introduction to internet

1. Introduction to the Internet

2. Objectives
At the end of the session you will be able to :
• Explain what the Internet is
• Explain the history of the Internet in India
• List the advantages of the Internet
• Connect to the Internet
• List the services available on the Internet
• The World Wide Web and its features
• Identify URLs or Web addresses
• Start Internet Explorer
• Browse the Internet

3. Objectives (Continued)
• Explore Web sites
• Change the home page
• Add pages to the Favorites list and revisit those
pages
• Stop downloading a Web page
• Revisit recently viewed Web pages
• Refresh a Web page
• Download files and images from the Web
• Make Web pages available offline
• Delete temporary Internet files

4. What is the Internet?
Internet:
– Is a worldwide network of computer networks
– Connects millions of computers all over the world
– Is a network where computers across different
locations communicate with each other
– Is very popular because of its flexibility, ease of use
and speed
– Speed is measured in Kbps, where Kbps stands for
Kilobits per second. It is a measure of data
transferring speed

5. Social History of the Internet in India
• In India, VSNL started providing Internet
services in India from August 1995
• Services were initially offered from Mumbai,
New Delhi, Calcutta and Chennai
• By 1998, the services were expanded to cover
a network of 42 nodes
• This network was operated by the Department
of Telecommunication (DOT) and VSNL

6. Social History of the Internet in India
(Contd..)
• Later companies, such as Sify, BSNL and
Dishnet also started providing Internet services
• From 1995 to 2002, the internet users had
increased to 5 million
• Through this period the Net connections had
risen to 1.5 million

7. Advantages of the Internet
• The Internet
– Provides information on all topics
– Can be accessed by people across the globe
– Is simultaneously all the following:
• Network
• Medium
• Market
• Transaction
• Source of Information

8. The Internet as a Network
The Internet as a Network
• Is used in the organisations as a private
network
• Is used for linking offices and employees
• Is used for transferring official data
• Is used for conducting meetings and
conferences

9. The Internet as a Medium
The Internet as a medium
• Is used as an effective means of communication
– For product marketers
– For corporate communications

10. The Internet as a Marketplace
The Internet as a market
• Is a vast virtual market
• Used in companies to promote their products by
advertising them on the Internet
• Used for ordering products
– This is called online shopping or e-shopping

11. The Internet as a Transaction Platform
The Internet as a Transaction Platform
• Is used to complete business transactions online
by connecting to
– Suppliers
– Customers
• Used to complete financial transactions online by
connecting to
– Financial institutions

12. The Internet as a Source of Information
The Internet as a Source of Information
• Is used to search for information on any topic
• Is also used to share information over the Internet
by using various Internet services, such as
– E-mail
– Chat
– Bulletin Boards

13. Connecting to the Internet
Connecting a computer to the Internet:
– Is the process of connecting a computer with
another computer that provides the Internet services

14. Connecting to the Internet (Contd..)
To connect to the Internet, you need the
following:
• Computer
– Must have at least 16 megabytes of RAM
• Browser
– Is a software program that is required to view Web
pages on the Web
• Telephone line
– Used to get connected to the Internet through a
service provider

15. Connecting to the Internet (Contd..)
• Internet Connection
– Modem and telephone line are generally used for
internet connection, but broadband connections are
gaining in popularity
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
– It is a company that provides access to the Internet
– It has computers that are always connected to the
Internet
– Computers are connected to an ISP through
telephone lines
– An ISP connects to the Internet through satellites

16. Connecting to the Internet (Contd..)
• Modem
– Stands for modulator/demodulator.
– It helps your computer to communicate with
another computer.
– Modulation is the process of converting digital
information from a computer into analog signals
that can be transmitted over the public telephone
network.
– Demodulation is the process of converting the
analog signals back to digital signals that can be
understood by the computer at the receiving end.

17. Connecting to the Internet (Contd..)

18. Types of Internet Connection
There are three different ways of connecting to
the Internet. They are:
• Dedicated Internet connection
• Dial-up Internet connection
• Broadband Internet connection

19. Dedicated Internet Connection
• It helps you to gain access to the Internet
directly
• It allows your computer to remain connected to
the Internet all the time
• You do not have to dial up, as you do with a
standard modem connection
• It requires a leased telephone line rented from a
telephone company
• It is quite expensive because it requires special
hardware

20. Dial-up Internet Connection
• You have to purchase this type of Internet
connection from an ISP
• It is for a stipulated number of hours or for a
specific duration
• On purchase the ISP provides you with a CD
that contains
– A software package, a user name, and a password

21. Dial-up Internet Connection (Contd..)
• You have to install the software on the CD to
activate the connection
• After installation, you can connect to the ISP by
dialling the ISP’s phone number
• You need a telephone line to connect to the ISP
• You have to provide your user name and
password when you dial the ISP’s number

22. Dial-up Internet Connection (Contd..)
• The user name and password check whether
you are an authorised user
• While using a dial-up connection you cannot
make or receive a phone call

23. Broadband Internet Connection
• It allows a great amount of information to pass
through a high-capacity cable
• It is a high-speed permanent connection to the
Internet
• It uses a DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) or a cable
modem to connect to the Internet

24. Broadband Internet Connection
(Contd..)
• It can send and receive vast amounts of data up
to 10 to 40 times faster than a standard dial-up
connection
• It uses a fibre-optic cable to transmit data at high
speeds

25. The World Wide Web
• It refers to the collection of information
accessible on the Internet
• It is also referred to as the Web
• It consists of millions and millions of pages of
text, pictures, sounds and animation on various
topics
• These pages are called Web pages
• They are stored on different computers that are
connected to the Internet

26. The World Wide Web (Contd..)
• The Web pages have certain words and pictures
which when clicked take you to another web
page
• These words or pictures are called hyperlinks
• A collection of related Web pages is known as a
Web site
• A Web site can be accessed by means of the
unique name assigned to it
• You need a browser to view Web pages

27. The World Wide Web (Contd..)
Differences between Internet and World Wide
Web are:

28. Web Features
Some of the services and features of the World
Wide Web are :
• E-mail
• Newsgroups
• Chat Rooms
• Search Engines
• LISTSERV

29. E-mail
• It is the most commonly used Internet service
• You can send and receive messages almost
instantly
• Several ISPs provide free e-mail accounts
• You can also attach a variety of file types to a
message

30. Newsgroups
• They are discussion groups on the Internet
• You can have discussions on a wide range of
topics
• Some groups are free and some need you to
subscribe
• You can read, write and post articles to the
newsgroups
• You can use e-mail to communicate with fellow
users

31. Chat Rooms
• Websites that you can use to chat with other
users on the Internet
• Chatting refers to the exchange of typed
messages between two or more users
• You can logon to the chat room by using Internet
Chat software
• In a chat software you can type messages in
one window and receive replies in another
window

32. Instant Messaging
• These are small programs that allow typed
conversations between two people only

33. Search Engines
• Are used to search for information on the Web
• Searches for the keywords and returns links to
relevant Web sites for you to choose from
• Helps to collect information on any topic of your
choice
• As teachers, you can use search engines to
collect information on your subject or latest
trends in education

34. Search Engines (Contd..)
• You can download images related to your
subject to explain a topic more clearly
• Several tutorials and PowerPoint presentations
are available on various subjects on the Web

35. LISTSERV
• It is a system that is used to create, manage and
control electronic mailing lists
– On the Internet
– On a corporate network
• It is a registered trademark licensed to L-Soft
International, Inc
• To subscribe to a LISTSERV, you can send an
e-mail message to a computer program called a
LISTSERVER

36. LISTSERV (Contd..)
• A variety of topics are covered by LISTSERV
systems
• It automatically sends you e-mail messages from
other subscribers
• The communication transmitted as e-mail are
available only to members of the LISTSERV
mailing list

37. Web Addresses or URLs
• Each Web site has a unique address commonly
referred to as a URL
• URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator
• A URL specifies the exact location of the Web
page on the Internet
• Certain conventions needs to be followed to
name a Web Page

38. Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..)
A typical URL would be:
http://www.microsoft.com/catalog/navigation.asp
scheme host domain dataname
path
http:// :
• Identifies the protocol necessary to retrieve the file.
• Protocol is a set of rules that enables computers to exchange information.
•There are several protocols used on the WWW.
www indicates that the Web site is on the Web
Microsoft indicates the name of the Web site
.com indicates the type (in this case commercial) of the Web site
catalog/navigation.asp specifies the path of the file stored on the Web server’s hard disk

39. Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..)
URL Suffix Represents
.co Company
.com Commercial organisation
.edu Educational institution
.mil Military site
.net Networking organisation
.gov Government department
.int International organisation
.org Non-profit organisation
.in India
.us United States
The last three letters in a URL provides information about
the type of organisation the Web site belongs to

40. Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..)
URL Suffix Represents
.uk United Kingdom
.ca Canada
.my Malaysia
.lk Sri Lanka
.au Australia

41. Introduction to Internet Explorer
The Microsoft Internet Explorer
– Is a web browser
– Is developed by Microsoft
– Is one of the components of the Microsoft Windows
XP operating system
– Is used to download and display Web pages on the
Web

42. Starting Internet Explorer
1
3
2

43. Starting Internet Explorer (Contd..)
Internet Explorer window appears

44. The Internet Explorer Interface
The Toolbar in IE provides navigation buttons that can be
used to explore the Web
The Address bar displays the address of the
Web page you are currently viewing

45. Browsing the Internet
• Browsing the Internet
– Refers to viewing and navigating Web pages
• Navigating Web pages
– Refers to moving through the Web pages stored on
the Web

46. Browsing the Internet (Contd..)
To view the Microsoft Web Site:
•Type www.microsoft.com in the Address bar
•Press the Enter key

47. Browsing the Internet (Contd..)
The first page of a Web site is called its home page
You can navigate to other pages in the Web site by using the hyperlinks
The Microsoft home page appears
When you point to a hyperlink, the pointer changes to a hand
Click Back, to go back to the previous page you viewed
Click Forward, to return to the page from where you clicked Back
Click the Close button, to close Internet Explorer

48. Exploring the Web with
Internet Explorer

49. Exploring the Web with Internet
Explorer
You are familiar with the process of:
– Starting Internet Explorer
– Browsing the Web

50. Internet Explorer Features
• The Internet Explorer Toolbar
– Provides various navigation buttons that can be used
to move thorough the web pages
• The Hyper links on a page
– Are used to move from one page of a Web site to
another page of the same Web site or to a different
Web site by just clicking it

51. The Internet Explorer Toolbar
For example, the Microsoft home page displays several hyperlinks
To view information about Office:
Click the hyperlink Office on the left
side of the Microsoft home page

52. The Internet Explorer Toolbar (Contd..)
The Web page that provides information about Office products is displayed

53. The Internet Explorer Toolbar (Contd..)
To return to the previously visited Web page
Forward
To terminate the operation currently being performed by the browser
To retrieve a Web page again
•Clicking this button updates the content of the
current Web page with the latest content
To move to the Web page you were viewing before you clicked the Back button
Back Stop
Refresh
Home
To navigate to the default home page of the browser
Buttons on the IE Toolbar and their Functions are:

54. The Internet Explorer Toolbar (Contd..)
To search the Web for information on a particular topic
Search
Favorites Media
To display the list of your favourite pages
To play music, video, and multimedia files
History
To display the list of Web sites and pages that you have already visited

55. The Internet Explorer Toolbar (Contd..)
Print
Mail
To read and send e-mail
To print the current Web page

56. Changing the Default Home Page
• If you view a Web page often and want the Web
page to appear automatically when you start
Internet Explorer:
– Set the page as your home page
The first Web page that appears whenever you start
Internet Explorer is called the default home page

57. Changing the Default Home Page
(Contd..)
Suppose you want to set your default home page to http://www.google.co.in
•Open the Web page
The home page of the Google Web site appears

58. Changing the Default Home Page
(Contd..)
2
1

59. Changing the Default Home Page
(Contd..)
The Internet Options dialog box appears
On the General tab
Under the Home
page section
Click Use Current
The Address http://www.google.co.in appears in the Address box
Click Apply
Click OK
When you open the browser window the next time, the home
page of the Google Web site will appear automatically

60. Adding a Web Site to Your Favorites
List
Advantages of adding a website to your favorites
list are:
• Stores shortcuts to your favorite Web pages
• Eliminates the need to remember the addresses
of the Web pages
• Opens the Web page easily by clicking the
shortcut

61. Adding a Web Site to Your Favorites
List (Contd..)
On the Favorites menu,
click Add to Favorites
To add a Web page to your Favorites list
•Open the page

62. Adding a Web Site to Your Favorites
List (Contd..)
The Add Favorite dialog box appears
Click the folder to which you want to add the web page
Click New Folder, if you want to add the Web page to a new folder

63. Adding a Web Site to Your Favorites
List (Contd..)
The Create New Folder dialog box appears
Enter a name for the folder in the Folder name box
Click OK

64. Adding a Web Site to Your Favorites
List (Contd..)
The folder is created
Click OK
The shortcut to the Web Page will be added to your list of favourite pages

65. Tracking Your History of Recently
Viewed Web Pages
• History feature :
– Helps to get the address of the Web page that is not
stored in the Favorites list
– Contains a list of all the Web pages visited
– Stores the links for Web sites and pages visited in
previous days and weeks

66. Tracking Your History of Recently
Viewed Web Pages (Contd..)
To revisit a Web page you visited earlier:
•Click the History button on the toolbar
Click a week or day
The list of Web sites you viewed during the day or week is displayed
Click a Web site to view the list of Web pages you visited
The History pane appears

67. Tracking Your History of Recently
Viewed Web Pages (Contd..)
Click the Web page icon to view the Web page

68. Clearing the History Folder
2
To clear the contents of the History folder:
1

69. Clearing the History Folder (Contd..)
Under History
On the General tab
The Internet Options dialog box appears
Click Clear History

70. Clearing the History Folder (Contd..)
The Internet Options message appears, asking you
to confirm that you want to clear the history folder
Click Yes, if you want to clear the contents of the History folder
Click No, if you do not want to clear the contents

71. Selecting Number of Days to Keep
Pages in History
To specify the number of days you want to store
the Web pages in the History folder
2
1

72. Selecting Number of Days to Keep
Pages in History (Contd..)
On the
General tab
Under
History
Select the
number of days
Click OK
The History folder will maintain the links and Web
pages you visit for the specified number of days

73. Opening Multiple Browser Windows
You can:
– Open more than one browser window at the same
time
– View a Web page and also view a link on the page at
the same time

74. Opening Multiple Browser Windows
(Contd..)
To open a link in a new window
Right-click on the link Click Open in
New Window
The Web page opens in a new browser window

75. Stopping a Web Page from Loading
When the Web page takes a long time to load:
• Stop the process by clicking the Stop button

76. Returning to Favourite Pages
To view a Web page added to Favorites list
On the
Favorites
menu
Click the Web page to view

77. Returning to Favourite Pages (Contd..)
The page is displayed in the right pane of the browser window

78. Refreshing a Web Page
Refresh button:
• Helps you to view updated and latest version of the Web
page
To refresh a page
• Click Refresh button on the toolbar

79. Internet Explorer File
Management

80. Internet Explorer File Management
With Internet Explorer you can:
• View Web pages
• Save
– Files
– Programs
– Sounds
– Pictures

81. Downloading Files
You can download from the Web:
• Interesting Web pages
• Downloadable games, software, files, and
images

82. Downloading Files (Contd..)
To download a program MSN Messenger
Open Internet Explorer
Type http://messenger.msn.com in the
address bar, and then press the Enter key

83. Downloading Files (Contd..)
Click the Download Now button to download the
latest version of the MSN Messenger software
MSN Messenger screen appears

84. Downloading Files (Contd..)
Click Save
File Download dialog box appears

85. Downloading Files (Contd..)
Save As dialog box appears
Specify the location
and enter file name Click Save

86. Downloading Files (Contd..)
A dialog box displaying the progress
of the downloading process appears
To close the dialog box automatically
when the download process is completed
Select the check box

87. Downloading Files (Contd..)
Click Close

88. Downloading Files (Contd..)
When the installation process is over
•MSN Messenger window appears automatically
•Use this window to sign in to MSN Messenger

89. Downloading Files (Contd..)
To save an image
Right-click the image
On the shortcut
menu ,Click
Save Picture As

90. Downloading Files (Contd..)
Save Picture dialog box appears
Enter a name
for the picture Click Save
Specify the format
The picture is saved in the specified location

91. Downloading Files (Contd..)
Picture toolbar appears
Click the Save this image
button to save the image
On some Web sites, when you point to the image

92. Deleting Temporary Files
• Temporary Internet files folder
– Stores recently visited web pages and files
• If the number of files in the temporary internet
files folder increases, then:
– The space for storing other files on the hard disk
decreases
– The speed of the browser also decreases
– Web pages will take a lot of time to download

93. Deleting Temporary Files (Contd..)
2
To delete temporary Internet files
1

94. Deleting Temporary Files (Contd..)
The Internet Options dialog box appears
On the
General tab
Click Delete Files

95. Deleting Temporary Files (Contd..)
If you want to delete the offline content too
Delete Files dialog box appears
Select check box
Click OK
All the temporary files in the temporary
Internet files folder are deleted

96. Working Offline
You can view your favourite Web page without
connecting to the internet by:
• Saving the web page on your computer
– In this method:
• The updated contents of the web page cannot be
viewed
• The web page has to be saved in a specified location
• Using the Offline feature of the Web browser
– In this method:
• The web page appears in the Favorites list of the
browser

97. Working Offline (Contd..)
2
1
To make current Web page available offline

98. Working Offline (Contd..)
Add Favorite dialog box
Select the Make
available offline
check box
Click OK

99. Working Offline (Contd..)
Synchronizing dialog box appears
The sychronisation is performed, and the
Web page is made available offline

100. Working Offline (Contd..)
To view a Web page offline
2
1

101. Working Offline (Contd..)
The Web page is now available offline
The title bar shows the status information “Working Offline”
along with the title of the Web page

102. Working Offline (Contd..)
2
To get back to the online mode
1