logistics Marketing
n
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9. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Business situasjonsrammeverk
For nye produkter, ny entreer i et marked, strategi, ”hva er galt med selskapet og hva
gjør vi med det” - situasjoner, ser man ofte på fire nøkkelområder.
Legg merke til at P5K er integrert i rammeverket
Kunden Produktet Selskap Konkurranse
•Id. k.segm. (str, trend, % MS) •Kval. egenskaper •Id. eksp. og kapabiliteter** •Trussel rivalisering*
•Hva vil hvert k.segm. ha? •Homogen eller diff. vare? •Id. distr.kanaler •Trussel nye entreer*
•Bet.svilje per k.segm? •Id. kompl. (trend?) •Kostn.struktur? •FM leverandører*
•Distr.kanalpref. fra hvert •Id. Subst.* Høye FixCost/lav MK*
k.segm. •Prod.livssyklus(nye/gamle) •Inv.kostn.
•FM k.* •Muligheter for bundling? •Finansiell situasjon.
•Kostn. per enhet •IE (merkevare, eksp. ol.)
•Hvor mange enheter trenger man å selge for å gå break even?
•Husk på: Mest relevante elementer, eksternaliteter, spillteori, utnytte/kvitte seg med
ledig kap.?
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