Group 34 fyp_presentation

Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
Synchronization and ATS at Smart Grid
Group No: 34
Project Advisor: Dr. Sohail Aftab Qureshi
Undergraduate Final Year Project Presentation
Dated: 5th April, 2018

Team Introduction
Hira Mahmood(Team Leader)
2014-EE-157
Specialization: Power
Sana Amer
2014-EE-160
Sumbal Mehmood
2014-EE-161
Ahmed Khan
2014-EE-185

Problem Statement
• As Load shedding is very high in our country, we do
not want our supply to be interrupted every time when
power outage occurs. In general, when WAPDA supply
goes off their is an interruption in the supply and after a
speciﬁc interval of time, the generator starts working.
• However we want to have an uninterrupted supply even
when the WAPDA supply is available or not.

Proposed Solution
ATS Synchronization approach is implemented in this
project.
• Using automatic transfer switch ATS, a seamless
transition between two sources is obtained to ensure
continuous electrical supply to avoid blackouts.
• According to load demand the utility grid and genset
are synchronized through module and hence
uninterrupted supply is available to the load.

Automatic Transfer Switch
An automatic transfer switch (ATS) is an electrical switch
that switches a load between two sources.
• A transfer switch in general seeks to simplify and
provide safety when making use of a generator [1].
• The transfer switch diverts power from your utility to
your generator quickly and easily.

• In the case of a manual switch, this is done, of course,
manually through a lever or similar device.
• But in the case of an automatic switch, the entire
process occurs instantly, providing you generator power
in the split of a second in the event of an outage.

Synchronization
For a generator to be synchronized with grid following
conditions are checked.
• Voltage Magnitude
• Frequency
• Phase Angle
• Phase Sequence

Now the question is why synchronization is needed. The
answer is
• When a single load is more than the capacity of
feeding Genset either during running or during starting.
• When load has to be transferred from one Genset to
other without interruption.

Soft Loading
A Soft Load is a type of closed transition in which the
switch synchronizes the two power sources and then
makes connects them in parallel so that an uninterrupted
supply of power can be generated for the sensitive or
critical loads [2].

Block Diagram
Control Signals

Basic Components
• Current Transformers
• Miniature Circuit Breaker(MCBs)
• Molded Case Circuit Breaker(MCCBs)
• Magnetic Contactors
• Synchronization module-GC-400(mains)

Current Transformers
• Level transformation
• Metering CTs-to monitor current provided to load
• 1 CT with main power source
• 3 CTs with the alternative source i.e. generator

MCCB
• Protects during abnormal working of the Power circuit
(high power requirement)
• Operate as automatic switch that opens in case of high
current flow
• Adjustable tripping characteristics

MCB
• Provide protection during abnormal working of the
control circuit (low power requirement)
• operates as switch that opens in the event of excessive
current flow once the circuit returns to normal, it can be
reclosed automatically.
• Non-adjustable tripping characteristics

Magnetic Contactor
• Electrically controlled switch used for switching more
than 15 A
• Similar to a relay except with high current ratings
• Control and suppress arc produced when interrupting
heavy current

Synchronization Module
• Synchronization module-GC-400 mains
• Used for synchronization of the main power source and
alternative source
• To provide an un-interrupted power supply

Flow
Diagram
Incoming
from
WAPDA
24 V DC
Charger
Incoming
from
Generator
MCCB MCB
CT CT
MODULE
Magnetic
Contactor
Magnetic
Contactor
CT
Load
3x
CT
1x
CT
3x
MCB
3x
MCB
3x
CT
MCCBMCB

• Two incoming terminals are provided one for the mains
and the other for the emergency source.
• A 24 V DC Charger is also provided to energize the
ATS and load sharing module.
• The current transformers scale the large value current
to small, standardized value of 5 A.

• The CTs and MCCBs are used in power circuit whereas
the MCBs are used to send control signals to the
module.
• The module further controls the magnetic contactors
such that the load is supplied by either of the two
sources or by synchronism of the two sources if
demand increases.

Transfer sequence steps
• A short while before normal power source fails; the
genset is synchronized with the main power supply.
• When the main power source fails the transfer switch
breaks its connection to the mains and shifts the
electrical load to the genset.

• When main power is restored, the transfer switch
returns the load from the generator to the normal one.
• In this way any blackout or power interruption to the
load is avoided.

What we have done so far?
So far we are done with
• Power circuit of hardware
• Wiring of control circuit
• Working on module Programming

Hardware Developed

Applications
Un-interruptible Power Supply
• Power blackout protection
• No hindrance
Shift to Automation
• Manual to Automatic
• Reliability

Applications
Load-Sharing Function
• Managing Heavy Loads
• Optimizing Voltage
Accident Avoiding System
• Less chances of damage
• Avoiding Damages Due To
Manual Operation

Applications
Seamless transition between two sources
• Smooth flow of Power
• No Sparking.

Future Deliverables
• Remote
Management of
Power Events
• Control through
mobile phone

Gantt Chart
3/28/2018
4/25/2018
11
16
REMOTE MANAGMET
CONTROL THROUGH MOBILE
PHONE
Gantt Chart

References
• [1]"Eaton's automatic transfer switch line for
emergency power", Eaton.com, 2018. [Online].
Available:
http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/ProductsServices/Electric
al/ProductsandServices/ElectricalDistribution/ANSINE
MAPowerDistributionandControlSystems/ATS/index.h
tm. [Accessed: 31- Mar- 2018]

References
• [2]"Soft Loading Transfer Switch", Electrical
engineering Community, 2018. [Online].
Available: http://engineering.electrical-
equipment.org/panel-building/soft-loading-
transfer-switch.html. [Accessed: 31- Mar-
2018].

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