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DHS-HomemadeExplosivesGuide

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- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Indicators andand Warnings forfor Homemade ExplosivesHomemade Explosives Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 1Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 1 12/4/2007 11:23:21 AM12/4/2007 11:23:21 AM
Product is For Official Use Only — Law Enforcement Sensitive — All individuals handling the information are required to protect it from unauthorized disclosure. This information should be disseminated on a need-to-know basis. This document is a product of the Technical Support Working Group. It is not for public use, but is intended for use by military, federal, state, and local personnel of all occupational specialties. As a reference for training and operations by emergency personnel in preparing for and responding to Terrorists Incidents. Authorization for use by any others than named above must be requested via e-mail to pubs@tswg.gov and approved by the Director CTTSO/TSWG. DO NOT handle any unknown chemicals• or explosive materials Consider all unknown substances• and materials dangerous Apply this guide with previous training• and experience Contact your EOD or Bomb Squad immediately• if a possible homemade explosives production area has been identified WARNING Enter your EOD / Bomb Squad Contact Information here: Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 2Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 2 12/4/2007 11:23:36 AM12/4/2007 11:23:36 AM
X xx xx X xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx X xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx X xx xx xx xx xx xx # Table of Contents - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - INTRODUCTION Homemade Explosives Components HOMEMADE EXPLOSIVES Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Black Powder Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures EGDN HMTD Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures MEKP TATP Urea Nitrate CHEMICAL COMPONENTS Acetone Aluminum Powder Ammonium Nitrate Citric Acid Ethylene Glycol Hexamine Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Magnesium Powder Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitric Acid Nitromethane Potassium Chlorate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Permanganate Sodium Chlorate Sulfur Sulfuric Acid Urea MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT Grinders Mixers and Stirrers Ice Baths Distillers Filters Safety Equipment
# Indicators and Warnings on Homemade Explosives Technical Support Working Group Training Technology Development Subgroup First Edition, December 2007 Additional copies may be purchased from the Government Printing Office. GPO Stock Number: 008-001-00185-1 ISBN: 978-0-16-079532-9
#- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Introduction This booklet is a quick reference guide describing indicators and warnings related to homemade explosives. It is intended to aid military, federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel to visually recognize the materials, chemicals, and equipment associated with the manufacture of homemade explosives. The examples in this guide were selected based on historical incidents, intelligence on emerging threats, and the commercial availability of the components. Given the variety of substitute materials available for the manufacture of homemade explosives, this guide should not be considered all inclusive. Instead, it should be used to establish a basic understanding of typical materials, chemicals, and equipment associated with the manufacture of homemade explosives and to enable on-scene personnel to determine if they are dealing with a potentially dangerous situation.
# - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - The majority of this quick reference guide is tab-divided into three sections. Homemade Explosives describes the• key identifiers, hazards, commercial uses, chemical components, and the equipment used in the manufacture of homemade explosives. Chemical Components describes the• key identifiers, hazards, commercial uses, commercial sources, and the homemade explosive it can be used to create. Manufacturing Equipment• summarizes the laboratory and improvised equipment that can be utilized during the manufacturing process. The Technical Support Working Group, Training Technology Development Subgroup, sponsored the development of this guide on Indicators and Warnings for Homemade Explosives with support from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
# Homemade Explosives - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - In General… Exercise Caution: If you think you have found a• homemade explosive, DO NOT HANDLE, contact an expert immediately. All explo• sives are sensitive to heat, shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge; sensitivity will vary based on the type of explosive. Ho• memade explosives, also known as improvised explosives, can be made from commonly available commercial chemicals with relatively minimal effort. Many of the chemical components can be• purchased from a chemical supply store in pure form. Homemade explos• ives can be made by physically mixing ingredients or by chemically reacting ingredients. For some homemade explosives, when the• ingredients chemically react, small crystalline solids form. These solids that settle to the bottom of the container are homemade explosives. Some s• ensitive homemade explosives may be manufactured in a cold and/or frigid water bath to prevent explosion. Some ho• memade explosives may be kept in a refrigerator or freezer. Color is• not a sole indicator to identify type or strength of explosive.
# - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Components EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE One from “LIST A” mixed with one from “LIST B” could make an explosive Alcohols Cellulose Coal Energetic Fuels Flake / Powder Metals Natural Gases Fuel Oils Petroleum Solvents Sugars Ethanol, Methanol, Isopropanol, etc. Sawdust, Cotton, etc. Charcoal Nitromethane, Nitrobenzene, etc. Aluminum, Magnesium, Iron Methane, Propane, Butane Vehicle Fuel Kerosene, Diesel, etc. Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Naphtha Icing (Confectionery), Glucose “List B” Fuels Commercial Source Ammonium Nitrate Hydrogen Peroxide Nitric Acid Potassium Chlorate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Perchlorate Potassium Permanganate Sodium Chlorate Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer Disinfectant, Bleaching Agent, Hair Products Industrial Chemical Match Heads, Pyrotechnics Black Powder, Saltpeter, Stump Remover Airbag Initiator Formulas, Pyrotechnics Disinfectant, Algae Control Herbicide, Pyrotechnics Fertilizer, Food Preservative “List A” Oxidizers Commercial Source Acetone Citric Acid Ethylene Glycol Hexamine Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitric Acid Potassium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate Sulfuric Acid Urea Nail Polish Remover, Paint Remover Food Additive, Water Softener, Powdered Drinks Antifreeze Camp Stove Fuel Tablet Muriatic Acid Disinfectant, Bleaching Agent Paint Remover, Solvent Industrial Chemical Black Powder, Saltpeter, Stump Remover Fertilizer, Food Preservative Car Batteries, Drain Cleaners Fertilizer “List C” Precursors Commercial Source Two or more from “LIST C” could make an explosive
EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE # Components - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Binders Binders are materials used to hold certain explosive mixtures together. Binders can desensitize the explosive and can alter the appearance and consistency of the explosive. Grease: Lubricants, such as for ball bearings Motor Oils: 10W-30, etc. Petroleum Jelly: Vaseline Wax: Paraffin, Candles, Car Wax (Carnauba Wax)
# - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Title # - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - HOMEMADE EXPLOSIVES The following may help you determine whether or not you are in a homemade explosives lab. They are generalities, they are NOT rules. There are no rules. If you notice……… • Predominantly dry chemical components • More granular than powdery product • Grinding equipment (but not necessary) • Simplistic safety equipment (gloves, dust masks, etc.) Then you might review the information on… • Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures • Black Powder • Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures If you notice ……… • Liquid and some dry chemical components • Finer, more powdery than granular product • Pyrex, mason jars, or scientific glassware • Filters (paper, cloth, etc.) • Ice water baths • Safety eye and respiratory protection • Acid-resistant skin protection Then you might review the information on… • Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures • TATP • HMTD • Urea Nitrate If you notice ……… • Predominantly liquid chemical components • Liquid product • Pyrex, mason jars, or scientific glassware • Safety eye and respiratory protection • Acid-resistant skin protection Then you might review the information on… • MEKP • EGDN • Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures (some) HOMEMADEEXPLOSIVES Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 3Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 3 12/4/2007 11:23:37 AM12/4/2007 11:23:37 AM
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Acetone................................... Algae Control......................... Aluminum Powder.................. Ammonium Nitrate................. Antibiotics............................... Antifreeze................................ Automotive Batteries............. Bleaches.................................. Camp Stove Fuel Tablets....... Citric Acid............................... Cleaner, Laboratories............ Disinfectant............................ Drain Pipe Cleaners............... Ethylene Glycol...................... Fertilizer................................... Fingernail Polish Remover.... First Aid Cold Packs.............. Fuel.......................................... Fungicide................................ Hair Products.......................... Herbicide................................. Hexamine................................ Hydrochloric Acid.................. Hydrogen Peroxide................ Magnesium Powder................ Matches................................... Methyl Ethyl Ketone............... Muriatic Acid........................... Nitric Acid............................... Paint Flakes............................ Paint Remover........................ Pickling Salt............................ Pool Water Softeners............. Potassium Chlorate............... Potassium Nitrate................... Potassium Permanganate..... Pulp Bleaching....................... Pyrotechnics........................... Saltpeter.................................. Sodium Chlorate.................... Soil Additive, Sulfur............... Solvent.................................... Sour Salt................................. Stump Remover...................... Sulfur....................................... Sulfuric Acid........................... Therapeutic Health Baths...... Urea......................................... If you see... See these pages… xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 4Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 4 12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM
Ammonium nitrate and racing car fuel• - White - Powder or granules, moist - Mild, fruity, but disagreeable odor Ammonium nitrate and icing (confectionery)• - White - Powder - Slightly sweet odor - Attracts sugar ants Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO)• - Off-white to pinkish - Granules or spherical pellets - Fuel oil odor - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Key Identifiers Ammonium nitrate and aluminum• - Silvery, gray - Powder or granules - Odorless Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO)
Equipment Manufacturing: Grinders• Blenders• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities• or high concentrations present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present• (open windows, doors, fans) - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Hazards Sensitive to impact, friction, static spark, and heat• Ammonium nitrate by itself can be explosive in hot,• confined areas Commercial Uses Exploding targets (Tannerite)• Blasting agent (also known as ANFO)• Dynamites, emulsions, water gels, and certain other• packaged high explosives Chemical Components Ammonium nitrate…• fertilizer Aluminum…• metal paint flakes Fuel…• fuel oils, diesel, nitromethane Sugars…• sucrose, icing (confectionery) Ammonium Nitrate FuelAluminum Sugars
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Black Powder Key Identifiers Powder or granules• Gray, black• Faint, non-distinct odor• Sulfur odor (rotten eggs) when burned• Other names:• Gun Powder Hazards Sensitive to impact, friction,• static spark, and heat Commercial Uses Antique firearms• propellant / gunpowder Fuses• Pyrotechnics• Special blasting applications• Military salute charges and• other ordnance Black Powder Pyrotechnics Gray Black Powder
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Black Powder Chemical Components Potassium nitrate…• black powder, saltpeter, pickling salt Charcoal…• briquettes Sulfur…• chemical supply, garden supply Equipment Manufacturing: Grinders• Blenders• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present• (open windows, doors, fans) Potassium Nitrate SulfurCharcoal
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures Key Identifiers All mixtures are odorless• Flash Powders:• - Powder or granules - Silvery, gray Poor Man’s C4:• - Putty-like, solid or clumps - White Armstrong’s Mix:• - Powder - Red Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact, friction,• static spark, and heat Flash Powder Poor Man’s C4 Armstrong’s Mix
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures Commercial Uses Flash Powders: Fireworks• Armstrong’s Mix: Toy gun caps• Chemical Components Potassium chlorates…• match heads, pyrotechnics Potassium perchlorates…• airbag initiator formulas, pyrotechnics Metal powders…• aluminum, magnesium Petroleum jelly…• Vaseline Red phosphorus…• pyrotechnics Equipment Manufacturing: Grinders• Blenders• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present• (open windows, doors, fans) Potassium Chlorates Potassium Perchlorates Metal Powders Petroleum Jelly Red Phosphorus
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # EGDN Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate Key Identifiers Oily, viscous liquid• Colorless to dark yellow• Odorless• Other names:• Nitroglycol, Dinitroglycol, Glycol Dinitrate, Ethylene Dinitrate Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact, friction,• static spark, and heat Inhalation may cause headaches, dizziness,• chest pain, and low blood pressure C2H4N2O6 EGDN
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# EGDN Commercial Uses Dynamite• Explosive taggant / marker• Chemical Components Ethylene glycol…• antifreeze Sulfuric acid…• car batteries, drain cleaners Nitric acid…• industrial chemical Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Mixers• Ice Bath• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities or high• concentrations (open doors, windows, fans, fume hoods) Ethylene Glycol Sulfuric Acid Nitric Acid
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # HMTD Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine Key Identifiers Crystals or powder• Colorless to white• Dullness like flour• Solids settled at bottom of container• Finer than TATP• Can smell like dead fish• Fresh product may have little or no odor• Additives can alter the physical appearance• Precursor colors will affect HMTD color• May be stored in refrigerator or freezer• C6H12N2O6 HMTD Settles to the Bottom Pure HMTD Hazards Should not be near metals• Extremely sensitive to• impact, friction, static spark, and heat
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# HMTD Commercial Uses None known• Chemical Components Citric acid…• food additive, water softener, powdered drinks Hexamine…• camp stove fuel tablets Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filters• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or• high concentration present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open windows, doors, fans, fume hood) Citric Acid Hexamine Hydrogen Peroxide
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures Key Identifiers Liquid or semi-liquid gel• Mixture color varies with additives• Slightly pungent, caustic odor• (generally) Odor similar to chemical component• Hazards Large quantities can self-heat and• ignite if in sunlight or elevated room temperatures Extremely sensitive to impact,• friction, static spark, and heat HP and Nitromethane or Ethanol HP and Black Pepper HP and Flour HP and Coffee HP and Cumin
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures Commercial Uses None known• Chemical Components Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Food products…• black pepper, coffee, cumin, flour Nitromethane…• racing car fuel, remote control vehicle fuel Ethanol (grain alcohol)...• liquor store, chemical supply Hydrogen Peroxide Nitromethane Food Products Ethanol (grain alcohol) Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filter• Safety: Protective clothing• Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open windows, doors, fans, fume hood)
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # MEKP Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide Key Identifiers Liquid• Clear, colorless• Agreeable odor• Other names:• Luberisol DDM Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact,• friction, static spark, and heat Should not be near sulfuric acid• Commercial Uses Plastic manufacture (Stored in• plastic containers, drums, about 5 to 20 kg) C4H10O4 MEKP
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# MEKP Chemical Components Methyl ethyl ketone…• paint remover, solvents Acid…• sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shield• Impermeable gloves• Impermeable, acid-resistant apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open doors, windows, fans, fume hood) MEK Acid Hydrogen Peroxide
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # TATP Triacetone Triperoxide Key Identifiers Crystals or powder• Sugar-like appearance• Colorless or white• Solids settled at bottom of container• Additives can alter the physical appearance and color• Fruity smell, like acetone but gentler• Old TATP smells very acrid, like bad vinegar• Evaporates in an open container• If stored in a closed jar, glass may look frosted• May be stored in a refrigerator or freezer• Other names:• Acetone Peroxide, Mother of Satan Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact, friction, static• spark, and heat Commercial Uses None known• C9H18O6 Crude TATP Pure TATP
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# TATP Chemical Components Acetone…• nail polish remover, paint remover Acid…• sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Jordanian TATPTATP Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filters• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities are present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Impermeable, acid-resistant apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open doors, windows, fans, fume hood) (open doors, windows, fans, fume hood) Acetone Acid Hydrogen Peroxide
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Urea Nitrate Key Identifiers Crystals• Colorless to off-white• Solids settled at bottom of container• Additives can alter the physical appearance• Odorless• Other names:• Acidogen Nitrate CH5N3O4 Urea Nitrate Nitric AcidUrea Hazards Sensitive to impact, friction, static spark, and heat• Commercial Uses None known• Chemical Components • Nitric acid… industrial chemical • Urea… fertilizer
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Urea Nitrate Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filters• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Impermeable, acid-resistant apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present (open doors,• windows, fans, fume hood) Mixing Urea Nitrate
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Chemicals may be found in cool dry areas; in tightly sealed containers. None of these chemicals require refrigeration, but may be stored there. All chemicals listed can be purchased from the Internet. EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVEEXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS Acetone Citric Acid Hair Products Disinfectant Pool Chemicals Sour Salt Nail Polish Remover Antifreeze First Aid Cold Packs Camp Stove Fuel CHEMICALCOMPONENTS Flour Coffee Cumin Pepper Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 5Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 5 12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVEEXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS MEK Sulfur Various Chemicals from Chemical Supply Sulfuric Acid Drain Cleaner Sulfuric Acid Battery Fluid Strike Anywhere Matches Stump Remover Iron Remover Ammonium Nitrate Urea Muriatic Acid Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 6Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 6 12/4/2007 11:23:40 AM12/4/2007 11:23:40 AM
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Key Identifiers Liquid• Colorless to yellow• Sweet, flowery, perfume-like odor• Smells like nail polish remover• Evaporates quickly if opened• Small quantities, up to a gallon: glass bottles, metal• containers Large quantities: metal cans, drums (5 to 55 gallons)• Other names:• Dimethyl Ketone, 2 Propanone Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Ventilated area (open doors, windows, fans, fume hoods)• Acetone CH3COCH3 or C3H6O Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hazards Extremely flammable• Explosive vapors can travel• Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Vapors can cause drowsiness,• dizziness, and numbness in hands and feet Should not be near chemicals• rich in oxygen Commercial Uses Fingernail polish remover• Paint remover• Glassware cleaner for college• and high school labs Laboratory and industrial solvent• Sources Beauty supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Drug stores• Hardware supply stores• Paint supply stores• Household supply stores• Possible HME Product TATP, pg• XX Acetone Also see NIOSH, CAS 67-64-1, ICSC 0087, RTECS AL3150000, and ERG 127 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Aluminum Powder Key Identifiers Powder• Silver, gray, black• May look whitish• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a• gallon: plastic and steel containers Large quantities, 5 gallons• or more: steel containers Other names:• Aluminum Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if• large quantities present Safety glasses, chemical• goggles, face shields Protective clothing• Hazards Extremely flammable• Vapors can be explosive• Vapors may be present in• adjacent areas Contact with water can• release flammable gases Should not be near water,• moisture, acids, and chemicals rich in oxygen Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Aluminum Powder
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Aluminum Powder Commercial Uses Paints• Pyrotechnics• Manufacture of engines, cars, structural members, etc.• Sources Hardware supply stores• Paint supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Pyrotechnic stores• Possible HME Product Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures, pg xx• Flash Powders, pg xx• Also see NIOSH, CAS 7429-90-5, ICSC 0988, RTECS BD0330000, and ERG 138, 169, 170 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Ammonium Nitrate Key Identifiers Spherical pellets, granular, crystalline,• or powder Colorless or white• Odorless• Small quantities, up to 5 gallons: plastic• or glass containers Large quantities, more than 5 gallons:• plastic or paper bags Other names:• Nitrate of Ammonium Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator,• if large quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• NH4NO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Fertilizer Grade Pellets Explosive Grade Pellets
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Ammonium Nitrate Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Ammonium nitrate by itself can be explosive• Addition of powdered metals or fuels can be• explosive Should not be near combustibles, acids,• flammables, and heat Should not be stored in direct sunlight• Commercial Uses Fertilizers• Explosives• First aid cold packs• Also see CAS 6484-52-2, ICSC 0216, RTECS BR9050000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging Sources Farm and feed stores• Agricultural supply stores• Chemical supply stores• First aid supplies• Possible HME Product Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures, pg XX•
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Citric Acid Key Identifiers Crystalline• White or colorless• Odorless• Small quantities, up to 5 pounds: baggies, glass,• or plastic containers Large quantities, more than 5 pounds: plastic• containers, plastic / paper sacks May be available in tablet form• Other names:• Hydrogen citrate, sour salt Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• C6H8O7 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Citric Acid Hazards Incompatible with chemicals rich in oxygen or bases• Severe eye irritant• Skin and respiratory irritant• Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause allergic• reaction in some individuals Commercial Uses Food additives• Water softeners• Sources Pharmacies• Health food stores• Chemical supply stores• Also see CAS 77-62-9, ICSC 0855, and RTECS GE7350000 Example Commercial Product Packaging Possible HME Product HMTD, pg xx•
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Ethylene Glycol Key Identifiers Liquid, syrupy, viscous• Clear, colorless (pure chemical form)• Odorless• Small quantities, up to 5 gallons: glass or plastic• containers Large quantities, more than 5 gallons: plastic or steel• container Other names:• Glycol, Ethanediol, Monoethylene glycol Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities present• Chemical goggles• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Protective clothing• Ventilated area (open doors, windows, fans, fume• hoods) Hazards Ingestion can cause blindness and death• Mild eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near chemicals rich in oxygen, strong• acids, heat, and salts C2H6O2 Ethylene Glycol
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Ethylene Glycol Commercial Uses Plastic manufacture• Antifreeze• Commercial explosives• Sources Automotive stores• Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product EGDN, pg xx• Also see NIOSH, CAS 107-21-1, ICSC 0179, and RTECS KW2975000 Example Commercial Product Packaging Antifreeze
Key Identifiers Crystalline or solid• White• Slight ammonia-like odor• Small quantities: Up to 5 pounds, plastic bags• or containers Large quantities: More than 5 pounds,• containers or woven bags Other names:• Hexamethylenetetramine, Methenamine Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if• in dust form Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if in dust• form (open windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Flammable• Eye, skin, respiratory• irritant Should not be near• metals, peroxides, and chemicals rich in oxygen Should not be near heat,• humidity, and acids - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hexamine C6H12N4 Hexamine Tablet Burning Hexamine Tablets
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hexamine Commercial Uses Camp stove fuel tablets• Antibiotics• Military explosives• Pyrotechnics• Sources Hardware supply stores• Camping / army surplus stores• Chemical supply stores• Pyrotechnic supply stores• Also see CAS 100-97-0, ICSC 1228, RTECS MN4725000, and ERG 133 (v 2004) Possible HME Product HMTD, pg xx• R-Salt• Camp Stove Fuel Tablets Camp Stove Kit
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hydrochloric Acid Key Identifiers Liquid• Colorless to light yellow to greenish-yellow• Pungent, acrid, sour odor• Corrosive, leaves burn marks• Will burn nose• Makes eyes water• Can liberate chlorine gas• Various concentrations available• Small quantities, up to a gallon: glass or plastic• containers (varies by concentration) Large quantities, up to 55 gallons: lined steel drums,• plastic containers Other names:• Muriatic Acid Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities• present Safety glasses, chemical• goggles, face shields Impermeable gloves• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area (open doors,• windows, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Severe eye, skin, respiratory• irritant (severity depends on concentration) Ingestion may cause death• Corrosive• Should not be near anything• except other acids HCI Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hydrochloric Acid Commercial Uses Manufacture of plastics and some chemicals• Cleaning products• Sources Industrial supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Building supply stores• Possible HME Product TATP, pg xx• MEKP, pg XX• Also see NIOSH, CAS 7647-01-0, ICSC 0163, RTECS MW4025000, and ERG 157 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
Key Identifiers Liquid• Clear, colorless• Slightly pungent, caustic odor• Corrosive, leaves burn marks• Whitens skin on contact• Skin blisters• Peels paint, whitens materials• Various concentrations available• Easily concentrates to higher levels• Beautician grade may require state license to purchase• Small quantities, up to a half gallon:• glass or plastic containers (varies by concentration) Large quantities, 30 to 55 gallons: plastic, aluminum, or• stainless steel drums (varies by concentration) Other names:• Dihydrogen Dioxide, Hydroperoxide Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves and acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating (open windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant (severity depends on• concentration) Inhaled vapors can cause breathing difficulties• Concentrated vapors accumulate at ground level• Corrosive• Should not be near heat, light• Should not be near metals, metal salts, rust, dust• Should not be near flammable and combustible materials• 35% Concentration from Chemical Supply - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) Commercial Uses Bleaching pulp and textiles• Bleaching hair• Disinfectants• Environmental clean-up• Pool water softeners• Therapeutic health baths• Sources Drug stores (under 8% concentrations)• Beauty supply stores (to about 35%• concentrations) Internet (up to 35% concentrations)• Chemical supply stores (up to 98%• concentrations) Possible HME Product HMTD, pg XX• TATP, pg XX• Hydrogen Peroxide• Mixtures, pg XX Also see NIOSH, CAS 7722-84-1, ICSC 0164, RTECS MX900000, MX0887000, and ERG 140, 143 (v 2004) 50% Concentrations from Chemical Supply in Various Quantities Beautician Grade HP Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Magnesium Powder Key Identifiers Powder or solid• Gray, black• Odorless• Small quantities, up to about a gallon: plastic and• steel containers Large quantities, more than 5 gallons: steel• containers Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present (open• windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Mg Magnesium Powder
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Magnesium Powder Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Extremely flammable• Contact with water releases flammable gases• Commercial Uses Manufacture of engines, cars, structural members• Pyrotechnics• Sources Hardware supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Pyrotechnic stores• Possible HME Product Flash Powders, pg xx• Also see CAS 7439-95-4, ICSC 0289, RTECS OM2100000, and ERG 138 (v 2004) Solid Magnesium
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Methyl Ethyl Ketone Key Identifiers Liquid• Colorless• Sweet, minty, acetone-like,• agreeable odor Small quantities, up to about a• gallon: glass and metal containers Large quantities, More than 5• gallons: metal containers Dry or cracked skin• Evaporates quickly• Other names:• 2-Butanone, MEK Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses, chemical goggles• Impermeable gloves and apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area (open doors, windows, fans, fume hoods)• C4H8O Methyl Ethyl Ketone Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Methyl Ethyl Ketone Hazards Extremely flammable• Vapors can be explosive• Vapors may be present in adjacent areas• Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness• Should not be near chemicals rich in oxygen• Should not be near caustic solutions such as lye• Commercial Uses Paint removers• Laboratory and industrial solvents• Plastics manufacture• Sources Hardware stores• Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product MEKP, pg xx• Also see CAS 78-93-3, ICSC 0179, RTECS EL6475000, and ERG 127 (v 2004) Typical MEK Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Nitric Acid Key Identifiers Liquid• Red-brown at 90% concentration• Colorless to light yellow at 70% concentration• Pungent, acrid odor• Makes the eyes water• Corrosive• Turns skin yellow• Various concentrations available• Small quantities, up to a gallon:• glass containers Large quantities, up to about 55• gallons: lined steel drums, plastic containers Other names:• Spirit of Nitre, Aqua Fortis, Hydrogen Nitrate, Azotic Acid Equipment Safety: Respirator, if in high concentrations• Safety glasses, chemical goggles,• face shields Impermeable gloves• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Severe eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Severe skin burns• Inhalation can be fatal• Effects may be delayed (can be hours)• Should not be near fuels, powdered metals,• and combustibles HNO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Nitric Acid Commercial Uses Rocket propellants• Explosives manufacture• Fertilizer manufacture• Laboratory and industrial processes• Sources Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product Urea Nitrate, pg XX• EGDN, pg XX• TATP, pg XX• MEKP, pg XX• Hellhoffite and Nitrocellulose• Also see NIOSH, CAS 7697-37-2, ICSC 0183, RTECS QU5775000, and ERG 157 (v 2004) Nitric Acid Shipping Container for 100 ml
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Nitromethane Key Identifiers Liquid, oily• Colorless• Fruity, disagreeable odor• Small quantities, up to a few gallons: glass, metal,• and plastic containers Large quantities, more• than a few gallons: stainless steel drums Other names:• nitrocarbol Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if• large quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Hazards Extremely flammable• Vapors flammable and susceptible to explosion• Susceptible to shock, static spark, flame, and other• ignition sources Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• May cause headache, shallow respiration,• dizziness, vomiting, weakness, and fall in blood pressure Nitromethane by itself can be explosive in hot,• confined areas Should not be near strong acids, oxygen-rich• chemicals, copper, some metals, combustible materials CH3NO2 Nitromethane
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Nitromethane Commercial Uses Racing car fuel• Remote control vehicle fuel• Industrial solvent• Propellants and explosives• Also see NIOSH, CAS 75-52-5, ICSC 0522 RTECS PA9800000, and ERG 129 (v 2004) Sources Chemical supply stores• Racing fuel supply stores• Remote control hobbyist stores• Possible HME Product Ammonium nitrate mixtures, pg XX• Hydrogen peroxide mixtures, pg XX• Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Potassium Chlorate Key Identifiers Crystalline or powder• White• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a• few pounds: glass or plastic containers, plastic baggies Large quantities, up to about 50• pounds: sealed plastic bag inside a metal drum Other names:• Chlorate of Potash, Potassium Oxymuriate Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near metal• powders, flammables, and combustibles Commercial Uses Pyrotechnics• Strike anywhere matches• Herbicides• Oxygen candles• KCIO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Potassium Chlorate Powder Close-up
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Potassium Chlorate Sources Pyrotechnic stores• Chemical supply stores• Grocery stores• Hardware supply stores• Possible HME Product Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures, pg XX• Also see CAS 3811-04-9, ICSC 0548, RTECS FO0350000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Strike Anywhere Matches Close-up of Potassium Chlorate
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Potassium Nitrate Key Identifiers Crystalline, granular, or powder• White• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a few pounds:• glass or plastic containers Large quantities, up to about 50• pounds: sealed plastic bag inside a metal drum Other names:• Nitrate of Potash, Saltpeter Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near metal• powders, flammables, and combustibles Commercial Uses Propellants• Pyrotechnics• Food preservatives• (commercial) Fertilizers• Stump remover (some)• KNO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Potassium Nitrate Close-up
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Potassium Nitrate Sources Agricultural supply stores• Pyrotechnic stores• Chemical supply stores• Hardware supply stores• Possible HME Product Black Powder, pg XX• Also see CAS 7757-79-1, ICSC 0184, RTECS TT3700000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Close-up of Stump Remover Pellets Close-up of Potassium Nitrate Stump Remover Not All Stump Remover Contains Potassium Nitrate X
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Potassium Permanganate Key Identifiers Solid or crystalline• Dark purple, violet• Odorless• Stains skin brown• Stains most anything purple• Small quantities, up to a few pounds:• glass and plastic containers, plastic baggies Large quantities, more than a few• pounds: sealed plastic bag inside a metal drum Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Protective clothing• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Severe eye, skin, respiratory• irritant Should not be near metals,• acids, fuels, peroxides, and combustibles KMnO4 Potassium Permanganate Close-up Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Potassium Permanganate Commercial Uses Algae control• Iron removal• Disinfectants• Water purification• Manufacture of organics• Sources Pool supply stores• Aquarium supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures, pg xx• Permanganate / Glycerin Explosive Mixtures• Also see CAS 7722-64-7, ICSC 0672, RTECS SD6475000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Iron Filter Close-up Iron Filter Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Sodium Chlorate Key Identifiers Powder• White, colorless, or light yellow• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a few• pounds: glass or plastic containers Large quantities, more than a few• pounds: plastic-lined woven bags, heavy plastic bags or cartons, iron drums, knitted bags Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory• irritant Should not be near• combustibles, powdered metals, strong bases, and acids NaCIO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Sodium Chlorate Close-up
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Sodium Chlorate Commercial Uses Herbicides• Bleaching pulp• Pyrotechnics• Sources Pyrotechnic stores• Chemical supply stores• Agricultural supply stores• Possible HME Product Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures, pg xx• Also see CAS 7775-09-9, ICSC 1117, RTECS FO0525000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Sulfur Key Identifiers Powder, chalky• Yellow• Odorless• When heated, smells like rotten eggs• Small quantities, up to a few pounds: paper/plastic• sacks, plastic containers Large quantities: cardboard and metal drums• Other names:• Sulphur Equipment Safety: Dust mask or• respirator, if large quantities present Safety glasses• Protective clothing• Ventilated area,• if large quantities present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, and• respiratory irritant Should not be near• chemicals rich in oxygen Commercial Uses Fertilizers• Fungicides• Matches• Soil additive• Sulfur from Chemical Supply Close-up
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Sulfur Sources Agricultural supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Farm and feed stores• Garden supply stores• Possible HME Product • Flash Powders, pg xx • In combination with various chemicals rich in oxygen Also see CAS 7704-34-9, ICSC 1166, RTECS WS4250000, and ERG 133 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Sulfuric Acid Key Identifiers Liquid, may be viscous• Colorless• Pungent, acrid odor• Various concentrations available• Small quantities, up to about a gallon:• glass or plastic containers Large quantities, more than a• gallon: carbon steel, stainless steel, polyethylene containers Other names:• Vitriol, Oleum, Hydrogen sulfate Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles,• face shields Impermeable gloves• Acid-resistant apron• Hazards Severe eye, skin respiratory irritant• (severity depends on concentration) Severe skin burns• Corrosive• Do not add water• Should not be near chemicals rich in• oxygen Should not be near flammables,• combustibles, and caustic solutions such as lye H2SO4 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Sulfuric Acid Commercial Uses Drain pipe cleaners• Automotive batteries• Polymer manufacture• Fertilizer manufacture• Chemical manufacture• Oil refining• Sources • Automotive supply stores • Chemical supply stores • Industrial supply stores Possible HME Product • EGDN, pg xx • MEKP, pg xx • TATP, pg xx Also see NIOSH, CAS 7664-93-9, ICSC 0362, RTECS WS5600000, and ERG 137 (v 2004) Car Battery Acid Pipe Drain Cleaners
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Urea Key Identifiers Crystalline, granular, or powder• White• Ammonia-like odor• Small quantities, up to a few pounds:• glass or plastic containers Large quantities, up to about 50• pounds: sealed plastic containers or bags Other names:• Carbamide, Carbonyl Diamide Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near• chemicals rich in oxygen C1H4N2O Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Urea Close-up
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Urea Commercial Uses Fertilizers• Road de-icers• Food supplement• Manufacture of plastics• Sources Agricultural supply stores• Hardware supply stores• Possible HME Product Urea Nitrate, pg xx• Also see CAS 57-13-6, ICSC 0595, RTECS YR6250000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURINGEQUIPMENT Bucket & Plastic Ware Coffee Grinder Slow Cooker Coffee Pot Filters / Funnels Mortar / Pestle Gloves & Goggles Suspicious Venting Hot Plate Ice Baths Glassware The manufacturing equipment will depend on the homemade explosive. The equipment may be scientific, simplistic, or improvised to provide grinding, mixing, stirring, distilling, filtering, and cooling capabilities. Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 7Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 7 12/4/2007 11:23:42 AM12/4/2007 11:23:42 AM
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # BACK OF TAB PAGE WILL BE BLANK Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 8Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 8 12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Grinders reduce the granule size of solid components. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: Am• monium nitrate mixtures Black powder• Chlorate / perchlorate mixtures• Grinders Mortar/Pestle Small Electric Coffee Grinder Ball Mill Handheld Electric Coffee Grinder Commercial Grade Coffee Grinder
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Mixers physically blend components. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: Am• monium nitrate mixtures Black powder• Chlorate / perchlorate mixtures• Stirrers combine liquid components. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: EGDN• HMTD• Hydrogen peroxide mixtures• MEKP• TATP• Urea Nitrate• Mixers and Stirrers # Blenders / Mixers Magnetic Stirrers Suspicious Buckets / Plastic Ware
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Ice baths cool mixtures that generate heat. Bath water could be ice with salted water or dry ice with acetone. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: E• GDN HMTD• Hydrogen peroxide• mixtures MEKP• TATP• Urea Nitrate• Ice Baths Glass Containers in Ice Chest
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Distillers concentrate chemical components with low-level heat. Distillers may include complex scientific equipment or household items used in improvised methods. Distillers # Stovetop with Pot Slow Cooker Rotovap Coffee Pot Hot Plate
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Filters separate the solids from the liquids. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: HMTD• Hydrogen peroxide mixtures• TATP• Urea nitrate• Filters Coffee FiltersCoffee FiltersFilter Funnels Coffee Filter Used with Funnel and Jar
Safety equipment provides personal protection. It may prevent the formation of physical indicators such as whitening skin. Safety equipment may or may not be present, or could be improvised. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Safety Equipment # Rubber Gloves Face Shield N95 Dust Mask and Vapor Mask Flexible Dryer Vent Pipe Safety GogglesSafety Goggles
Additional Resources Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) assigns a unique registry number for every chemical to facilitate information gathering. NIOSH, ERG, MSDS, and product labels include this number. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) aids first responders to identify hazardous materials at an incident and recommends personal protection for the type of hazard. EOD Technical Manual 9 – 1300 Series supports the Department of Defense EOD personnel. International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) facilitates the exchange of chemical information for the occupational safety and health of workers. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are standardized government product forms completed and made available by the manufacturer to summarize the chemical constituents, hazards, handling, storage, and other recommendations for each product. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pocket Guide is a source of general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals, including exposure limits and recommended protective measures for chemicals. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) presents the toxicity of chemicals as taken from open literature sources. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) develops codes and standards, amongst other missions, to reduce the burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life. NFPA codes relative to this booklet: • NFPA 490 Code for the Storage of Ammonium Nitrate • NFPA 495 Explosives Materials Code • NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 9Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 9 12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM
Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 10Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 10 12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM

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DHS-HomemadeExplosivesGuide

  • 1. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Indicators andand Warnings forfor Homemade ExplosivesHomemade Explosives Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 1Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 1 12/4/2007 11:23:21 AM12/4/2007 11:23:21 AM
  • 2. Product is For Official Use Only — Law Enforcement Sensitive — All individuals handling the information are required to protect it from unauthorized disclosure. This information should be disseminated on a need-to-know basis. This document is a product of the Technical Support Working Group. It is not for public use, but is intended for use by military, federal, state, and local personnel of all occupational specialties. As a reference for training and operations by emergency personnel in preparing for and responding to Terrorists Incidents. Authorization for use by any others than named above must be requested via e-mail to pubs@tswg.gov and approved by the Director CTTSO/TSWG. DO NOT handle any unknown chemicals• or explosive materials Consider all unknown substances• and materials dangerous Apply this guide with previous training• and experience Contact your EOD or Bomb Squad immediately• if a possible homemade explosives production area has been identified WARNING Enter your EOD / Bomb Squad Contact Information here: Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 2Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 2 12/4/2007 11:23:36 AM12/4/2007 11:23:36 AM
  • 3. X xx xx X xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx X xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx X xx xx xx xx xx xx # Table of Contents - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - INTRODUCTION Homemade Explosives Components HOMEMADE EXPLOSIVES Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Black Powder Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures EGDN HMTD Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures MEKP TATP Urea Nitrate CHEMICAL COMPONENTS Acetone Aluminum Powder Ammonium Nitrate Citric Acid Ethylene Glycol Hexamine Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Magnesium Powder Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitric Acid Nitromethane Potassium Chlorate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Permanganate Sodium Chlorate Sulfur Sulfuric Acid Urea MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT Grinders Mixers and Stirrers Ice Baths Distillers Filters Safety Equipment
  • 4. # Indicators and Warnings on Homemade Explosives Technical Support Working Group Training Technology Development Subgroup First Edition, December 2007 Additional copies may be purchased from the Government Printing Office. GPO Stock Number: 008-001-00185-1 ISBN: 978-0-16-079532-9
  • 5. #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Introduction This booklet is a quick reference guide describing indicators and warnings related to homemade explosives. It is intended to aid military, federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel to visually recognize the materials, chemicals, and equipment associated with the manufacture of homemade explosives. The examples in this guide were selected based on historical incidents, intelligence on emerging threats, and the commercial availability of the components. Given the variety of substitute materials available for the manufacture of homemade explosives, this guide should not be considered all inclusive. Instead, it should be used to establish a basic understanding of typical materials, chemicals, and equipment associated with the manufacture of homemade explosives and to enable on-scene personnel to determine if they are dealing with a potentially dangerous situation.
  • 6. # - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - The majority of this quick reference guide is tab-divided into three sections. Homemade Explosives describes the• key identifiers, hazards, commercial uses, chemical components, and the equipment used in the manufacture of homemade explosives. Chemical Components describes the• key identifiers, hazards, commercial uses, commercial sources, and the homemade explosive it can be used to create. Manufacturing Equipment• summarizes the laboratory and improvised equipment that can be utilized during the manufacturing process. The Technical Support Working Group, Training Technology Development Subgroup, sponsored the development of this guide on Indicators and Warnings for Homemade Explosives with support from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
  • 7. # Homemade Explosives - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - In General… Exercise Caution: If you think you have found a• homemade explosive, DO NOT HANDLE, contact an expert immediately. All explo• sives are sensitive to heat, shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge; sensitivity will vary based on the type of explosive. Ho• memade explosives, also known as improvised explosives, can be made from commonly available commercial chemicals with relatively minimal effort. Many of the chemical components can be• purchased from a chemical supply store in pure form. Homemade explos• ives can be made by physically mixing ingredients or by chemically reacting ingredients. For some homemade explosives, when the• ingredients chemically react, small crystalline solids form. These solids that settle to the bottom of the container are homemade explosives. Some s• ensitive homemade explosives may be manufactured in a cold and/or frigid water bath to prevent explosion. Some ho• memade explosives may be kept in a refrigerator or freezer. Color is• not a sole indicator to identify type or strength of explosive.
  • 8. # - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Components EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE One from “LIST A” mixed with one from “LIST B” could make an explosive Alcohols Cellulose Coal Energetic Fuels Flake / Powder Metals Natural Gases Fuel Oils Petroleum Solvents Sugars Ethanol, Methanol, Isopropanol, etc. Sawdust, Cotton, etc. Charcoal Nitromethane, Nitrobenzene, etc. Aluminum, Magnesium, Iron Methane, Propane, Butane Vehicle Fuel Kerosene, Diesel, etc. Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Naphtha Icing (Confectionery), Glucose “List B” Fuels Commercial Source Ammonium Nitrate Hydrogen Peroxide Nitric Acid Potassium Chlorate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Perchlorate Potassium Permanganate Sodium Chlorate Sodium Nitrate Fertilizer Disinfectant, Bleaching Agent, Hair Products Industrial Chemical Match Heads, Pyrotechnics Black Powder, Saltpeter, Stump Remover Airbag Initiator Formulas, Pyrotechnics Disinfectant, Algae Control Herbicide, Pyrotechnics Fertilizer, Food Preservative “List A” Oxidizers Commercial Source Acetone Citric Acid Ethylene Glycol Hexamine Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitric Acid Potassium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate Sulfuric Acid Urea Nail Polish Remover, Paint Remover Food Additive, Water Softener, Powdered Drinks Antifreeze Camp Stove Fuel Tablet Muriatic Acid Disinfectant, Bleaching Agent Paint Remover, Solvent Industrial Chemical Black Powder, Saltpeter, Stump Remover Fertilizer, Food Preservative Car Batteries, Drain Cleaners Fertilizer “List C” Precursors Commercial Source Two or more from “LIST C” could make an explosive
  • 9. EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE # Components - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Binders Binders are materials used to hold certain explosive mixtures together. Binders can desensitize the explosive and can alter the appearance and consistency of the explosive. Grease: Lubricants, such as for ball bearings Motor Oils: 10W-30, etc. Petroleum Jelly: Vaseline Wax: Paraffin, Candles, Car Wax (Carnauba Wax)
  • 10. # - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Title # - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
  • 11. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - HOMEMADE EXPLOSIVES The following may help you determine whether or not you are in a homemade explosives lab. They are generalities, they are NOT rules. There are no rules. If you notice……… • Predominantly dry chemical components • More granular than powdery product • Grinding equipment (but not necessary) • Simplistic safety equipment (gloves, dust masks, etc.) Then you might review the information on… • Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures • Black Powder • Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures If you notice ……… • Liquid and some dry chemical components • Finer, more powdery than granular product • Pyrex, mason jars, or scientific glassware • Filters (paper, cloth, etc.) • Ice water baths • Safety eye and respiratory protection • Acid-resistant skin protection Then you might review the information on… • Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures • TATP • HMTD • Urea Nitrate If you notice ……… • Predominantly liquid chemical components • Liquid product • Pyrex, mason jars, or scientific glassware • Safety eye and respiratory protection • Acid-resistant skin protection Then you might review the information on… • MEKP • EGDN • Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures (some) HOMEMADEEXPLOSIVES Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 3Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 3 12/4/2007 11:23:37 AM12/4/2007 11:23:37 AM
  • 12. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Acetone................................... Algae Control......................... Aluminum Powder.................. Ammonium Nitrate................. Antibiotics............................... Antifreeze................................ Automotive Batteries............. Bleaches.................................. Camp Stove Fuel Tablets....... Citric Acid............................... Cleaner, Laboratories............ Disinfectant............................ Drain Pipe Cleaners............... Ethylene Glycol...................... Fertilizer................................... Fingernail Polish Remover.... First Aid Cold Packs.............. Fuel.......................................... Fungicide................................ Hair Products.......................... Herbicide................................. Hexamine................................ Hydrochloric Acid.................. Hydrogen Peroxide................ Magnesium Powder................ Matches................................... Methyl Ethyl Ketone............... Muriatic Acid........................... Nitric Acid............................... Paint Flakes............................ Paint Remover........................ Pickling Salt............................ Pool Water Softeners............. Potassium Chlorate............... Potassium Nitrate................... Potassium Permanganate..... Pulp Bleaching....................... Pyrotechnics........................... Saltpeter.................................. Sodium Chlorate.................... Soil Additive, Sulfur............... Solvent.................................... Sour Salt................................. Stump Remover...................... Sulfur....................................... Sulfuric Acid........................... Therapeutic Health Baths...... Urea......................................... If you see... See these pages… xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 4Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 4 12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM
  • 13. Ammonium nitrate and racing car fuel• - White - Powder or granules, moist - Mild, fruity, but disagreeable odor Ammonium nitrate and icing (confectionery)• - White - Powder - Slightly sweet odor - Attracts sugar ants Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO)• - Off-white to pinkish - Granules or spherical pellets - Fuel oil odor - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Key Identifiers Ammonium nitrate and aluminum• - Silvery, gray - Powder or granules - Odorless Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO)
  • 14. Equipment Manufacturing: Grinders• Blenders• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities• or high concentrations present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present• (open windows, doors, fans) - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Hazards Sensitive to impact, friction, static spark, and heat• Ammonium nitrate by itself can be explosive in hot,• confined areas Commercial Uses Exploding targets (Tannerite)• Blasting agent (also known as ANFO)• Dynamites, emulsions, water gels, and certain other• packaged high explosives Chemical Components Ammonium nitrate…• fertilizer Aluminum…• metal paint flakes Fuel…• fuel oils, diesel, nitromethane Sugars…• sucrose, icing (confectionery) Ammonium Nitrate FuelAluminum Sugars
  • 15. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Black Powder Key Identifiers Powder or granules• Gray, black• Faint, non-distinct odor• Sulfur odor (rotten eggs) when burned• Other names:• Gun Powder Hazards Sensitive to impact, friction,• static spark, and heat Commercial Uses Antique firearms• propellant / gunpowder Fuses• Pyrotechnics• Special blasting applications• Military salute charges and• other ordnance Black Powder Pyrotechnics Gray Black Powder
  • 16. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Black Powder Chemical Components Potassium nitrate…• black powder, saltpeter, pickling salt Charcoal…• briquettes Sulfur…• chemical supply, garden supply Equipment Manufacturing: Grinders• Blenders• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present• (open windows, doors, fans) Potassium Nitrate SulfurCharcoal
  • 17. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures Key Identifiers All mixtures are odorless• Flash Powders:• - Powder or granules - Silvery, gray Poor Man’s C4:• - Putty-like, solid or clumps - White Armstrong’s Mix:• - Powder - Red Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact, friction,• static spark, and heat Flash Powder Poor Man’s C4 Armstrong’s Mix
  • 18. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures Commercial Uses Flash Powders: Fireworks• Armstrong’s Mix: Toy gun caps• Chemical Components Potassium chlorates…• match heads, pyrotechnics Potassium perchlorates…• airbag initiator formulas, pyrotechnics Metal powders…• aluminum, magnesium Petroleum jelly…• Vaseline Red phosphorus…• pyrotechnics Equipment Manufacturing: Grinders• Blenders• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present• (open windows, doors, fans) Potassium Chlorates Potassium Perchlorates Metal Powders Petroleum Jelly Red Phosphorus
  • 19. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # EGDN Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate Key Identifiers Oily, viscous liquid• Colorless to dark yellow• Odorless• Other names:• Nitroglycol, Dinitroglycol, Glycol Dinitrate, Ethylene Dinitrate Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact, friction,• static spark, and heat Inhalation may cause headaches, dizziness,• chest pain, and low blood pressure C2H4N2O6 EGDN
  • 20. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# EGDN Commercial Uses Dynamite• Explosive taggant / marker• Chemical Components Ethylene glycol…• antifreeze Sulfuric acid…• car batteries, drain cleaners Nitric acid…• industrial chemical Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Mixers• Ice Bath• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities or high• concentrations (open doors, windows, fans, fume hoods) Ethylene Glycol Sulfuric Acid Nitric Acid
  • 21. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # HMTD Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine Key Identifiers Crystals or powder• Colorless to white• Dullness like flour• Solids settled at bottom of container• Finer than TATP• Can smell like dead fish• Fresh product may have little or no odor• Additives can alter the physical appearance• Precursor colors will affect HMTD color• May be stored in refrigerator or freezer• C6H12N2O6 HMTD Settles to the Bottom Pure HMTD Hazards Should not be near metals• Extremely sensitive to• impact, friction, static spark, and heat
  • 22. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# HMTD Commercial Uses None known• Chemical Components Citric acid…• food additive, water softener, powdered drinks Hexamine…• camp stove fuel tablets Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filters• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or• high concentration present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open windows, doors, fans, fume hood) Citric Acid Hexamine Hydrogen Peroxide
  • 23. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures Key Identifiers Liquid or semi-liquid gel• Mixture color varies with additives• Slightly pungent, caustic odor• (generally) Odor similar to chemical component• Hazards Large quantities can self-heat and• ignite if in sunlight or elevated room temperatures Extremely sensitive to impact,• friction, static spark, and heat HP and Nitromethane or Ethanol HP and Black Pepper HP and Flour HP and Coffee HP and Cumin
  • 24. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hydrogen Peroxide Mixtures Commercial Uses None known• Chemical Components Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Food products…• black pepper, coffee, cumin, flour Nitromethane…• racing car fuel, remote control vehicle fuel Ethanol (grain alcohol)...• liquor store, chemical supply Hydrogen Peroxide Nitromethane Food Products Ethanol (grain alcohol) Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filter• Safety: Protective clothing• Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open windows, doors, fans, fume hood)
  • 25. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # MEKP Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide Key Identifiers Liquid• Clear, colorless• Agreeable odor• Other names:• Luberisol DDM Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact,• friction, static spark, and heat Should not be near sulfuric acid• Commercial Uses Plastic manufacture (Stored in• plastic containers, drums, about 5 to 20 kg) C4H10O4 MEKP
  • 26. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# MEKP Chemical Components Methyl ethyl ketone…• paint remover, solvents Acid…• sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shield• Impermeable gloves• Impermeable, acid-resistant apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open doors, windows, fans, fume hood) MEK Acid Hydrogen Peroxide
  • 27. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # TATP Triacetone Triperoxide Key Identifiers Crystals or powder• Sugar-like appearance• Colorless or white• Solids settled at bottom of container• Additives can alter the physical appearance and color• Fruity smell, like acetone but gentler• Old TATP smells very acrid, like bad vinegar• Evaporates in an open container• If stored in a closed jar, glass may look frosted• May be stored in a refrigerator or freezer• Other names:• Acetone Peroxide, Mother of Satan Hazards Extremely sensitive to impact, friction, static• spark, and heat Commercial Uses None known• C9H18O6 Crude TATP Pure TATP
  • 28. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# TATP Chemical Components Acetone…• nail polish remover, paint remover Acid…• sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric Hydrogen peroxide…• disinfectant, bleaching agent, hair products Jordanian TATPTATP Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Distillers• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filters• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities are present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Impermeable, acid-resistant apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating chemicals (open doors, windows, fans, fume hood) (open doors, windows, fans, fume hood) Acetone Acid Hydrogen Peroxide
  • 29. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Urea Nitrate Key Identifiers Crystals• Colorless to off-white• Solids settled at bottom of container• Additives can alter the physical appearance• Odorless• Other names:• Acidogen Nitrate CH5N3O4 Urea Nitrate Nitric AcidUrea Hazards Sensitive to impact, friction, static spark, and heat• Commercial Uses None known• Chemical Components • Nitric acid… industrial chemical • Urea… fertilizer
  • 30. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Urea Nitrate Equipment Manufacturing: Glassware• Mixers• Ice Bath• Filters• Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves• Impermeable, acid-resistant apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present (open doors,• windows, fans, fume hood) Mixing Urea Nitrate
  • 31. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Chemicals may be found in cool dry areas; in tightly sealed containers. None of these chemicals require refrigeration, but may be stored there. All chemicals listed can be purchased from the Internet. EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVEEXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS Acetone Citric Acid Hair Products Disinfectant Pool Chemicals Sour Salt Nail Polish Remover Antifreeze First Aid Cold Packs Camp Stove Fuel CHEMICALCOMPONENTS Flour Coffee Cumin Pepper Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 5Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 5 12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM12/4/2007 11:23:38 AM
  • 32. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - EXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVEEXAMPLES, NOT ALL INCLUSIVE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS MEK Sulfur Various Chemicals from Chemical Supply Sulfuric Acid Drain Cleaner Sulfuric Acid Battery Fluid Strike Anywhere Matches Stump Remover Iron Remover Ammonium Nitrate Urea Muriatic Acid Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 6Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 6 12/4/2007 11:23:40 AM12/4/2007 11:23:40 AM
  • 33. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Key Identifiers Liquid• Colorless to yellow• Sweet, flowery, perfume-like odor• Smells like nail polish remover• Evaporates quickly if opened• Small quantities, up to a gallon: glass bottles, metal• containers Large quantities: metal cans, drums (5 to 55 gallons)• Other names:• Dimethyl Ketone, 2 Propanone Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Ventilated area (open doors, windows, fans, fume hoods)• Acetone CH3COCH3 or C3H6O Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 34. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hazards Extremely flammable• Explosive vapors can travel• Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Vapors can cause drowsiness,• dizziness, and numbness in hands and feet Should not be near chemicals• rich in oxygen Commercial Uses Fingernail polish remover• Paint remover• Glassware cleaner for college• and high school labs Laboratory and industrial solvent• Sources Beauty supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Drug stores• Hardware supply stores• Paint supply stores• Household supply stores• Possible HME Product TATP, pg• XX Acetone Also see NIOSH, CAS 67-64-1, ICSC 0087, RTECS AL3150000, and ERG 127 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 35. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Aluminum Powder Key Identifiers Powder• Silver, gray, black• May look whitish• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a• gallon: plastic and steel containers Large quantities, 5 gallons• or more: steel containers Other names:• Aluminum Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if• large quantities present Safety glasses, chemical• goggles, face shields Protective clothing• Hazards Extremely flammable• Vapors can be explosive• Vapors may be present in• adjacent areas Contact with water can• release flammable gases Should not be near water,• moisture, acids, and chemicals rich in oxygen Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Aluminum Powder
  • 36. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Aluminum Powder Commercial Uses Paints• Pyrotechnics• Manufacture of engines, cars, structural members, etc.• Sources Hardware supply stores• Paint supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Pyrotechnic stores• Possible HME Product Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures, pg xx• Flash Powders, pg xx• Also see NIOSH, CAS 7429-90-5, ICSC 0988, RTECS BD0330000, and ERG 138, 169, 170 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 37. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Ammonium Nitrate Key Identifiers Spherical pellets, granular, crystalline,• or powder Colorless or white• Odorless• Small quantities, up to 5 gallons: plastic• or glass containers Large quantities, more than 5 gallons:• plastic or paper bags Other names:• Nitrate of Ammonium Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator,• if large quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• NH4NO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Fertilizer Grade Pellets Explosive Grade Pellets
  • 38. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Ammonium Nitrate Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Ammonium nitrate by itself can be explosive• Addition of powdered metals or fuels can be• explosive Should not be near combustibles, acids,• flammables, and heat Should not be stored in direct sunlight• Commercial Uses Fertilizers• Explosives• First aid cold packs• Also see CAS 6484-52-2, ICSC 0216, RTECS BR9050000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging Sources Farm and feed stores• Agricultural supply stores• Chemical supply stores• First aid supplies• Possible HME Product Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures, pg XX•
  • 39. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Citric Acid Key Identifiers Crystalline• White or colorless• Odorless• Small quantities, up to 5 pounds: baggies, glass,• or plastic containers Large quantities, more than 5 pounds: plastic• containers, plastic / paper sacks May be available in tablet form• Other names:• Hydrogen citrate, sour salt Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• C6H8O7 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 40. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Citric Acid Hazards Incompatible with chemicals rich in oxygen or bases• Severe eye irritant• Skin and respiratory irritant• Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause allergic• reaction in some individuals Commercial Uses Food additives• Water softeners• Sources Pharmacies• Health food stores• Chemical supply stores• Also see CAS 77-62-9, ICSC 0855, and RTECS GE7350000 Example Commercial Product Packaging Possible HME Product HMTD, pg xx•
  • 41. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Ethylene Glycol Key Identifiers Liquid, syrupy, viscous• Clear, colorless (pure chemical form)• Odorless• Small quantities, up to 5 gallons: glass or plastic• containers Large quantities, more than 5 gallons: plastic or steel• container Other names:• Glycol, Ethanediol, Monoethylene glycol Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities present• Chemical goggles• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Protective clothing• Ventilated area (open doors, windows, fans, fume• hoods) Hazards Ingestion can cause blindness and death• Mild eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near chemicals rich in oxygen, strong• acids, heat, and salts C2H6O2 Ethylene Glycol
  • 42. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Ethylene Glycol Commercial Uses Plastic manufacture• Antifreeze• Commercial explosives• Sources Automotive stores• Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product EGDN, pg xx• Also see NIOSH, CAS 107-21-1, ICSC 0179, and RTECS KW2975000 Example Commercial Product Packaging Antifreeze
  • 43. Key Identifiers Crystalline or solid• White• Slight ammonia-like odor• Small quantities: Up to 5 pounds, plastic bags• or containers Large quantities: More than 5 pounds,• containers or woven bags Other names:• Hexamethylenetetramine, Methenamine Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if• in dust form Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if in dust• form (open windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Flammable• Eye, skin, respiratory• irritant Should not be near• metals, peroxides, and chemicals rich in oxygen Should not be near heat,• humidity, and acids - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hexamine C6H12N4 Hexamine Tablet Burning Hexamine Tablets
  • 44. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hexamine Commercial Uses Camp stove fuel tablets• Antibiotics• Military explosives• Pyrotechnics• Sources Hardware supply stores• Camping / army surplus stores• Chemical supply stores• Pyrotechnic supply stores• Also see CAS 100-97-0, ICSC 1228, RTECS MN4725000, and ERG 133 (v 2004) Possible HME Product HMTD, pg xx• R-Salt• Camp Stove Fuel Tablets Camp Stove Kit
  • 45. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hydrochloric Acid Key Identifiers Liquid• Colorless to light yellow to greenish-yellow• Pungent, acrid, sour odor• Corrosive, leaves burn marks• Will burn nose• Makes eyes water• Can liberate chlorine gas• Various concentrations available• Small quantities, up to a gallon: glass or plastic• containers (varies by concentration) Large quantities, up to 55 gallons: lined steel drums,• plastic containers Other names:• Muriatic Acid Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities• present Safety glasses, chemical• goggles, face shields Impermeable gloves• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area (open doors,• windows, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Severe eye, skin, respiratory• irritant (severity depends on concentration) Ingestion may cause death• Corrosive• Should not be near anything• except other acids HCI Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 46. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hydrochloric Acid Commercial Uses Manufacture of plastics and some chemicals• Cleaning products• Sources Industrial supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Building supply stores• Possible HME Product TATP, pg xx• MEKP, pg XX• Also see NIOSH, CAS 7647-01-0, ICSC 0163, RTECS MW4025000, and ERG 157 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 47. Key Identifiers Liquid• Clear, colorless• Slightly pungent, caustic odor• Corrosive, leaves burn marks• Whitens skin on contact• Skin blisters• Peels paint, whitens materials• Various concentrations available• Easily concentrates to higher levels• Beautician grade may require state license to purchase• Small quantities, up to a half gallon:• glass or plastic containers (varies by concentration) Large quantities, 30 to 55 gallons: plastic, aluminum, or• stainless steel drums (varies by concentration) Other names:• Dihydrogen Dioxide, Hydroperoxide Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles, face shields• Impermeable gloves and acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities present or• concentrating (open windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant (severity depends on• concentration) Inhaled vapors can cause breathing difficulties• Concentrated vapors accumulate at ground level• Corrosive• Should not be near heat, light• Should not be near metals, metal salts, rust, dust• Should not be near flammable and combustible materials• 35% Concentration from Chemical Supply - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
  • 48. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) Commercial Uses Bleaching pulp and textiles• Bleaching hair• Disinfectants• Environmental clean-up• Pool water softeners• Therapeutic health baths• Sources Drug stores (under 8% concentrations)• Beauty supply stores (to about 35%• concentrations) Internet (up to 35% concentrations)• Chemical supply stores (up to 98%• concentrations) Possible HME Product HMTD, pg XX• TATP, pg XX• Hydrogen Peroxide• Mixtures, pg XX Also see NIOSH, CAS 7722-84-1, ICSC 0164, RTECS MX900000, MX0887000, and ERG 140, 143 (v 2004) 50% Concentrations from Chemical Supply in Various Quantities Beautician Grade HP Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 49. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Magnesium Powder Key Identifiers Powder or solid• Gray, black• Odorless• Small quantities, up to about a gallon: plastic and• steel containers Large quantities, more than 5 gallons: steel• containers Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large quantities present• Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities present (open• windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Mg Magnesium Powder
  • 50. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Magnesium Powder Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Extremely flammable• Contact with water releases flammable gases• Commercial Uses Manufacture of engines, cars, structural members• Pyrotechnics• Sources Hardware supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Pyrotechnic stores• Possible HME Product Flash Powders, pg xx• Also see CAS 7439-95-4, ICSC 0289, RTECS OM2100000, and ERG 138 (v 2004) Solid Magnesium
  • 51. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Methyl Ethyl Ketone Key Identifiers Liquid• Colorless• Sweet, minty, acetone-like,• agreeable odor Small quantities, up to about a• gallon: glass and metal containers Large quantities, More than 5• gallons: metal containers Dry or cracked skin• Evaporates quickly• Other names:• 2-Butanone, MEK Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses, chemical goggles• Impermeable gloves and apron• Protective clothing• Ventilated area (open doors, windows, fans, fume hoods)• C4H8O Methyl Ethyl Ketone Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 52. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Methyl Ethyl Ketone Hazards Extremely flammable• Vapors can be explosive• Vapors may be present in adjacent areas• Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness• Should not be near chemicals rich in oxygen• Should not be near caustic solutions such as lye• Commercial Uses Paint removers• Laboratory and industrial solvents• Plastics manufacture• Sources Hardware stores• Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product MEKP, pg xx• Also see CAS 78-93-3, ICSC 0179, RTECS EL6475000, and ERG 127 (v 2004) Typical MEK Product Packaging
  • 53. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Nitric Acid Key Identifiers Liquid• Red-brown at 90% concentration• Colorless to light yellow at 70% concentration• Pungent, acrid odor• Makes the eyes water• Corrosive• Turns skin yellow• Various concentrations available• Small quantities, up to a gallon:• glass containers Large quantities, up to about 55• gallons: lined steel drums, plastic containers Other names:• Spirit of Nitre, Aqua Fortis, Hydrogen Nitrate, Azotic Acid Equipment Safety: Respirator, if in high concentrations• Safety glasses, chemical goggles,• face shields Impermeable gloves• Acid-resistant aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans, fume hoods) Hazards Severe eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Severe skin burns• Inhalation can be fatal• Effects may be delayed (can be hours)• Should not be near fuels, powdered metals,• and combustibles HNO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 54. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Nitric Acid Commercial Uses Rocket propellants• Explosives manufacture• Fertilizer manufacture• Laboratory and industrial processes• Sources Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product Urea Nitrate, pg XX• EGDN, pg XX• TATP, pg XX• MEKP, pg XX• Hellhoffite and Nitrocellulose• Also see NIOSH, CAS 7697-37-2, ICSC 0183, RTECS QU5775000, and ERG 157 (v 2004) Nitric Acid Shipping Container for 100 ml
  • 55. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Nitromethane Key Identifiers Liquid, oily• Colorless• Fruity, disagreeable odor• Small quantities, up to a few gallons: glass, metal,• and plastic containers Large quantities, more• than a few gallons: stainless steel drums Other names:• nitrocarbol Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if• large quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Hazards Extremely flammable• Vapors flammable and susceptible to explosion• Susceptible to shock, static spark, flame, and other• ignition sources Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• May cause headache, shallow respiration,• dizziness, vomiting, weakness, and fall in blood pressure Nitromethane by itself can be explosive in hot,• confined areas Should not be near strong acids, oxygen-rich• chemicals, copper, some metals, combustible materials CH3NO2 Nitromethane
  • 56. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Nitromethane Commercial Uses Racing car fuel• Remote control vehicle fuel• Industrial solvent• Propellants and explosives• Also see NIOSH, CAS 75-52-5, ICSC 0522 RTECS PA9800000, and ERG 129 (v 2004) Sources Chemical supply stores• Racing fuel supply stores• Remote control hobbyist stores• Possible HME Product Ammonium nitrate mixtures, pg XX• Hydrogen peroxide mixtures, pg XX• Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 57. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Potassium Chlorate Key Identifiers Crystalline or powder• White• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a• few pounds: glass or plastic containers, plastic baggies Large quantities, up to about 50• pounds: sealed plastic bag inside a metal drum Other names:• Chlorate of Potash, Potassium Oxymuriate Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near metal• powders, flammables, and combustibles Commercial Uses Pyrotechnics• Strike anywhere matches• Herbicides• Oxygen candles• KCIO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Potassium Chlorate Powder Close-up
  • 58. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Potassium Chlorate Sources Pyrotechnic stores• Chemical supply stores• Grocery stores• Hardware supply stores• Possible HME Product Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures, pg XX• Also see CAS 3811-04-9, ICSC 0548, RTECS FO0350000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Strike Anywhere Matches Close-up of Potassium Chlorate
  • 59. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Potassium Nitrate Key Identifiers Crystalline, granular, or powder• White• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a few pounds:• glass or plastic containers Large quantities, up to about 50• pounds: sealed plastic bag inside a metal drum Other names:• Nitrate of Potash, Saltpeter Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near metal• powders, flammables, and combustibles Commercial Uses Propellants• Pyrotechnics• Food preservatives• (commercial) Fertilizers• Stump remover (some)• KNO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Potassium Nitrate Close-up
  • 60. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Potassium Nitrate Sources Agricultural supply stores• Pyrotechnic stores• Chemical supply stores• Hardware supply stores• Possible HME Product Black Powder, pg XX• Also see CAS 7757-79-1, ICSC 0184, RTECS TT3700000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Close-up of Stump Remover Pellets Close-up of Potassium Nitrate Stump Remover Not All Stump Remover Contains Potassium Nitrate X
  • 61. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Potassium Permanganate Key Identifiers Solid or crystalline• Dark purple, violet• Odorless• Stains skin brown• Stains most anything purple• Small quantities, up to a few pounds:• glass and plastic containers, plastic baggies Large quantities, more than a few• pounds: sealed plastic bag inside a metal drum Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Protective clothing• Impermeable gloves and aprons• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Severe eye, skin, respiratory• irritant Should not be near metals,• acids, fuels, peroxides, and combustibles KMnO4 Potassium Permanganate Close-up Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 62. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Potassium Permanganate Commercial Uses Algae control• Iron removal• Disinfectants• Water purification• Manufacture of organics• Sources Pool supply stores• Aquarium supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Possible HME Product Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures, pg xx• Permanganate / Glycerin Explosive Mixtures• Also see CAS 7722-64-7, ICSC 0672, RTECS SD6475000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Iron Filter Close-up Iron Filter Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 63. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Sodium Chlorate Key Identifiers Powder• White, colorless, or light yellow• Odorless• Small quantities, up to a few• pounds: glass or plastic containers Large quantities, more than a few• pounds: plastic-lined woven bags, heavy plastic bags or cartons, iron drums, knitted bags Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Protective clothing• Ventilated area, if large quantities• present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory• irritant Should not be near• combustibles, powdered metals, strong bases, and acids NaCIO3 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Sodium Chlorate Close-up
  • 64. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Sodium Chlorate Commercial Uses Herbicides• Bleaching pulp• Pyrotechnics• Sources Pyrotechnic stores• Chemical supply stores• Agricultural supply stores• Possible HME Product Chlorate / Perchlorate Mixtures, pg xx• Also see CAS 7775-09-9, ICSC 1117, RTECS FO0525000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 65. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Sulfur Key Identifiers Powder, chalky• Yellow• Odorless• When heated, smells like rotten eggs• Small quantities, up to a few pounds: paper/plastic• sacks, plastic containers Large quantities: cardboard and metal drums• Other names:• Sulphur Equipment Safety: Dust mask or• respirator, if large quantities present Safety glasses• Protective clothing• Ventilated area,• if large quantities present (open windows, doors, fans) Hazards Eye, skin, and• respiratory irritant Should not be near• chemicals rich in oxygen Commercial Uses Fertilizers• Fungicides• Matches• Soil additive• Sulfur from Chemical Supply Close-up
  • 66. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Sulfur Sources Agricultural supply stores• Chemical supply stores• Farm and feed stores• Garden supply stores• Possible HME Product • Flash Powders, pg xx • In combination with various chemicals rich in oxygen Also see CAS 7704-34-9, ICSC 1166, RTECS WS4250000, and ERG 133 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 67. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Sulfuric Acid Key Identifiers Liquid, may be viscous• Colorless• Pungent, acrid odor• Various concentrations available• Small quantities, up to about a gallon:• glass or plastic containers Large quantities, more than a• gallon: carbon steel, stainless steel, polyethylene containers Other names:• Vitriol, Oleum, Hydrogen sulfate Equipment Safety: Respirator, if large quantities or high• concentrations present Safety glasses, chemical goggles,• face shields Impermeable gloves• Acid-resistant apron• Hazards Severe eye, skin respiratory irritant• (severity depends on concentration) Severe skin burns• Corrosive• Do not add water• Should not be near chemicals rich in• oxygen Should not be near flammables,• combustibles, and caustic solutions such as lye H2SO4 Typical Chemical Supply Packaging
  • 68. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Sulfuric Acid Commercial Uses Drain pipe cleaners• Automotive batteries• Polymer manufacture• Fertilizer manufacture• Chemical manufacture• Oil refining• Sources • Automotive supply stores • Chemical supply stores • Industrial supply stores Possible HME Product • EGDN, pg xx • MEKP, pg xx • TATP, pg xx Also see NIOSH, CAS 7664-93-9, ICSC 0362, RTECS WS5600000, and ERG 137 (v 2004) Car Battery Acid Pipe Drain Cleaners
  • 69. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Urea Key Identifiers Crystalline, granular, or powder• White• Ammonia-like odor• Small quantities, up to a few pounds:• glass or plastic containers Large quantities, up to about 50• pounds: sealed plastic containers or bags Other names:• Carbamide, Carbonyl Diamide Equipment Safety: Dust mask or respirator, if large• quantities present Safety glasses• Impermeable gloves• Protective clothing• Hazards Eye, skin, respiratory irritant• Should not be near• chemicals rich in oxygen C1H4N2O Typical Chemical Supply Packaging Urea Close-up
  • 70. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -# Urea Commercial Uses Fertilizers• Road de-icers• Food supplement• Manufacture of plastics• Sources Agricultural supply stores• Hardware supply stores• Possible HME Product Urea Nitrate, pg xx• Also see CAS 57-13-6, ICSC 0595, RTECS YR6250000, and ERG 140 (v 2004) Example Commercial Product Packaging
  • 71. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - #- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURINGEQUIPMENT Bucket & Plastic Ware Coffee Grinder Slow Cooker Coffee Pot Filters / Funnels Mortar / Pestle Gloves & Goggles Suspicious Venting Hot Plate Ice Baths Glassware The manufacturing equipment will depend on the homemade explosive. The equipment may be scientific, simplistic, or improvised to provide grinding, mixing, stirring, distilling, filtering, and cooling capabilities. Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 7Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 7 12/4/2007 11:23:42 AM12/4/2007 11:23:42 AM
  • 72. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # BACK OF TAB PAGE WILL BE BLANK Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 8Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 8 12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM
  • 73. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Grinders reduce the granule size of solid components. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: Am• monium nitrate mixtures Black powder• Chlorate / perchlorate mixtures• Grinders Mortar/Pestle Small Electric Coffee Grinder Ball Mill Handheld Electric Coffee Grinder Commercial Grade Coffee Grinder
  • 74. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Mixers physically blend components. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: Am• monium nitrate mixtures Black powder• Chlorate / perchlorate mixtures• Stirrers combine liquid components. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: EGDN• HMTD• Hydrogen peroxide mixtures• MEKP• TATP• Urea Nitrate• Mixers and Stirrers # Blenders / Mixers Magnetic Stirrers Suspicious Buckets / Plastic Ware
  • 75. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Ice baths cool mixtures that generate heat. Bath water could be ice with salted water or dry ice with acetone. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: E• GDN HMTD• Hydrogen peroxide• mixtures MEKP• TATP• Urea Nitrate• Ice Baths Glass Containers in Ice Chest
  • 76. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Distillers concentrate chemical components with low-level heat. Distillers may include complex scientific equipment or household items used in improvised methods. Distillers # Stovetop with Pot Slow Cooker Rotovap Coffee Pot Hot Plate
  • 77. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - # Filters separate the solids from the liquids. Commonly used in the production of these homemade explosives: HMTD• Hydrogen peroxide mixtures• TATP• Urea nitrate• Filters Coffee FiltersCoffee FiltersFilter Funnels Coffee Filter Used with Funnel and Jar
  • 78. Safety equipment provides personal protection. It may prevent the formation of physical indicators such as whitening skin. Safety equipment may or may not be present, or could be improvised. - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - Safety Equipment # Rubber Gloves Face Shield N95 Dust Mask and Vapor Mask Flexible Dryer Vent Pipe Safety GogglesSafety Goggles
  • 79. Additional Resources Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) assigns a unique registry number for every chemical to facilitate information gathering. NIOSH, ERG, MSDS, and product labels include this number. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) aids first responders to identify hazardous materials at an incident and recommends personal protection for the type of hazard. EOD Technical Manual 9 – 1300 Series supports the Department of Defense EOD personnel. International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) facilitates the exchange of chemical information for the occupational safety and health of workers. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are standardized government product forms completed and made available by the manufacturer to summarize the chemical constituents, hazards, handling, storage, and other recommendations for each product. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pocket Guide is a source of general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals, including exposure limits and recommended protective measures for chemicals. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) presents the toxicity of chemicals as taken from open literature sources. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) develops codes and standards, amongst other missions, to reduce the burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life. NFPA codes relative to this booklet: • NFPA 490 Code for the Storage of Ammonium Nitrate • NFPA 495 Explosives Materials Code • NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 9Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 9 12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM
  • 80. Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 10Flipbook Cover-Tabs Concept.indd 10 12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM12/4/2007 11:23:44 AM