This document discusses various electric vehicle technologies including electric bikes, cars, vans, trucks and buses. It provides details on different battery technologies used for electric vehicles such as lead acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries. The document specifically focuses on lead acid battery technologies that are suitable for electric three-wheelers or e-rickshaws due to their high energy density and good cycle life. It also lists considerations for the implementation and expansion of electric vehicle technologies and e-rickshaws in various markets.

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Electric Bikes
Electric two / three wheeler
Electric/ Hybrid Cars
Electric/Hybrid Vans
Electric/Hybrid Trucks
Electric/Hybrid Buses

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Hi Cost
Low cost, good recycle ability
maintenance free, good power
Cadmium problem
stopped, only NaNiCl2 (Zebra)
High material cost
Low material cost
Fuel cell
Lead acid
NiCd
NiMeH
Lithium
Zebra

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PARAMETER VALUE
Traction motor BLDC 0.8-1.2 KW
Battery Pack 48V 100-110Ah@c10
Max Speed 30 Km/hr
Range per Charge 70-80 Km
Pay Load Approx 350 kg
Gross Vehicle
Weight
Approx 600 Kg

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Customer Type Battery Technology Battery Pack COST
Cost conscious
(mass market)
Lead acid thin tubular
plate battery
12V 100Ah@c10 *
4
1x
Better option
VRLA Gel battery
(OPzV or Flat plate)
12V 100Ah@c10 *
4
1.3x
Premium
customers
Lithium Ion battery 48V 50/60Ah@c1 5x

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LA Battery Technology for Electric Three
Wheeler (E-Rickshaw)
Flooded lead acid
thin tubular plate technology
high energy density, good cycle life
VR (Gel) lead acid
Flat / thin tubular plate
maintenance free, good cycle life

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Lead acid
Lead acidNi-Cd
Li
NiMeH NiMeH
NiMeH
Li
Li
Lead acid
Lead acid
TODAY TOMORROW
Lead acid
Lead acid
Li
Li

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1. Use only for suitable selected applications
(EV’s cannot replace ICE vehicles everywhere)
2. Use technology which fits to the country
(i.e. of fuel cell technology not applicable
to third world countries - Capital investment
far too high)
3. Use reliable technology
(use only proven components)
4. Develop new marketing strategies for EV
applications.
Implementation of EV’s
Need to be considered

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Implementation of E-Rickshaw’s
Expansion of the market should not be a problem:
•emission free
•very low noise
•low energy cost (energy cost per mile or km)
•low maintenance cost

16. Thank
You!
- Ketan Patel (+91 7600919719,
ketanjp2@yahoo.in) 16