This slide mainly discusses the logical framework analysis with empirical example.

1. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
ANALYSIS
Mohammad Kawsar Ahammed
Habib Khan
Zarin Tasneem
Shahriaz Ahmmed

2. WHAT IS AN LFA?
Logical framework analysis is an analytical tool which is used in all
stages in the project cycle, planning, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation.
An outcome of using the LFA is the production of a 4X4 matrix
(commonly known as the ‘‘log frame’’) which is a tool for
analyzing and presenting project strategies.

3. THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX

4. THE CASE:
The textile and ready-made garments (RMG) industry is a major driver of the Bangladesh
economy, accounting for nearly 80% of export earnings and contributing more than 12% of
national GDP. ‘Made in-Bangladesh’ is an internationally recognized badge of quality and has
bolstered the country’s image worldwide. Annual turnover of nearly 23 billion USD is predicted
to more than double to 50 billion USD by 2021. About 95% of the factories are Bangladeshi
owned and about 80% of the 4.4 million employees are women.
Textiles contributes around 40% of this sector’s value and comprises about 1,700 washing dyeing
and finishing (WDF) factories manufacturing fabrics for export or as sub-contractors.
However, the textile industry plays a contradictory role in the socio-economic and environmental
development of Bangladesh. On the plus side, textile firms are major employers that contribute to
wealth and prosperity. On the debit side, they are destroying the surrounding environment on
which marginal farmers and others depend for their livelihoods. The worker of these garments are
also affected by the results.

5. THE CASE
Recently, environmentalist organizations ( BAPA, BELA) have also joined
the bandwagon, highlighting the environmental consequences of
garments industries and its impact on livelihoods and aquatic flora and
fauna in the electronic and print asking the government to take care of the
issue of both the workers and the environment .
The government is holding a workshop with all the stakeholders to resolve
the quandary.

6. CASE STUDY OF LFA
The very first step of the LFA is to conduct a workshop/roundtable
discussion to find the parties involved and identify the cause of the
problem.
A ‘context’ analysis of the project environment, (in this case garments
located near the rivers) and observation of factors important to
achieve given objective (greater cooperation between stakeholders),
followed by a SWOT analysis.

7. SWOT ANALYSIS
• Negative Externality:
Harmful impact on the
environment and peoples
livelihood
• Inability to ensure labor
safety
Introduce effluent treatment
plan technology which will
decrease environmental
pollution
Indigenous migration
problem
• Employment Creation
and Contribution to GDP
• Positive Externality:
Facilitates other
subsidiary industries

8. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Stakeholder analysis in project management is the process of
identifying the impact of a decision on relevant parties. This
information is used to assess how the interests of those
stakeholders should be addressed in a project plan, policy,
program, or other action.

9. STAKEHOLDERS
Primary
• Labor
• Proprietors of
garments industry
• Residents and external
workers of that area
Secondary
• Ministry of
Environment/Department of
Environment
• Ministry of Labor and
Employment
External
• International Labor
Organization (ILO)
• Environmentalist
organization
(BELA/BAPA)

10. PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS
Primary Stakeholder Problems Interest Potential Linkages
Labor • Health hazard
• No financial
protection in any
adverse occurrence
• Loss of job
• Ensured maximum
safety at work
• Provision for
compensation/
insurance
• Trade/ labor union
• Increased
productivity if non
pecuniary benefits
are provided
They might leave the
job and move to a
better job
Proprietors of garments
industry
• Loss of labor
• Rising labor cost
• Reduced profit
margin
• Environment
friendly process
leads to reduction of
ill will.
Cartel or alliance has
direct access to
government
Labor intensive
industry leads to high
dependency workers

11. SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER
Secondary
Stakeholder
Problem Interest Potential Linkages
Ministry of Labor
and Employment
Negligence towards
workers
exploitation.
Ensuring worker’s
welfare to maintain
good public image
Ability to directly
influence the
problem
They can take
necessary legal
steps for violating
any regulations
Ministry of
Environment
Negligence towards
workers
exploitation.
Mitigating and
controlling
pollution
Ability to impose
restrictions on
garments owners
Requires
cooperation from
ministry of labor as
well as external
stakeholders.
(environmentalist)

12. EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS
External
Stakeholders
Problem Interest Potential Linkages
ILO Global organization
raising voice for
worker’s protection
Raise public awareness Internationally they can
pressurize the
government
Environmentalist
organizations
(BELA/BAPA)
They have been
criticized in society for
their inactivity
Promote environmental
sustainability
Raise public awareness
through seminars,
workshops
They can take help
from the media for their
advocacy

13. PROBLEM ANALYSIS
 To decide whether the high number of health hazards of both the
internal and external workers or environmental impacts should be
considered as the focal problem
 The following problem tree of substantive and direct causes and effect
can be established

14. PROBLEM TREE ILO pressure
No job
security
Little
Income
Violation of
worker's rights
No proper guidelines for
labor employment
Lack of proper labor
awareness
Power of
garments owner
Little Educational
qualification
Unskilled labor
supply
Effect
Cause
Weakness of
legal framework

15. PROBLEM TREE (CONTD.)
BAPA movement
Reduced income
Serious health
hazards of Workers
Fishermen’s
livelihood affected
Adverse environmental impact
Pollutants
discharged Effluents
residuals
Toxic fume
produced by the
Garments
Effect
Cause
No Effluent
Treatment
Plant (ETP)
Reduced
productivity

16. OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS
Through the objective analysis the desirable future situation, which the
project hopes to contribute is described. Long-term social and or
economic benefits, to which the project will contribute are defined

17. OBJECTIVE TREE:
Increased contribution to GDP
Government praised for role
Satisfied ILOSatisfied workers
Worker’s rights are
protected
Provision of medical
facilities
Formal Job
contract
Better pay and working
conditions
Better health of
workers
Attracts more
workers
Effect
Cause
Increased
productivity

18. OBJECTIVE TREE (CONTD.)
Risk to aquatic
life reduced
ETP to treat
pollution
Environment
friendly technology
Strict rules &
Regulations
Effect
Cause
Mitigate the harmful
impact on environment
Environmental
pollution
decreased
Reduced water
pollution

19. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
 Objectives which can not be achieved should be eliminated. The workshop
should decide whether the demands of environmentalist are pragmatic
 Bearing in mind the result of the participation analysis, alternative options are
identified from the objective tree. In this case there are three obvious
alternatives.
 Option 1: Introduce environment friendly methods
 Option 2: PPE for workers
 Option 3: Option1+Option 2

20. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
Selection criteria Option 1:
Environment
Sensitive
measures (ETP)
Option 2 :
PPE for workers
Option3=1+2
combined
Cost High High High
Chance of success High High High
Cost/Benefit High High High
Time horizon Long Short Long
Social risk Small Small Small

21. OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS
(OVI)
 Goal
 Measures (direct or indirect) to verify to what extent the goal is fulfilled.
 Purpose
 Measures (direct or indirect) to verify to what extent the purpose is fulfilled.
 Outputs
 Measures (direct or indirect) to verify to what extent the outputs are produced.
 Activities (Inputs)
 Goods, people and services necessary to undertake the activities

22. SOURCES OF VERIFICATION (SOV)
 Goal
 The sources of data necessary to verify status of goal level
indicators.
 Purpose
 The sources of data necessary to verify status of purpose level
indicators.
 Outputs
 The sources of data necessary to verify status of output level
indicators.
 Activities
 The sources of data necessary to verify status of activity level
indicators.

23. ASSUMPTION ANALYSIS
Sets of assumptions (concerning conditions required for the desired
project story to happen, and about factors external to the project) are
specified in the final column of the LF matrix.
The levels of objectives and the linking assumptions should be coherently
connected, in a vertical logic.
At each level the objectives and indicators should be coherently
connected too, as the horizontal logic.

24. Development Indicators
• Better and healthy working
conditions
• Less pollution
OVI (objectively verified indicators)
• Grievances among workers
addressed
• Productivity of workers will be
increased
SOV (Sources of verification)
• KII (Key Informants Interview)
• EIA
• Number of people being sick
among workers
• Water Quality Monitoring
Assumption/External factor/Risk
• Regular Monitoring required by
experienced expert from BCSIR
• Transparency while preparing
reports
Purpose
• Reduced health risks
• Restored livelihood
OVI
Environment pollution reduced 50%
SOV
• Monthly medical check up at
local health center
• Health surveys
Assumption/External factor/Risk
• Workers may be manipulated/
threatened by owner group
• Availability of good doctors
• Difficult to quantify the economic
cost of pollution
Output
• Health insurance for workers
• PPE
• ETP
OVI
• Increased costs for garments
owners
• ETP will significantly reduce
pollution by 40-45%
SOV
• Selected Bank or financial
institution providing security
• Regulatory body observing
whether ETP are properly
functioning
Assumption/External factor/Risk
• Owners may be reluctant to
purchase PPE or provide inferior
quality gloves, goggles, masks
• Government will have to subsidize
import of ETP machinery which
are expensive
Activity
• Government enforcement
• Tax imposition
Input
• Safety precautions will have to
be circulated
cost
• . Safety pamphlets
Assumption/External factor/Risk
• Corruption within NBR
• If taxes are too low and does not
affect production cost significantly
pollution may continue

25. POWERED BY :
DEVIANT