muscle relaxants.pptx

1. By:- Ravikant Sir

2. NEURO MUSCULAR JUNCTION

3. MUSCLE RELAXANT
• Muscle relaxants are medicine that affects skeletal
muscle function and decreases muscle tone.
• Skeletal muscle relaxants are agents that can treat both
temporary and permanent neuronal damage.
• CLINICAL USES :-
• Muscle spasms (spasticity), strain, sprain.
• Pain
• Hyper-reflexia.

4. MUSCLE SPASM
• Muscle spasm :- It results from violent and painful
involuntary muscle contraction caused by muscle
overstretching, and tendon or ligament tearing.
• It results in excess impulses to the spinal cord and it
responds by intense muscle contraction.
• Pain from muscle spasms is due to lactic acid accumulation
that occurs when blood flow is cut off during contractions.

5. OTHER TERMS
• Spasm :- Abnormal contraction.
• Cramp :- Painful spasmodic contraction
• Tremor :- Rhythmic, involuntary contraction
• Strain :- Tearing of muscle or tendon due to forceful
impact. (Bleeding & pain occurs)
• Sprain :- Stretching or tearing of ligament (Ligament is
fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone at joint).
Most common sprain is Ankle sprain.

6. CONTRACTURE
• Also called Volkmann’s disease
• Permanent shortening of muscle or tendon.
• Most commonly occurs in “forearm flexor” muscle,.
• Volkmann contractor is permanent contracture of
wrist, causes claw-like deformity of hand.
• Foot drop is also contracture deformity :- it is caused
due to Paroneal muscle and Paroneal nerve
impairment.

7. MUSCLE SPASTICITY
• It occurs when damaged neurons are within the
CNS rather than the peripheral areas.
• This causes imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory
influences within the CNS which can lead
to hypertonia (excessive muscle stimulation) and
results in contractures .

8. MUSCLE RELAXANT
• Muscle relaxants are classified as two major
therapeutic groups:
• Spasmolytics (centrally acting-CNS)
• Neuromuscular blockers (Direct Acting)

9. EXAMPLES
Centrally Acting Skeletal
Muscle Relaxants
Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
• Baclofen
• Diazepam
• Chlorzoxazone
• Cyclobenzaprine
• Orphenadrine
• Tizanidine
• Methocarbamol
• Gabapentin
• Botulinum toxin type A (Botox
Cosmetic)
• Botulinum toxin type B
• Dantrolene
• Succinylcholine

10. 1. SPASMOLYTICS/ centrally acting
• Spasmolytics, also called known as centrally acting muscle
relaxants. they interfere with reflexes that cause muscle spasms
USE :-
• They are used to relieve pain and spasms and to
reduce spasticity in neurological conditions.
• Spinal cord injuries or spinal cord diseases
• Baclofen, is used to relieve spasticity associated with cerebral
palsy.
• Methocarbamol is the drug of choice for children with tetanus.

11. 2. NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
• Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with
transmission at the neuromuscular (no CNS activity
involve).
• USE :- They are used during surgical procedures
and emergency to cause temporary paralysis.

12. Contraindications
• They should be cautioned to avoid activities that require
alertness (e.g. driving) because drugs can
cause confusion and drowsiness.
• Allergy to centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants.
• Skeletal muscle spasms caused by rheumatic disorders.
• History of epilepsy.
• Seizure disorder.
• Cardiac dysfunction.
• Hepatic, Renal dysfunction.

13. Side Effects
• Depression, drowsiness,
• Fatigue, weakness, confusion,
• Headache, insomnia.
• Hypotension,
• Arrhythmias
• Nausea, dry mouth, anorexia, constipation.
• Chlorzoxazone may turn urine into purple-red color