EARLY AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS
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Early humans first migrated to North America via a land bridge connecting Siberia to Alaska. The earliest civilizations arose in Mesoamerica, including the Olmec and Mayans who built pyramid structures and developed writing and calendars. In North America, societies like the Hohokam, Ancestral Puebloans, and Mound Builders constructed large settlements, farmed crops, and developed complex cultures before mysteriously declining between 900-1300 AD.
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EARLY AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS
- 2. Early Migration to America • Migration: moving from one (dwelling) place to another.
- 3. The Land Bridge Theory
- 4. Agricultural Revolution • Domestication: Breeding plants or animals to fit human needs
- 5. Five Features of Civilization • CRACS • cities that serve as centers of trade • system of record-keeping (i.e. writing) • advanced tools • complex institutions (organized forms of government and religion) • specialized workers
- 7. The Olmec (1200 B.C.- 400 B.C.) • Lived in Mexico. • Main city was La Venta • Built pyramid-shaped mounds of earth. • Created large sculptures • Civilization collapsed mysteriously about 400 B.C.
- 11. The Mayans (250 A.D.- 900 A.D.) • Built cities on Yucatan Peninsula (southern Mexico) and Guatemala. • developed writing system based on hieroglyphs. • built stone pyramids • developed accurate calendar • first people in America to create zero • abandoned cities around 900. Chichen Itza
- 13. Hohokam • Lived in Arizona from 300 B.C. to 1400 A.D. • altered desert environment by digging miles of canals for irrigation. • raised corn, beans squash • traded with mesoamerican civilizations.
- 14. The Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) Long House, Mesa Verde Spruce Tree House, Mesa Verde Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde They built villages on top of mesas and in cliff alcoves.
- 15. The Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) • They built two kinds of dwellings: kivas and apartments. Kiva 3-story apartment building
- 16. The Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) They farmed corn, beans and squash but also hunted big game with bows and arrows.
- 17. The Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) • Their civilization mysteriously vanished around A.D. 1300.
- 18. The Anasazi
- 20. Mound Builders • Another civilization emerged along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers at about the same time as the Anasazi. • We call them the Mound Builders. • Early Mound Builders are called Hopewell; Later ones are called Mississippians
- 21. The Mound Builders They built enormous flat-topped pyramids out of earth.
- 22. Mound Builders
- 23. The Mound Builders Mound Builders made beautiful arts and crafts
- 24. The Mound Builders They traded as far west as the Rocky Mountains… …and as far south as Mexico.
- 25. The Mound Builders The Mound Builders
Editor's Notes
- Humans selected seeds with the most desirable traits and planted them. Over many generations, the plants changed, sometimes so much that they barely resembles their wild ancestor. Once humans could rely on a domestic food supply, they could settle in one place. Food became plentiful; not everyone needed to produce food; they began to specialize in other professions like weaving, pottery or religious leadership. This led to civilization
- Built cities on Yucatan Peninsula (southern Mexico) and Guatemala. developed writing system based on hieroglyphs. built stone pyramids developed accurate calendar first people in America to create zero abandoned cities around 900.