African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease affecting pigs. It is caused by the asfivirus, which causes high fever, loss of appetite, and hemorrhaging in pigs. The virus does not affect humans. Diagnosis involves PCR testing of blood or organs to detect the virus's genetic material. There is no treatment, so infected pigs and farms are culled to control outbreaks. Prevention relies on tightening biosecurity, tracing contact farms, and banning transport of pigs and pork.

1. A F R I C A N
S w i n e F e v e r

2. W H A T I S A F R I C A N
S W I N E F E V E R ?
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious
viral disease of pigs. In its acute form the disease
generally results in high mortality. ASF is a different
disease to swine flu. The virus does not affect
people and there is no impact on human health.

3. C A U S A T I V E A G E N T
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious
viral disease caused by asfivirus, a member of
the Asfarviridae family of viruses. The virus
affects domesticated pigs and wild boars.

4. a s f a r v i r i d a e v i r u s A f r i c a n S w i n e F e v e r

6. I N C U B A T I O N P E R I O D
The incubation period for ASF is variable but is
usually between five and fifteen days. In the acute
form pigs develop a high temperature (40.5
degrees C or 105 degrees F), then become dull and
go off their food.

7. P A T H O P H Y S I O L O G Y
ASF is characterized by a massive destruction of
the lymphoid organs and tissues, including spleen,
lymph nodes, thymus, and tonsils . There is a large
proportion of B and T lymphocytes and
macrophages undergoing cell death in acute ASFV
infection.

8. S I G N & S Y M P T O M S
High fever
Decreased appetite and
weakness
Red, blotchy skin or skin
lesions
Diarrhea and vomiting
Coughing and difficulty
breathing

9. L A B O R A T O R Y
E X A M I N A T I O N
PCR on organs or blood
PCR is used to demonstrate the genetic material
of the African swine fever virus. It is also a quick
test that is able, within a few hours, to provide a
decisive answer to whether a pig is infected with
the African swine fever virus or not.

10. T R E A T M E N T & M A N A G E M E N T
Treatment of the disease is not possible. If an
outbreak occurs, the disease will initially have to be
controlled using zoosanitary measures: Culling
animals on infected farms, followed by cleaning and
disinfection. Tracing possible contact farms, followed
by quarantine or preventive culling.

11. P R E V E N T I O N &
C O N T R O L M E A S U R E
Controlling an outbreak quickly and efficiently
Culling animals on infected farms, followed by cleaning and
disinfection.
Tracing possible contact farms, followed by quarantine or
preventive culling.
Tightening biosecurity measures.
Transport ban on pigs and pork products.

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