Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by organisms like mosquitoes, mites, and ticks. The document discusses the prevention and control of these diseases. It provides information on the diseases transmitted by different vectors, protective measures against bites, preventing vector proliferation by eliminating stagnant water, and protecting at-risk groups like pregnant women and children. National programs aim to conduct surveillance, treatment, and vector control strategies like larviciding and environmental management to reduce transmission of malaria, dengue, kala-azar, filariasis, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis.

1. VECTOR BORN DISEASES-
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

2. What is VBD?
• Vectors are small organisms such as
mosquitoes, mites and ticks that can carry
disease from one infected person (or animal)
to another person and from place to place.
• The diseases caused by these vectors are
called vector-borne diseases.

3. Diseases Vs Vector
Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting
• Dengue fever (Aedes mosquitoes)
• Japanese encephalitis (Culex mosquitoes) and
• Malaria (Anopheles mosquitoes)
• while scrub typhus and spotted fever are
transmitted by mites and ticks respectively.

4. Prevention from vector born diseases
To prevent vector-borne diseases, public need
to protect themselves from stings / bites of
mosquitoes, mites and ticks, and help prevent
their proliferation.
•

5. How to Protect yourselves against stings/bites
• Wear loose, light-coloured long-sleeved tops
and trousers
• Use DEET-containing insect repellent on
exposed parts of the body and clothing
• Take additional preventive measures when
hiking or going to scrubby areas

6. Prevent vector proliferation
• Prevent accumulation of stagnant water
– Change the water in vases once a week
– Avoid using saucers underneath flower pots
– Cover water containers tightly
– Ensure air-conditioner drip trays are free of stagnant water
– Put all used cans and bottles into covered dustbins
• Control vectors and reservoir of the diseases
– Inspect and disinfest pets and pet beddings regularly
– Store food and dispose of garbage properly to prevent rat
infestation

7. How to protect pregnant women and
children
• They can use DEET-containing insect repellent.
• For children who travel to countries or areas
where mosquito-borne diseases are endemic
or epidemic and where exposure is likely,
children aged 2 months or above can use
DEET-containing insect repellents with a
concentration of DEET up to 30%.

8. Prevention- public
• When members working in scrubby areas, here are some additional preventive
measures:
• Prepare for the visit
– Wear shoes that cover the entire foot; avoid wearing sandals or open shoes
– Tuck trousers into socks or boots to prevent arthropods from reaching the skin
– Avoid using fragrant cosmetics or skin care products
• During the visit
– Stay on footpaths and avoid walking through vegetation. Do not brush along the vegetation at
the sides of footpaths
– Avoid resting on vegetation, or at humid and dark places
– Do not hang clothing on vegetation
– Do not feed wild or stray animals
– Re-apply insect repellents according to instructions

9. Preventive measures
• After the visit
– Inspect body parts and clothing. Clear any attached arthropods
carefully
– Take a soapy shower and wash the clothes
– Inspect and clean the bodies of accompanying pets
• If an attached tick is found on the body
– Gently remove it by grasping its head with tweezers or fine-tipped
forceps close to the skin, then disinfect the bite area and wash hands
with soap and water
– Do not crush or twist the tick during removal

10. National Vecor Born Diseases Control
Programme
• NVBDC programme for prevention and control of
vector borne diseases.
Following diseases come under this programme:
• 1. Malaria
• 2. Dengue/DHF
• 3. Kala-Azar
• 4. Filaria
• 5. Chikungunya
• 6. Japanese Encephalitis.

11. PROGRAMME STRATEGY
• Active surveillance: Monthly house visit by the MPW
(Male & Female) and collect the Blood
smear 1% of population.
• Passive surveillance: All fever cases attending OPD
must be advised blood smear examined for Malaria in
all institutions 15% of OPD.
• DDT spray operation not being done in the State as API
less than 2 and above during any of the preceding 3
years.

12. TREATMENT
• Radical treatment to all Malaria positive cases
with in 10 days of detection.
• Severe and complicated cases of Malaria are
been treated at nearest referral Centre

13. VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGY
• Cover stored water, drain system and maintain them by
regular training disinfecting and avoiding
stagnation of water.
• Coolers, old tyres, flower pots and other places where
water may collect become breading place for mosquitoes.
• Observe weekly dry days for all such potential breeding
spots.

14. TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Chloroquine: 25mg/kg body weight divided over three
days i.e. 10mg/kg on day 1, 10mg/kg on day 2nd and
5mg/kg on day 3rd.
Primaquine: 0.25mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days.