Epäsuorat väitelauseet

1. - Suora väitelause muuttuu epäsuorassa esityksessä that-
lauseeksi, josta itse that-sana kuitenkin jää usein pois
- Johtolauseen verbinä on tavallisimmin say tai tell
- Kun johtolause on nykyajassa, suoraan esitykseen verrattuna
muutoksia on pronomineissa sekä ajan ja paikan määreissä
Chris: ”I want to see you tomorrow.”
-> Chris says (that) he wants to see me the next day.

2. - Kun johtolause on menneessä ajassa, muuttuvat
myös aikamuodot:
•preesens -> imperfekti
Chris: ”I want to see you tomorrow.”
-> Chris said (that) he wanted to see me the next day.
•imperfekti -> pluskvamperfekti
Chris: ”I went to the cinema yesterday.”
-> Chris said he had gone to the cinema the day before.
•perfekti -> pluskvamperfekti
Chris: ”I have always wanted to become a vet.”
-> Chris told me he had always wanted to become a vet.

3. • futuuri -> 1. konditionaali
Chris: ”I will apply to university next year.”
-> Chris said he would apply to university the following year.
• apuverbit:
can -> could
Chris: ”I can help you with your homework today.”
-> Chris said he could help me with my homework that day.
must -> had to
Chris: ”I must study hard this week.”
-> Chris said he had to study hard that week.
may -> might
Chris: ”I may be late for class tomorrow.”
-> Chris said he might be late for class the next day.

4. - Pysyvän ominaisuuden aikamuoto ei kuitenkaan muutu
Chris: ”Russia is the largest country in the world.”
-> Chris said that Russia is the largest country in the
world.
- Samat aikamuotomuutokset koskevat myös
kysymyslauseita
Chris: ”Can you do me a favour?”
-> Chris asked if I could do him a favour.
Chris: ”Is Russia the largest country in the world?”
-> Chris asked if Russia is the largest country in the
world.

5. Muuta suora esitys epäsuoraksi:
1. Sarah: ”I have two things to do today.”

6. 1. Sarah: ”I have two things to do today.”

7. 2. Sally: ”Is anyone listening to me?”

8. 2. Sally: ”Is anyone listening to me?”

9. 3. Gary: ”I saw my girlfriend last night.”

10. 3. Gary: ”I saw my girlfriend last night.”

11. 4. Mark: ”I have forgotten to do my
homework.”

12. 4. Mark: ”I have forgotten to do my
homework.”

13. 5. Trey: ”I will call you tomorrow.”

14. 5. Trey: ”I will call you tomorrow.”

15. 6. Tom: ”Can I go to the party this Friday?”

16. 6. Tom: ”Can I go to the party this Friday?”

17. 7. Lisa: ”We must go home early tonight.”

18. 7. Lisa: ”We must go home early tonight.”