Cattell's approach to personality focused on defining traits as relatively permanent tendencies that determine behavior. He classified traits as common, unique, ability, temperament, dynamic, surface, source, constitutional, or environmental based on their origin and stability. Cattell developed the 16 Personality Factors test to assess personality using life data, experimental data, and questionnaire data which he analyzed using factor analysis to identify underlying personality characteristics and traits. The 16 primary factors identified were warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social-boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension.
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who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful course ACADEMIC WRITING, which also
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them for enhancing my knowledge.
4. "Personality is the dynamic organization within the
individual of those psychophysical systems that
determine his characteristics behavior and thought"
(Allport, 1961, p. 28).
According to Raymond Cattell , personality is a pattern
of traits and that helps to understand his personality
and predict his behaviour.
The goal of Cattell's personality theory was to establish
a "common taxonomy" of personality traits. He refined
previously established lists of personality traits and
narrow it to simplify the descriptions of personality
even further than his predecessors.
5. Cattell defined traits as relatively permanent reaction
tendencies that are the basic structural units of the
personality. He classified traits as:-
6. COMMON TRAIT :-traits possessed in some degree by all
persons. Example, everyone has some measure of
intelligence or extraversion.
UNIQUE TRAIT :-trait possessed by one or a few persons
which distinguish us as an individual. Example, liking for
politics or hockey.
ABILITY TRAIT :-traits that describe our skills and how
efficiently we will be able to work towards our goals.
TEMPERAMENT TRAIT :-traits that describe our general
behavior style in responding to our enviornment.
7. DYNAMIC TRAIT :-traits that describe our motivations
and emotions (driving force).
SURFACE TRAIT :-traits that show a correlation but do not
constitute a factor because they are not determined by a
single source. Behavioral elements that may be unstable
and impermanent , weakening or strengthening in respond
to difficult situation.
SOURCE TRAIT :-stable and permanent traits that are
basic factors of personality, that determine our behavior.
8. CONSTITUTIONAL TRAIT :-source traits that depend on
our physiological characteristics (have biological origin)
such as the behavior that result from drinking too much
alcohol.
ENVIRONMENTAL TRAIT :-source trait that are learned
from social and environmental interactions (have
environmental origin) such as behavior result from
influence of our friend ,work , etc.
9. His approach is scientific as it is based on
observation of behavior.
The hallmark of his approach was his treatment of
data .
Use of Factor Analysis.
10. He categorized data into three parts to achieve a large,
comprehensive method of sampling. The three data types
were:
Life Data (L-data): Information about an individual's
everyday behaviors and their behavioral patterns. This
included things such as the grades they received in school,
their marital status, social interactions, and more.
Experimental Data (T-data): Recorded reactions to
standardized experiments in a lab setting, designed to test
study participant's response to certain situations.
Questionnaire Data (Q-data): Responses to questions
about the participant's behavior and feelings. This data was
introspection based and provided a deeper look at the
person's personality that is not always clear through
behavioral data.
11. Raymond Cattell published the 16 personality factors, also
known as the Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors and 16 PF test,
in 1949.
It is an assessment tool used to establish a person’s
personality, usually in the form of a test consisting of a
questionnaire. By means of filling in the questions, various
personality characteristics are identified and subsequently,
the combination of characteristics is provided overarching
name.
