5 th cranial nerve

1. TRIGEMINAL NERVE
5THCRANIAL NERVE

2. Trigeminal nerve
Largest cranial nerve
Mixed type of nerve
Both sensory and motor

3. Trigeminal nerve
Motor supply
Muscles of
mastication
Anterior belly of
digastric
Mylohyoid
sensory supply :
To face
Greater part of
scalp
Teeth
Oral and nasal

4. Nuclear origin
Chief Sensory nucleus
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal
Mesencephalic nucleus
Motor nucleus
Nuclei present in pons and medulla

6. Functional components
GSA_for tactile sensibilities,pain and
temperature
sensation,proprioseptive from
muscles of mastication
SVE_motor supply to muscles
developing from first pharyngeal
arch mesoderm

7. Roots
 Small Motor root :arises from ventral aspect of
pons medial to sensory root
 Large sensory root: emerges from pons ventrally
 Runs forward
 Laterally
 Over the apex of piteous part of temporal bone
 Sensory root shows an enlargement at
here:known as trigeminal ganglion
(gasserian ganglia)

9. Course of the nerve

11. INTRACRANIAL COURSE OF
TRIGEMINAL NERVE

12. Contd

14. Trigeminal ganglion
 2 in number
 On both sides
 Located in Meckel’s
cave at apex of piteous
temporal
 Ganglion divides into 3
1. Opthalmic
2. Maxillary

16. Motor fibres supply
Massator
Temporalis

17. Medial and
lateral pterygoid

18. Mylohyoid

19.  Anterior belly of
Digastric muscle

20. Tensor tympani
muscle of ear

21. Branches and distribution

23. Divisions.....
1.Opthalmic Nerve(V1)
 Arises from anteromedial
part of trigeminal ganglion
 Pierces dura of trigeminal
cave
 Comes to lie in lateral wall of
Cavernous sinus
Below the TROCHLEAR
NERVE
 Passing forward
Divides Into 3 branch

24. Ophthalmic branches
 Lacrimal: runs along lateral wall of orbit
Ends in lacrimal gland
Some branches supply conjunctiva and skin of upper
eyelid
 Frontal: runs between periosteum lining of orbit and
levator palpebrae superioris
Ends by dividing into Supra trochlear and supra orbital
branches
1. Supra orbital:reaches the supraorbital notch and curves
upward to supply the scalp upto lambdoid suture

25. Ophthalmic branches
 Nasociliary:lies between
optic nerve and lateral
rectums , reaches the
medial wall of orbit
Ends by dividing into
anterior ethmoidal and
infratrochlear nerves

26. Opthalmic cond...
 Leave the cranial cavity
through superior orbital
fissure to orbital cavity
 Supplies: Eyeball,conjuctiva,
upper part of nasal cavity
 Lacrimal gland,skin of
forehead,the external nose
and eyelid
 Also forms afferent limb to
corneal reflex

27. 2.Maxillary Nerve (V2)
 Maxillary nerve leave the skull through foramen
rotendum
 To enter pterygopalatine fossa
 Enters the orbit through inferior orbital fissure
 Continue as Infraorbital nerve
 It leaves the skull through Infraorbital foramen to
emerge on Face
 So maxillary courses middle cranial fossa,
pterygopalatine fossa, orbit,and face

28. Maxillary Nerve Branches
1. Meningeal in middle cranial fossa
2. Ganglion branches in pterygopalatine fossa
3. Zygomatic nerve
4. Posterior superior alveolar nerve in pterygopalatine fossa
5. Middle superior alveolar in orbit
6. Palpebral
7. Lateral nasal
8. labial
Branches in
the face

29. Maxillary nerve branches

33. Have no functional relationship with
ganglion
Leave through different branches

40. 3.Mandibular Nerve (V3)
 Formed by the union of two roots
 Formation
Sensory And motor root leave the 💀 through foramen ovale
And unites just below the foramen to form main trunk
Then enters into infratemporal fossa
Passes a short downward course Anterior _smaller
Then divides into posterior_larger

42. Mandibular nerve
Branches from the main trunk:
1.Meningeal branch:
Emerging after the union of root’s
Enters the foramen spinosum
Accompanies middle meningeal arteries
Supplies the Dura of middle cranial fossa

44. Nerve to medial pterygoid
Supplies muscle
Gives a branch to otic
ganglion
Fibres pass through
ganglion with out relay
And supplies tensor
tympani and tensor palatini
muscles

46. Mandibular nerve Branches
Branches from the anterior
division
1.Buccal nerve
2.Nerve to masseter
3.Nerve to lateral pterigoid
4.Deep temporal nerves

47. Mandibular nerve branches
Buccal Nerve
Sensory
Passes downward and forward
Through the muscles of infra temporal
fossa
Reaches the buccinator
And supplies skin over muscle and
mucosa deep to it

49. Mandibular nerve Branches
 Muscular Branches
 Masseteric nerve
Passess in front of neck of mandible
To reach masseter
 Lateral pterygoid nerve
May be arises from anterior division or from
buccal nerve
 Temporalis_ anterior, middle and posterior
 Passess upward to reach undersurface of
temporalis

51. Branches the position division
1.Auriculotemporal Nerve
2.Lingual Nerve
3.Inferior alveolar nerve

52. Auriculotemporal
Nerve
Arises by two roots
Which form a ring through
which middle meningeal
arteries passes upward
Runs to Infra temporal fossa
Deep to neck of mandible
Laterally behind TMJ in
relation to parotid
Runs upward into the
scalp
Supplies skin over
temple and
secretomotor to

54. Lingual Nerve
Upper part runs downwards
deep to lateral pterygoid
muscle
Joined with chorda tympani
Nerve
Enters the mouth
Lies deep to mucous
membrane over medial
surface of mandible just
below the 3rd molar teeth.
Then enters side of tongue
Crosses styloglossus runs across the
lateral surface of hyoglossusThen
passes on genioglossus and divides
into number of branches

57. Inferior alveolar
nerve
 Upper part runs deep
to lateral pterygoid
 Emerges at lower
border of muscle to run
downward and
forward
 Deep to ramus of
 Separated from medial
pterygoid muscle by
spheno mandibular
ligament
 Reaches mandibular
foramen
 Into the mandibular
canal
 Ends at mental foramen

58.  In mandibular
canal it gives
branches to
teeth
 Mylohyoid nerves
emerges just
before entry to
canal

67.  Questions
1. Trigeminal nerve with its course and
divisions
2. Maxillary nerve essay
3. Mandibular nerve essay