A book entitled SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS For Colleges and Schools enclosed herewith the highlights - This book is an extensive compilation of colourful and interesting chemistry exhibition experiments based on our experience in conducting chemistry fair to school & college students. • It covers the fundamental principles of more than 40 experiments followed by chemicals / apparatus required, setting up and procedure to carry out the experiments. • It includes nanoparticles / photochemistry / fabric dyeing / Blue printing / Fountain experiments / Kinetics - clock reaction / Chemical equilibrium demonstration / Silvering of mirror / Flower Rose essence preparation / Silica garden / Silver tree / Colour magic / Chemistry quiz / Invisible ink / Traffic light / Smoking man / Electric pen / Vulcano / Adulteration in food items / Sparker chemistry, etc. to help the students and teachers to conduct the exhibition experiments. • It also includes cartoon diagrams to understand, set up experiments and to attract the young students towards basic science education and research.

1. SCIENCESCIENCESCIENCESCIENCE
CHEMISTRY FAIRCHEMISTRY FAIRCHEMISTRY FAIRCHEMISTRY FAIR
EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
For colleges and Schools
Dr. C. KARUNAKARANDr. C. KARUNAKARANDr. C. KARUNAKARANDr. C. KARUNAKARAN
Dr. M. BALAMURUGANDr. M. BALAMURUGANDr. M. BALAMURUGANDr. M. BALAMURUGAN

2. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS
For Colleges and Schools
Dr.C.KARUNAKARAN and Dr.M.BALAMURUGAN
Key features
•This book is an extensive compilation of chemistry exhibition experiments
based on our experience in conducting chemistry fair to school & college
students.
•It covers the fundamentals principles of more than 40 experiments
followed by chemicals / apparatus required, setting up and complete
procedure to carry out the experiments.
•It includes nanoparticles / photochemistry / fabric dyeing / Blue printing
/ Fountain experiments / Kinetics - clock reaction / Chemical equilibrium
demonstration / Silvering of mirror / Flower Rose essence preparation /
Silica garden / Silver tree / Colour magic / Chemistry quiz / Invisible ink /
Traffic light / Smoking man / Electric pen / Vulcano / Adulteration in food
items / Sparker chemistry, etc. to help the students and teachers to conduct
the exhibition experiments.
•It also includes cartoon diagrams to understand, set up experiments and
to attract the young students towards basic science education and
research.
Dr.C.KarunakaranDr.C.KarunakaranDr.C.KarunakaranDr.C.Karunakaran, PhD is Associate Professor of Chemistry in the Biomedical, PhD is Associate Professor of Chemistry in the Biomedical, PhD is Associate Professor of Chemistry in the Biomedical, PhD is Associate Professor of Chemistry in the Biomedical
Research LabResearch LabResearch LabResearch Lab ((((ckaru2000@gmail.comckaru2000@gmail.comckaru2000@gmail.comckaru2000@gmail.com, +91, +91, +91, +91----9486431953) at9486431953) at9486431953) at9486431953) at VHNSN CollegeVHNSN CollegeVHNSN CollegeVHNSN College
(Autonomous),(Autonomous),(Autonomous),(Autonomous), VirudhunagarVirudhunagarVirudhunagarVirudhunagar, India. He has received research grants from DBT,, India. He has received research grants from DBT,, India. He has received research grants from DBT,, India. He has received research grants from DBT,
DIPAS, DRDO, UGC, DSTDIPAS, DRDO, UGC, DSTDIPAS, DRDO, UGC, DSTDIPAS, DRDO, UGC, DST----SERB. He has published books on Biosensors andSERB. He has published books on Biosensors andSERB. He has published books on Biosensors andSERB. He has published books on Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, Spin Resonance Spectroscopy by Elsevier, book chapters, review &Bioelectronics, Spin Resonance Spectroscopy by Elsevier, book chapters, review &Bioelectronics, Spin Resonance Spectroscopy by Elsevier, book chapters, review &Bioelectronics, Spin Resonance Spectroscopy by Elsevier, book chapters, review &
research articles and carried out research in Medical College of Wisconsin, USA asresearch articles and carried out research in Medical College of Wisconsin, USA asresearch articles and carried out research in Medical College of Wisconsin, USA asresearch articles and carried out research in Medical College of Wisconsin, USA as
PostdocPostdocPostdocPostdoc, Research Scientist and Assistant Professor. He was also visiting faculty to Iowa, Research Scientist and Assistant Professor. He was also visiting faculty to Iowa, Research Scientist and Assistant Professor. He was also visiting faculty to Iowa, Research Scientist and Assistant Professor. He was also visiting faculty to Iowa
State University, USA.State University, USA.State University, USA.State University, USA.
About the Author
ISBNRs.

3. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
1
SCIENCE CHEMISTRY
FAIR EXPERIMENTS
For colleges and Schools
Dr.C.KARUNAKARAN
Dr.M.BALAMURUGAN
Department of Chemistry
VHNSN College (Autonomous)
VIRUDHUNAGAR-626001, TN, India.

4. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
4
CONTENTS
S.No Experiment Page
No.
1. Fountain experiment 8
2. Elephant tooth paste 10
3. Invisible Ink 12
4. Chameleon experiment 13
5. Burning of money 15
6. Silica garden 17
7. Silver tree 19
8. Green flame 21
9. Fluorescein 22
10. Dancing ball 24
11. Color change 26
12. Blue ink 27
13. Bleeding Iron 29
14. Fire without matches 30
15. Electric pen 32
16. Dancing flame (Green blue) 33
17. Sparker chemistry 35
18. Magic colour blue 37
19. Smoking Doll 39
20. Blushing doll 41
21. Iodine clock 43
22. Blood without knife 44

5. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
5
23. Silvering of mirror 46
24. Cracker sound 48
25. Traffic light 49
26. Colour change with pH 51
27. Photoinduced colour change of thionine 52
28. Blue clouds 54
29. Beating heart 56
30. Underwater fire works 57
31. Water from nowhere 59
32. Detection of adulteration in Turmeric, Milk,
Ghee, Jaggery / Sugar, Chilli powder, Pepper
60
33. Black snake 63
34. Effect of size of Nanoparticles on colour
change
64
35. Le Chatlier principle demonstration 66
36. Effect of temperature on equilibrium 67
37. Organic model 68
38. Inorganic crystal model 69
39. Steam distillation 71
40. Soap making 72
41. Blue printing 74
42. Chemical Vulcano 76
43. Fabric dyeing using Azo dyes 78

6. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
8
1. FOUNTAIN EXPERIMENT
1.1. Principle
This experiment demonstrates the high solubility (400 g/L at 30º C) of
ammonia (or) HCl (673 g/L at 30º C) in water.
+ -
3(g) 2 4NH +H O NH + OH→
1.2. Apparatus & chemicals required
Apparatus Chemicals
Round bottomed (RB) flask 1 litre - 1
Ammoniacal
liquor
(Concentrated)
Flat bottomed 1 litre – 1
Jet tube (length 26 cm) – 1
Glass connecting tube (length 20 cm) – 1
L- shaped tube (height 15 cm &
breath 10 cm) – 1 Phenolphthalein
indicatorOne hole rubber cork (top) – 1
Two hole rubber cork (bottom) – 1
1.3. Procedure
1.Liquid ammonia (3 – 5 ml) is taken in a conical flask. Heated directly
using wire gauze to obtain NH3(g). The ammonia gas is collected in the round
bottomed (RB) flask (top) for 2 – 3 minutes in inverted position kept above
the conical flask (Figure A).

7. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
9
2. Water (750 ml) with a few drops of phenolphthalein (PHE) is taken in the
flat bottomed RB flask and fitted with 2 hole rubber cork as shown in
Figure B.
3. The NH3(g) filled RB flask is fit as shown in the set up (Figure B).
4. Water is pushed into the jet tube top by blowing gently. Once fountain
starts, stop blowing any further.
5. Due to high solubility of NH3(g), water is automatically pumped up.
NH3(g) dissolves in the water, the pressure in the top flask drops resulting
in continous flow of water leading to fountain effect.
1.4. Experimental setup
The following setup is made for carrying out the experiment.

8. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
32
15. ELECTRIC PEN
15.1. Principle
Iodide (I-
) at anode is oxidized to give I2 which combine with starch
solution to give blue colour writing.
-
22I I + 2e (at anode)−
→
15.2. Apparatus & chemicals required
Apparatus Chemicals
Battery 9 V – 2 KI
Battery Holder – 2 Copper foil or plate
White paper – 2
Starch solution (5 g
dissolved in 100 ml hot
water)
NM bottle 100 ml – 1
Wire with crocodile clip – 2
15.3. Experimental setup
The following setup is made for carrying out the experiment.

9. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
34
2 3(s) (aq) (aq) (s)
3 2(s) (aq) (g)
2 Al + 3 CuCl 2AlCl + 3 Cu
2 Al + 6 HCl (con.) 2AlCl + 3 H
→
→
16.2. Apparatus & chemicals required
Apparatus Chemicals
RB flask 1 litre – 1
CuSO4.5H2O (or)
CuCl2Beaker 250 ml – 1
Con. HCl
Safety goggles– 2 Aluminium foil
16.3. Experimental setup
The following setup is made for carrying out the experiment.
16.4. Procedure
1. Prepare HCl solution (By mixing 3 vol. of Con. HCl and 1 vol. of water).
2. Pour around 15 ml of the HCl solution to the 1 liter RB flask.

10. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
38
Glucose
(Reduction)
Oxidation (air)
ColorlessBlue
Methylene Blue (MB) Reduced MB→←
18.2. Apparatus & chemicals required
Apparatus Chemicals
150 / 250 ml conical flask (2) with
rubber cork – 2 Methylene blue
Dropper – 2
NaOHGlass rod – 2
Spatula – 1
GlucoseTest tube - 2
18.3. Experimental setup
The following setup is made for carrying out the experiment.
18.4. Procedure
1. Take 50 ml of water in a 150 / 250 ml conical flask.
2. Add to it 1 spoon spatula of glucose.
3. Then, add 5 pellets of NaOH to it and dissolve the mixture.

11. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
50
Apparatus Chemicals
100 ml conical flask – 2 Indigo-carmine (dye)
Glass rod – 1 D-glucose
Dropper – 1
NaOH100 ml NM bottle – 2
Small bottle for indicator – 1
25.3. Experimental setup
The following setup is made for carrying out the experiment.
25.4. Procedure
1. Add ~ 1 ml of Indigo-carmine indicator solution to 20 ml H2O in a 250
ml conical flask.
2. Add 70 ml preheated (50º C) 0.4 M NaOH solutions (turns blue to green)
to the above.
3. Add 10 ml D-glucose solution (25% w/v) to give green color solution.
4. The solution then turns red in a few seconds and then to yellow.
5. On shaking, the sequence of these color changes can be repeated.

12. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
60
31.4. Procedure
1. Fit the glass tube in the stand.
2. Connect the lower end of the glass tube to the rubber tube to the water tap
with supply.
3. Place the empty tap on the upper end of the glass tube as shown in Fig.
4. Bring the stand near sink so that the water from the top falls in the sink.
32. DETECTION OF ADULTERATION
I. Detection of adulteration in turmeric
Turmeric contains the following adulterations (i) Metanil yellow (ii)
Lead chromate. These adulterants are very carcinogenic and cause also brain
neuro disorder.
a) Apparatus & chemicals required
Apparatus Chemicals
Test tube – 10
Conc. HCl
Boiling tube – 2
100 ml Beaker – 2
Spatula – 1
Dropper – 3
(i) Detection of lead salt
To a sample of turmeric powder add conc. HCl. Appearance of
magenta colour shows the presence of yellow lead salt in turmeric powder.

13. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
74
6. It is then pressed between two filter papers and dried. It is then cut
into soap bars.
41. Blue printing
(Photochemical reduction)
41.1. Principle
Blue printing is a way of making copies by exposing treated paper
through a mask (or) stencil. The printing and developing of blue print
involves a photochemical reaction. Ferric ions were reduced by oxalic acid to
the ferrous ions and the rate of reduction is enhanced by exposing the
reactants to sunlight. When ferrous ions react with ferricyanide ions, blue
colour (Turnbull’s blue) is formed / developed. After, exposure, the
unreacted compounds are washed away with water leaving patterned
Prussian blue.
Reactions
2 43 2 2 2
2+ +
3 6 6
Prussian blue
h
light
FeCl + H C O HCl+ CO + FeCl
Fe + K [Fe(CN) ] K[Fe Fe(CN) ] + 2K
υ
→
→
41.2. Procedure
1. Mix 50 mL of oxalic acid solution with 10 mL of diammonium phosphate
solution in a 250 ml beaker. Place the beaker in diffuse light (inside
locker or cupboard).
2. Add 50 mL of ferric chloride solution to the above under stirring in
diffuse light. A small precipitate initially formed dissolves on further
stirring. Close your cupboard and use it only when required.

14. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
76
Filter paper sheets for drying 0.1 M hydrochloric acid
41.4. Experimental setup
The following setup is made for carrying out the experiment.
42. CHEMICAL VULCANO
42.1. Principle
(NH4)2Cr2O7 on heating gives N2 gas which is an exothermic and mild
explosive reaction due to increase in volume and production of N2.

15. SCIENCE CHEMISTRY FAIR EXPERIMENTS DR.C.KARUNAKARAN, VHNSNC
81
Dissolve phenol (2 mmol) in 10 mL of 3 M NaOH. (For resorcinol and
the two naphthols, you may need more 3 M NaOH, and need to be slightly
warmed to dissolve) in a 50 ml beaker, and place the beaker in an ice-water
bath to cool to 5 °C.
2. If the coupling agent is N,N-dimethyl aniline
Dissolve N,N-dimethyl aniline (2.1 mmol) in 10 mL of 3 M HCl in a 50
ml beaker, and place the beaker in an ice-water bath to cool to 5 °C.
C) Dyeing of fabric
Immerse a piece of cloth first in the above coupling agent solution. Take
out the cloth from the solution and pat to dryness. Using a Pasteur pipette,
make a design on the fabric with the diazonium salt solution. Allow the
fabric to dry overnight.
Applications of azo dyes and compounds
1) Aliphatic azo compounds, like azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), can be as
radical initiators in polymerization of alkenes to make plastics.
2) Aromatic azo compounds are used as acid-base indicators, biological
stains, and commercial colorants for clothing, plastics, cosmetics, and
food beverages.