2. High level data link control(HDLC) is a bit
oriented protocol for communication over point-
to-point and multipoint link.
It implements the AQR mechanism.
HDLC provides both connectionless service and
connection oriented services.
HDLC uses synchronous transmission. All
transmission are in the form of frames.
HDLC(High Level Data Link
Control)
3. Defines three types of stations
Primary
Secondary
Combined
Defines three types of data transfer mode
Normal Response mode
Asynchronous Response mode
Asynchronous Balanced mode
Three types of frames
information
supervisory
unnumbered
HDLC OVERVIEW
4. The three modes of data transfer operations are
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
Mainly used in terminal-mainframe networks. In this case,
Secondary (terminals) can only transmit when specifically instructed
by the primary station in response to a polling.
Unbalanced configuration, good for multi-point links
Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)
Same as NRM except that the secondary can initiate transmissions
without direct polling from the primary station.
Reduces overhead as no frames need to be sent to allow secondary
nodes to transmit.
Transmission proceeds when channel is detected idle , used mostly in
point-to-point-links.
Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
Mainly used in point-to-point links, for communication between
combined stations.
DATA TRANSFER MODE
6. There are three different classes of frames used in
HDLC
Unnumbered frames, used in link setup and
disconnection, and hence do not contain ACK.
Information frames, which carry actual information.
Such frames can piggyback ACK in case of ABM
Supervisory frames, which are used for error and flow
control purposes and hence contain send and receive
sequence numbers
FRAMES IN HDLC
8. FRAME FORMAT
Each frame in HDLC may contain up to six fields.They
are:
1)Beginning Flag Field
2)Address Field
3)Control Field
4)Information Field
5)Frame Check Sequence(fcs)
6)Ending Flag Field
9. Flag Address Control User
information
FCS Flag
HDLC FRAMES
Flag Address Control Management
information
FCS Flag
I-Frame
S-Frame
U-Frame
Flag Address Control FCS Flag
10. Flag field: It is a 8 bit sequence with bit pattern that identifies both
beginning and end of a frame.
Address field: It can be 1 byte or several bytes long depending on
the needs of network.
Control field: The control field is a 1 or 2 byte segment of the
frame used for flow and error control.
Information field: It contains the user’s data from the network
layer or management information.
FCS field: It is the error detection field. It can contain either 2 or 4
byte.
FIELDS IN HDLC
11. The control field determines the type of frame and defines its
functionality.
CONTROL FIELD
0 p
/f
1 0 p
/f
1 1 p
/f
N(S) N(R)
code N(R)
code code
I-frame
S-frame
U-frame
12. There are four different supervisory frames
SS=00, Receiver Ready (RR), and N(R) ACKs all frames
received up to and including the one with sequence
number N(R) - 1
SS=10, Receiver Not Ready (RNR), and N(R) has the
same meaning as above
SS=01, Reject; all frames with sequence number N(R) or
higher are rejected, which in turns ACKs frames with
sequence number N(R) -1 or lower.
SS=11, Selective Reject; the receive rejects the frame with
sequence number N(R)
CONTROL FIELD FOR S-FRAME