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Best ppt on explosives
1. EXPLOSIVES
• An explosive may be defined as chemical compound which on
initiation undergoes a sudden and rapid chemical change
producing a large quantity of energy in the form of gases at
high temperature and pressure.
• Essential of an explosive
• Must be capable of producing gas
• Must be capable of producing energy
• 1&2 must occur very rapidly
• 1,2&3 must be self sustaining and must continue throughout
the mass
3. CLASSIFICATION OF
EXPLOSIVES
• LOW EXPLOSIVES HIGH EXPLOSIVES
Black Powder Smokeless
powder
Potassium
Nitrate
Charcoal
Sulphur
75:15:10
Single base
Double
base
Triple base
Primary
explosives Secondary explosives
Mercury fulminate
Lead azide
Tetrazene
Lead Styphnate
e.g. Detonators &
Primers
Military
explosiv
es
Industrial
explosives
RDX
TNT
HMX
PETN
Tetryl
NG
NC
Dynamite
Amm Nitrate
Sod.Nitrate
Fuel Oil
Water explosives
4. Classification
• Based on performance & Structure
Explosives
Pure Compounds Mixtures
High Explosives Primary Explosives High Explosives Low Explosives
Nitro (-NO2)
Nitrate (-ONOs)
Nitroso(-NO)
Nitromines (.NNO2)
Salts of Inorganic
acids
Main explosives
Ingredients (mainly
Stabilizers &
Plasticizers)
Propellants
Pyrotechnics
6. PRIMARY HIGH EXPLOSIVES
INITIATORS
• CHARACTERISTICS
• SENSITIVE TO IMPACT, FRICTION AND SHOCK
• SENSITIVE TO HEAT AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• USED IN DETONATORS OR TO TRIGGER CHARGES
• SENSITIVE TO STATIC CHARGE
7. SECONDARY HIGH EXPLOSIVES
• REQUIRE MORE ENERGY TO INTIATE
• LOW SENSITIVE TO IMPACT, FRICTION, SHOCK
• HIGH DENSITY
• HIGH HEAT RELEASE
• LOW VOLATILITY
8. EXPLOSIVES (USES)
civil DEFENCE SPACE
VIL EXPLOSIVES
FIRE WORKS
HIGH EXPLOSIVES
PROPELLANTS(GUN, ROCKET,MORTAR, SMALL ARM)
PYROTECHNIQUES
INITIATORS
ROCKET PROP.
PYRO DEVICES
9. DEFLAGRATING OR LOW
EXPLOSIVES
• THESE ARE SUBSTANCES WHICH CAN BE
TRANSFORMED AT A CONTROLLED RATE INTO
GASEOUS PRODUCTS FOR PERFORMING USEFUL
WORK
• GUN PROPELLANT
• a) SINGLE BASE NC/STABILISER
• b) DOUBLE BASE NC/NG/STABILISER
• c) TRIPLE BASE
NC/NG/PICRITE/STABILISER
• ROCKET PROPELLANT
• a) SOLID PROPELLANT
• b) LIQUID PROPELLANT
10. Detonation
• This is a phenomena characterised by an almost instantaneous
disruption of the molecular structure followed usually by a
recombination of the elements in a different way. Detonation
travel through material as a wave and not as a flash. It is
essentially a dynamic effect
• A . Primary Explosives
• B. Intermediate Explosives
• C. Secondary High Explosives
11. Explosives used by Militants these
days
• 1) Black coloured explosive mixtures (flexible)
• Composition:-
• a) RDX – 90%
• b) Carbon – 10%
• C) Binder 10%
• (mobile oil or motor oil)
• 2) White coloured flexible masses composition
• a) PETN 85%
• b) Heavy material 15%
• (plasticizers)
• 3) Yellow brown coloured solid masses composition
• a) TNT 65%
• b) NH4NO3 35%
• 4) Nitroglycerine 65%
• Na+NO3 15%
• Saw dust 10%
• 5) RDX + PETN + Aluminium
12. INITIATION DEVICES
ENCOUNTERED IN TERRORISTS
CASES IN NORTHERN INDIA
• YEAR DEVICES REMARKS
1981-84 Fuse cord, Electric and Operator is present
non electric detonators
1984-85 Alarm clocks Time device Operator is present
1985-91 Remote Controls with cord Operator is present
Remote Controls Cordless
Trip Wire Conditional time Operator is not present
Devices
Light differential register
Claymore
1991 onwards Time Pencil Time delay Operator is not present
Socked channas devices
13. INITIATION AND DETONATION
DEVICES
• FUSE CORD
• ELECTRIC & NON-ELECTRIC DETONATOR
• REMOTE CORD CONTROL DEVICE
• REMOTE CORDLESS CONTROL DEVICES(DIGITAL
PROPORTIONAL RADIO CONTROL SYSTEM)
• ELECTRONIC BELL TYPE
• LIGHT DIFFERENTIAL RESISTOR (LDR)
• ANTI PERSONNEL JUMPING MINE
• TIME MECHANISMS (Clock, pencil, channas)
• MECHANICAL TRIP WIRES AND DIRECT POWER
SUPPLY FROM 12V BATTERY OF TRUCKS, CARS ETC.
14. INITIATION MECHANISM
• (A) DELAY MECHANISM
• CLOCK WORK
• THERMAL
• COLLAPSING CIRCUIT
• ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
• MATERIAL FATIGUE
• CHEMICAL
• WATER DRIP
• EXPANDING SEED
15. • B) AMBIENT CONDITION
• TEMP SENSITIVITY
• SMOKE/GAS
• METAL SENSITIVITY
• ACOUSTIC
• BAROMETRIC
• PROXIMITY
• SIESMIC (VIBRATIONS)
• LIGHT/IR SENSITIVITY
• X RAY SENSITIVITY
• HUMIDITY
16. • C) LIFT/TILT MECHANISM
• RADIO TRANSMISSION (AMF RADIO)
• RADAR BEAM
• RADIO CONTROL
• ULTRASONIC CONTROL
• INFRARED BEAM
• POST OFFICE BLEEPER SYSTEM
• COMMAND WIRE MECHANISM
• D) COMMAND MECHANISM
22. Mechanical Delay : Clock work / Mechanical
delay
Chemical Delay : Time pencil, acid container.
Electronic Delay : Electronic timer.
Thermal Delay : Thermal switch, bimetallic
strip.
Improvised Delay : Collapsing circuit, water
filling delay, expanding
seeds , water drip delay.
Pyrotechnic Delay : Safety fuse.
23. THE IMPORTANT POINTS WHICH
CROP UP HERE
• TERRORIST GROUP
• FINANCE
• a) LOCAL
• b) NATIONAL LEVEL
• c) INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
• CONTRACTORS FOR SABOTAGE
• CONTRACTS FOR RESOURCES
24. • This is necessary because this will give an idea about the terrorist group
involved, their modus operandi, their financial status etc. like:-
• Terrorist Group : Beginners or well established
• Finance: Local (Restricted to State or Distt.)
• National Level (inside the country)
An international level
• Contracts: i) Restricted (Local or state)
ii) At National level
iii) At International level
Contracts for procuring explosives of IED
i) From Local mixtures
ii) Imported
iii) Imported technology (Remote etc. LDR, Trip, Claymore)
25. Sr.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Explosive
Chemicals
Dynamite sticks
Tetryl
TNT
RDX
Composition
C4(Plastic
explosive)
Composition C3
(Plastic explosive)
Mixture
Nitroglycerine
and insert
absorbent
(kieselghur,
wood pulp,
starch, plastics
etc.
Tetryl used in
military
ammunition as a
booster explosive
& in small loud
mines as a main
charges because
of its shattering
effect.
Tri Nitro toluene
Cyclonite
RDX with binder
Plastic used
RDX with
binder/plastic
Nature of
Explosives
High
Secondary
High
High
Very High
Very high
Very high
Appearance
Light
brownish
yellow
Yellow
Slew colour
White
Dirty white
to light
brown
Yellowish
