1. CURRICULUM VITAE
(Updated January 2016)
1. PERSONAL DATA
Name: JULIO A. URBINA R.
Address: 200 Lakeside Drive, Oakland, 94612 California, United States
Phone: 1 (510) 918-4665
Mobile: 1 (513) 407-2673
e-mail: jurbina@mac.com
Marital Status: Married, four children
2. EDUCATION
Licenciado in Biology, Central University of Venezuela (UCV), 1970.
Ph.D. in Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1975.
3. POSITIONS HELD
2008-2011, Adjunct Full Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, University of
Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
2006-present, Emeritus Senior Investigator, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research
(IVIC).
1998-2006, Senior Investigator, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC).
1993-1998, Senior Associated Investigator, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research
(IVIC).
1994, Head, Center for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific
Research (IVIC).
1993-2006, Head, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Center for Biochemistry and
Biophysics, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC).
1991-2006, Professor, Central University of Venezuela (UCV), currently retired.
1994-1999, Member, Superior Council, National Research Council of Venezuela
(CONICIT).

2. 1991-1993, Associated Investigator, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC).
1981-1984, Member, Superior Council, National Research Council of Venezuela
(CONICIT).
1981-1984, Member, Board of Directors, National Research Council of Venezuela
(CONICIT).
1984-1991, Associate Professor, Central University of Venezuela (UCV).
1975-1984, Assistant Professor, Central University of Venezuela (UCV).
4. PUBLICATIONS
1.- D. Chapman, J. Urbina (1971). Phase transitions and bilayer structure in
Myoplasma laidlawii. Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. (FEBS) Letter, 12, 169.
2.- D. Chapman, J. Urbina, K.M. Keough (1973). Biomembrane phase transitions. J.
Biol. Chem., 249, 2512.
3.- J. Urbina, J.S. Waugh (1973). Application of proton-enhanced nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy to the study of membranes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 222, 733.
4.- J. Urbina, J.S. Waugh (1974). Proton-enhanced 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
of lipids and biomembranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 5062.
5.- J. Urbina, A. Crespo (1981). Enzimology of energy metabolism in Trypanosoma
cruzi epimastigotes. in "The Biochemistry of Parasites", G. Slutzky, Ed., Pergamon Press,
New York. p. 173.
6.- J. Urbina, A. Crespo, V. Azavache (1981). "Metabolismo energetico en
Trypanosoma cruzi". en Bioquimica e Inmunologia de Parasitos", A. Hernández y H.
Pérez. Eds., Ediciones Sociedad Parasitologica de Venezuela.
7.- N. Coello, J. Urbina. (1982). Aislamiento y purificacion de amastigotes de
Leishmania braziliensis: su aplicación al estudio comparativo de la superficie celular de
amastigotes y promastigotes de la cepa NR. Acta Cient. Venez., 33, 144.
8.- J. Vivas, J. Urbina (1982). Energy-dependent lectin induced algutination in
Trypanosoma (Schiotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. Acta Cient. Venez., 33, 396.
9.- J. Urbina (1983). Interacción de antibióticos poliénicos con promastigotes de
Leishmania in "Leishmaniasis", A. Hernandez, Ed., Ediciones CONICIT, Caracas.
10.- J. Urbina, A. Crespo (1984). Regulation of energy metabolism in Trypanosoma
(Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. I. Hexokinase and Phosphofructokinase. Mol.
Biochem. Parasitol.,11, 225.
11.- J. Urbina, V. Azavache (1984). Regulation of energy metabolism in
Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. II. NAD+ dependent glutamate
dehydrogenase. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 11, 241.
12.- A. De Maio, J. Urbina (1984). Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi
epimastigotes: terminal oxidases in two growth phases in vitro. Acta Cient. Venez. 35,
136.

3. 13.- B.E. Cohen, H. Ramos, M. Gamargo, J. Urbina (1986). The water and ionic
permeability induced by polyene antibiotics across plasma membrane vesicles from
Leishmania sp. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 860, 57.
14.- Z. Aguilar, J. Urbina (1986). The phosphofructokinase of Trypanosoma
(Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes: purification and kinetic mechanism. Mol.
Biochem. Parasitol., 21, 103.
15.- J. Urbina, B.E. Cohen, E. Perozo, L. Cornivelli. (1986). Spin-labeled
amphotericin B: synthesis, characterization, biological and spectroscopic properties.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 897, 467.
16.- J. Urbina (1987). The Phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxykinase of Trypasonoma
(Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes: molecular, kinetic and regulatory properties. Arch.
Biochem. Biophys. 258, 186.
17.- R. Maingon, R. Gerke, M. Rodriguez, T. Aguirre, J. Nehlin, T. Knapp, J.
Carmpton. (1988). The tubulin genes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur. J. Biochem., 171, 285.
18.- G. Larralde, J. Vivas, J. Urbina. (1988) Concentration and time dependence of
the effects of ketoconazole on growth and sterol biosynthesis by Trypanosoma
(Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. Acta Cient. Venez., 39. 140-146.
19.- J. Urbina, J. Vivas, H. Ramos, G.Larralde, Z. Aguilar, L. Avilan. (1988).
Alteration of lipid order profile and permeability of plasma membranes from
Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes grown in the presence of ketoconazole. Mol. Biochem.
Parasitol., 30, 185-196.
20.- J. Urbina, K. Lazardi, T. Aguirre, M.M. Piras, R. Piras (1988). Antiproliferative
synergism of the allylamine SF-86327 and ketoconazole on epimastigotes and
amastigotes of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. Antimicrob. Agent. Chemother. 32,
1237-1242.
21.- J. Urbina, L. Avilan (1989). The kinetic mechanism of phospho-enol-pyruvate
carboxykinase from Panicum maximum". Phytochemistry, 28, 1349-1353.
22.- J. Urbina, X. Ysern, A.S. Mildvan. (1990). Involvement of a divalent cation in
the binding of D-fructose-6-phosphate to Trypanosoma cruzi phosphofructokinase.
Kinetic and magnetic resonance studies. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 278, 187-194.
23.- G. Benaim, R. Bermúdez, J.A. Urbina. (1990). Calcium transport in
mitochondrial vesicles isolated from Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Mol. Biochem.
Parasitol., 31, 61-68.
24.- J.A. Urbina, C.E. Osorno, A. Rojas (1990). Inhibition of phospho-enol-pyruvate
carboxykinase from Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes by 3-
mercaptopicolinic acid. In vitro and in vivo studies. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 282, 91-
99.
25.- K. Lazardi, J.A. Urbina, W. de Souza (1990). Ultrastructural effects of
ketoconazole and terbinafine on epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma
(Schizotrypanum) cruzi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 2097-2105.
26.- J.A. Urbina, K. Lazardi, T. Aguirre, M.M. Piras, R. Piras (1991).
Antiproliferative effects and mechanism of action of ICI 195, 739, a novel bis-triazole
derivative on epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi".
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 730-735.

4. 27.- K. Lazardi, J.A. Urbina, W. de Souza (1991). Alterations of the subcellular
structure of epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi
induced by ICI 195, 739. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 736-741.
28.- J.A. Urbina, J.A., Maldonado, R.A., Payares, G., Marchan, E., Lazardi, K.,
Aguirre, T, Piras, M.M., Piras, R., De Souza, W. (1991). In vitro and in vivo synergism
of binary and ternary combinations of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors as
antiproliferative agents against Trypanosoma cruzi: Therapeutic Implications". Mem.
Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 86 (Supl. 1), 33-35.
29.- Urbina, J.A., Lazardi, K., Marchan, E., Visval, G., Aguirre, T., Piras, M.M., Piras,
R., De Souza, W. (1991). Sinergismo en la acción antiproliferativa de inhibidores de la
síntesis de esteroles sobre el Trypanosoma cruzi, in vitro e in vivo: implicaciones
terapéuticas. In: "Miocardiopatías Chagasicas", Puigb_, J.J. y Acquatella, A., eds.
Caracas.
30.- Urbina, J.A., Maldonado, R.A., Payares, G., Marchan, E., Lazardi, K., Aguirre, T.,
Piras, M.M., Piras, R., De Souza, W. 1991. In vitro and in vivo synergism, of binary and
ternary -combinations of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors as antiproliferative agents
against Trypanosoma cruzi: Therapeutic Implications. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 86(51),
33-35.
31.- Maldonado, R.A., Molina, J., Payares, G., Urbina, J.A. (1993). Experimental
chemotherapy with combinations of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors in a murine model
of Chagas' disease. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 37, 1353-1359
32.- Urbina, J.A., Lazardi, K., Marchan, E., Visbal, G., Aguirre, T., Piras, M.M., Piras,
R., Maldonado, R.A., Payares, G., De Souza, W. (1993). Mevinolin (Lovastatin)
potentiates the antiproliferative effects of ketoconazole and terbinafine against
Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: in vitro and in vivo studies. Antimicrob. Agents.
Chemother. 37, 580-589.
33.- Urbina, J.A., Marchan E., Lazardi, K., Visbal, G., Apitz-Castro, R., Gil, F.,
Aguirre, T., Piras, M.M., Piras, R. (1993). Ajoene, an antiplatelet compound isolated
from garlic, inhibits phosphatidyl-choline biosynthesis and cell proliferation in
Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochem. Pharmacol. 45,2381-2387.
34.- Sánchez-Delgado, R., Lazardi, K., RincÛn Luis, Urbina, J.A., Huber, A.J., Noels,
A.N. (1993). Towards a metal-based chemotheraphy against tropical diseases. I.
Synthesis of Ru(Cl)2 (Clotrimazole)2 a highly active compound against Trypanosoma
cruzi and other metalclotrimazole complexes. J. Med. Chem. 36,2041-2043.
35.- Oldfield, E., Urbina, J.A., Montez, B., Pekkerar, S., Husted, C., Patterson, J.
(1993). Editing Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Membranes.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1152, 314-318.
36.- Urbina, J.A., Machín, I., Jurado, L. (1993). The limitations of paradigms:
Studies on the energy metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi. Biol. Res. 26, 81-88.
37.- Linss, J., Goldenberg, S., Urbina, J.A. ,Amzel, L.A. (1993). "Cloning and
characterization of the gene coding for the ATP-dependent phospho-enol-pyruvate
carboxykinase (E.C.4..1.1.49) from the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma
(Schizotrypanum) cruzi: comparison of primary and predicted secondary structure with
the host's GTP-dependent enzyme". Gene, 136, 69-77.
38.- Urbina, J.A. (1994). Intermediary metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi.
Parasitology Today 10, 107-110.

5. 39.- Vannier-Santos, M.A., Neves, A., Martiny, A., De Souza, W., Urbina, J.A.
(1995). Alterations induced by the antifungal compounds ketoconazole and terbinafine
in Leishmania J. Eukaryotic. Microbiol, 42, 337-346.
40.- Urbina, J.A., Pekerar, S. Montez, B., Patterson, J., Oldfield, E. (1995). Molecular
order and dynamics of phosphatidyl-choline bilayer membranes in the presence of
cholesterol, ergosterol and lanosterol: a comparative study using 2
H, 13
C, 31
P nuclear
magnetic resonance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1238, 163-176.
41. Urbina, J.A., Vivas, J., Visbal, G., Contreras, L.M. (1995). Modification of the
sterol composition of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes D24(25)
sterol
methyl transferase inhibitors and their combinations with ketoconazole. Mol. Biochem.
Parasitol. 73, 199-210.
42.- Jurado, L., Machin, I., Urbina, J.A. (1996). Trypanosoma cruzi
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP-dependent): transition metal ion requirement
for activity and sulfhydryl group reactivity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1292, 188-
196.
43.- Sanchez-Delgado, R., Navarro, M., Pérez, H., Urbina, J.A. (1996) Toward a
novel metal-based chemotherapy against tropical diseases. 2. Synthesis and antimalarial
activity in vitro and in vivo of new ruthenium- and rhodium-chloroquine complexes. J.
Med. Chem. 39, 1095-1099.
44.- Urbina, J., Vivas, J., Lazardi, K., Molina, J., Payares, G., Piras, M.M., Piras, R.
(1996) Antiproliferative effects of D24(25)
sterol methyl transferase inhibitors on
Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: In vitro and in vivo studies. Chemotherapy. 42,
294-307.
45.- Urbina, J.A., Payares, G., Molina, J., Sanoja, C., Liendo, A., Lazardi, K., Perez,
N., Piras, M.M., Piras, R., Wincker, P., Ryley, J.F. (1996). Cure of short- and long-term
experimental Chagas’ disease using D0870. Science, 273, 969-971.
46.- Vivas, J., Urbina, J.A., De Souza, W. (1996). Ultrastructural effects of D24(25)
sterol methyl transferase on Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. Int. J.
Antimicrob. Agents., 7, 235-240.
47.- Rangel, H., Dagger, F., Hern·ndez, A., Liendo, A., Urbina, J.A. (1996).
Naturally azole-resistant Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes are rendered susceptible
in the presence of terbinafine. A comparative study with azole-susceptible Leishmania
mexicana. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 2785-2791.
48.- Quintas, L.E.M., de Castro, S.L., Urbina, J.A., Borba -Santos, J.A., Pinto, C.N.,
Siqueira-Batista, R., Miranda Filho, N. (1996) Tratamento da Doenca de Chagas, en:
Molestia de Chagas (Siquiera-Batista, R., Correa, A.D. y Higgins, D.W.. editores),
Editora Cultura Medica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil., pp. 125-170.
49.- Croft, S.L., Urbina, J.A., Brun, R. (1997) Chemotherapy of human
Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis. En: Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis (eds. G.
Hide, J.C. Mottram, G.H. Coombs and P.H. Holmes), CAB INTERNATIONAL,
Londres, pp. 245-257.
50.- Contreras, L.M., Vivas, J., Urbina, J.A. (1997). Altered lipid composition and
enzyme activities in plasma membranes from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes grown in
the present of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol., 53, 697-704.

6. 51.- Urbina, J.A., Visbal, G., Contreras, L.M., McLaughlin, G.M. and Docampo, R.
(1997). Inhibitors of D24(25)
sterol methyl transferase block sterol synthesis and cell
proliferation in Pneumocystis carinii. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1428-1432.
52.- San Blas, G., Urbina, J.A., Marchan, E., Contreras, L.M., Sorais, F. and San-Blas,
F. (1997). Inhibition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by ajoene is associated with
blockade of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Microbiology 143, 1583-1586.
53.- Urbina, J.A. (1997) Lipid biosynthesis pathways as chemotherapeutic targets in
kinetoplastid parasites. Parasitology 114, S91-S99.
54.- Liendo, A., Lazardi, K. and Urbina, J.A. (1998) In vivo antiprolifrative effects
and mechanism of action of the bis-triazole D0870 and its S(-) enantiomer against
Trypanosoma cruzi. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 41, 197-205.
55.- Urbina, J.A. and Oldfield, E. (1998) Solid State Nucler Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopic Approaches to the Study of the Molecular Organization of Biological
Membranes. En: Biomembrane Structures (Haris, P. and Chapman, D.), IOS Press,
Amsterdam, pp. 113-133.
56.- Concepcion, J.L., Gonzalez-Pacanowska, D. and Urbina, J.A. (1998) 3-hydroxy-
3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA Reductase in Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: Subcellular
Localization and Kinetic Properties. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 352, 114-
120.
57.- Urbina, J.A., Payares, G., Contreras, L.M., Liendo, A., Sanoja, C., Molina, J.
Piras, M.M., Piras, R., Perez, N., Wincker, P., Loebemberg, D. (1998) Antiproliferative
Effects and Mechanism of Action of SCH 56592 against Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum)
cruzi : In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.42,1771-1777.
58.- Sanchez-Delgado, R., Navarro, M., Lazardi, K., Atencio, R., Caparelli, M.,
Urbina, J.A., Noels, A.N. (1998) Toward a novel metal-based chemotherapy against
tropical diseases. 4. Synthesis and Characterization of New Metal-Clotrimazole
Complexes and Evaluation of their Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Inorganica
Chimica Acta 275-276, 528-540.
59.- Urbina, J., Moreno, B., Arnold, W. Taron, C.H., Orlean, P. and Oldfield, E. (1998)
A Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Inter-Proton Pair Order Parameters:
A New Approach to Study Order and Dynamics in Phospholipid Membrane Systems.
Biophysical Journal 75, 1372-1383.
60.- Urbina, J.A. (1999) Chemotherapy of Chagas’ disease: The How and the Why.
Journal of Molecular Medicine 77, 332-338.
61.- Martin, M.B., Arnold, W., Heath, H.T. 3rd, Urbina, J.A. and Oldfield, E. (1999)
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates as carbocation transition state analogs for
isoprenoid biosynthesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 263,
754-758.
62.- Urbina, J.A., Moreno, B., Vierkotter, S., Oldfield, E., Payares, G., Sanoja, C., Bailey,
B.N., Yan, W., Scott, D.A., Moreno, S.N.J. and Docampo, R. (1999) Trypanosoma cruzi
contains major pyrophosphate stores, and its growth in vitro and in vivo is blocked by
pyrophosphate analogs. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 33609-33615.
63.- Vannier-Santos, M.A., Martiny, A., Lins, U., Urbina, J.A., Borges, V.M., and De
Souza, W. (1999). Impairment of sterol biosynthesis leads to phosphate and calcium
accumulation in Leishmania acidocalcisomes. Microbiology 145, 3213-3220.

7. 64.- Liendo, A., Visbal, G., Piras, M.M., Piras, R. and Urbina, J.A. (1999) Sterol
composition and biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. Molecular and
Biochemical Parasitology 104, 81-91.
65.- Molina, J., Martins-Filho, O., Brener, Z., Romanha, A.J., Loebenberg, D. and Urbina,
J.A. (2000). Activities of the triazole derivative SCH 56592 (posaconazole) against drug-
resistant strains of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in
immunocompetent and immunosuppressed murine hosts. Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy 44, 150-155.
66. Urbina, J.A. (2000) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors for Chagas’ disease. Current
Opinion in Anti-infective Investigational Drugs 2, 40-46.
67. Molina, J., Brener, Z., Romanha, A.J., and Urbina, J.A. (2000). In vivo activity of the
bis-triazole D0870 against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma
cruzi. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 46, 137-140.
68. Diaz, M., Lopez, F., Hernandez, F. and Urbina, J.A. (2000) L-carnitine effects on
chemical composition of plasma lipoproteins of rabbits fed with normal and high
cholesterol diets. Lipids 35, 627-632.
69. Moreno, B., Urbina, J.A., Oldfield, E., Bialey, B.N., Rodrigues, C.O., and Docampo,
R. (2000). 31P NMR spectroscopy of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and
Leishmania major: Evidence for high levels of condensed inorganic phosphates. Journal
of Biological Chemistry 275, 28356-28362.
70. Urbina, JA. , Lira, R., Visbal, G., and Bartroli, J. (2000) In vitro antiproliferative
effects and mechanism of action of the new triazole derivative UR-9825 against
Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44,
2498-2502.
71. Rodrigues, C.O., Scott, D.A., Bailey, B.N., De Souza, W., Benchimol, M., Moreno,
B., Urbina, J.A., Oldfield, E. and Moreno, S.N.J. (2000). Vacuolar proton
pyrophosphatase and pyrophosphate in Toxoplasma gondii as possible chemotherapeutic
targets. Biochemical Journal 349, 737-745.
72.- Navarro, M., Lehmann, T., Cisneros, E., Fuentes, A., Sanchez-Delgado, R., Silva, P.,
Urbina, J.A.(2000). Towards novel metal-based chemostherapy against tropical
diseases.5. Synthesis and characterization of new Ru(II) and Ru(III) clotrimazole and
ketoconazole complexes and evaluation of their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi.
Polyhedron 19, 2319-2325.
73.- Molina, J., Urbina, J.A., Gref, R., Brener, Z., Urbina, J.A. (2001) Cure of
experimental Chagas’ disease by the bis-triazole D0870 incorporated into ‘stealth’
polyethyleneglycol-polylactide nanospheres. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 47,
101-104.
74.- Martin, M.B., Grimley, J.S., Lewis, J.C., Heath, III, H.T., Bailey, B.N., Kendrick, H.,
Yardley, V., Caldera, A., Lira, R., Urbina, J.A., Moreno, S.N.J., Docampo, R. and
Oldfield, E. (2001) Bisphosphonates inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma brucei,
Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium
falciparum: a potential route to chemotherapy. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44, 909-
916.
75.- Lira, R., Contreras, L.M. Santa Rita, R,M, and Urbina, J.A. (2001) Mechanism of
action of antiproliferative alkyl-lysophospholipids against the protozoan parasite

8. Trypanosoma cruzi. Potentiation by the sterol biosynthesis inhibitor ketoconazole.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 47, 537-546.
76.- Atencio, R., Visbal, G., Pekerar, S., Papale, J. and Urbina, J.A. (2001) Studies of
molecular structure parameters of 20-piperidin-2-yl-5-a-pregnan-3b,20-diol and its N-
methyl derivative: two inhibitors of ?24(25)
sterol methyl transferase and ?24(24’)
sterol
methyl reductase of Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Crystallographica B57, 714-721.
77.- Rodrigues, C.O., Catisti, R., Uyemura, S.A., Vercesi, A., Lira, R., Rodriguez, C.,
Urbina, J.A. and Docampo, R. (2001) The sterol composition of Trypanosoma cruzi
changes after growth in different culture media and results in different sensitivity to
digitonin permeabilization. J.Eukaryotic Microbiology 48, 588-594.
78.- Urbina, J.A. (2001) Specific treatment of Chagas disease: current status and new
developments. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 14, 733-741.
79.- Navarro M, Cisneros-Fajardo EJ, Lehmann T, Sanchez-Delgado RA, Atencio R,
Silva P, Lira R, Urbina JA. (2001) Toward a novel metal-based chemotherapy against
tropical diseases. 6. Synthesis andcharacterization of new copper(II) and gold(I)
clotrimazole and ketoconazole complexes and evaluation of their activity against
Trypanosoma cruzi. Inorganic Chemistry 40, 6879-84
80.- Urbina, J.A. (2002) Chemotherapy of Chagas Disease. Current Pharmaceutical
Design 8, 287-295.
81.- Rodríguez, J.C.F., Attias, M., Rodríguez, C., Urbina, J.A. and De Souza, W. (2002)
Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations induced by 22,26-azasterol, a D24(25)
sterol
methyl transferase inhibitor, on amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania
amazonensis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, 487-499.
82.- Rodriguez, N., Bailey, B.N., Martin, M.B., Oldfield, E., Urbina, J.A. and Docampo,
R. (2002) Radical cure of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis by the bisphosphonate
pamidronate. J.Infect.Dis 186, 138-140.
83.- Moreno, B., Rodrigues, C.O., Bailey, B.N., Urbina, J.A., Moreno, S.N.J., Docampo,
R. and Oldfield, E. (2002) Magic angle 31
P NMR spectroscopy of condensed phosphates
in parasitic protozoa: Visualizing the invisible. FEBS Lett. 503, 207-212.
84.- Urbina, J.A., Concepción, J.L., Visbal, G., Rangel, S. and Lira, R. (2002). Squalene
synthase as a chemotherapeutic target in Trypanosoma cruzi and Leismania mexicana.
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 125, 35-45.
85.- Mendoza, M., Mijares, A., Rojas, H., Rodriguez, J.P., Urbina, J.A. and DiPolo, R.
(2002) Physiological and morphological evidences for the presence of acidocalcisomes in
Trypanosoma evansi. Single cell fluorescence and 31
P NMR studies. Molecular and
Biochemical Parasitology 125, 23-33.
86.- de Souza, W., Rodrigues, J.C.F. and Urbina, J.A. (2002) Effects of inhibitors of the
ergosterol biosynthesis on the structural organization of trypanosomatids. Recent
Research Developments in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 5, 79-97.
87.- Urbina, J.A., Payares, G., Sanoja, C., Molina, J., Lira, R. and Romanha, A. (2003) In
vitro and in vivo activities of ravuconazole on Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of
Chagas disease. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 27-38.
88.- Urbina, J.A., Payares, G., Sanoja, C., Molina, J., Lira, R., Brener. Z. and Romanha,
A. (2003) Parasitological cure of acute and chronic experimental Chagas disease using
the long-acting experimental triazole TAK-187. Activity against drug-resistant
Trypanosoma cruzi strains. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 21, 39-48.

9. 89.- Urbina, J.A. (2003) Rational approaches to specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease.
In: World Class Parasites: Volume 7. American Trypanosomiasis. Tyler, K.M. and Miles,
M.A., Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 127-135.
90.- Urbina, J.A. (2003) New chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of Chagas
disease (American Trypanosomiasis). Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 13, 661-
669.
91.- Urbina, J.A., Concepcion, J.L., Montalvetti, A., Rodriguez, J.B. and Docampo, R.
(2003) Mechanism of action of 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate (WC-9) against
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy 47, 2047-2050.
92.- Urbina, J.A. and Docampo, R. (2003) Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease:
controversies and advances. Trends in Parasitology 19, 495-501.
93.- Magaraci, F., Jimenez C.J., Rodrigues, C., Rodrigues, J.C.F., Braga M.V., Yardley,
V., de Luca-Fradley, K., Croft, S.L., de Souza, W., Ruiz-Perez, L.M., Urbina, J.A.,
Gonzalez- Pacanowska, D. and Gilbert, I.H. (2003) Azasterols as Inhibitors of Sterol 24-
Methyltransferase in Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, J.Med.Chem. 46, 4717-4727.
94.- de Castro, S.L., Santa-Rita, R., Urbina, J.A., Croft, S. L. (2004) Antiprotozoal
lysophospholipid analogues: a comparison of their activity against Trypanosomatid
parasites and tumor cells. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 4, 139-148.
95.- Garzoni, L.R., Caldera, Aura, Meirelles, M.N.L., de Castro, S. L., Docampo, R. ,
Meints, G:A., Oldfield, E. and Urbina, J.A. (2004) Selective in vitro effects of the
farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor risedronate on Trypanosoma cruzi.
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 23, 273-285.
96.- Garzoni, L.R., Waghabi, M. C., Baptista, M.M., de Castro, S. L., Meirelles, M.N.L.,
Docampo, R., Britto, C., Oldfield, E. and Urbina, J.A. (2004) Antiparasitic activity of
risedronate in a murine model of acute Chagas’ disease. International Journal of
Antimicrobial Agents 23, 286-290.
97.- Quiñonez, Wilfredo, Urbina, J.A., Dubourdier, M. and Concepcion, J.L. (2004) The
glycosome membrane of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes: protein and lipid composition.
Experimental Parasitology 106, 135-149.
98.- Urbina, J.A., Concepcion, J.L., Caldera, A., Payares, G.. Sanoja, C., Otomo, T. and
Hiyoshi, H. (2004) In vitro and in vivo activities of E5700 and ER-119884, two novel
orally active squalene synthase inhibitors, against Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy 48, 2379-2387.
99.- Braga, M.V., Urbina, J.A. and de Souza, W. (2004) Effects of squalene synthase
inhibitors on the growth and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi. International Journal of
Antimicrobial Agents 24, 72-78.
100.- Dantas-Leite, L., Urbina, J.A., de Souza, W.,Vommaro, R.C. (2004) Selective anti-
Toxoplasma gondii activities of azasterols. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
23. 620-626.
101.- Lorente, S.O., Rodrigues, J.C.F., Jiménez, C.J., Joyce-Menekse, M., Rodrigues, C.,
Croft, S.L., Yardley, V., de Luca-Fradley, K., Ruiz-Pérez, L.M., Urbina, J.A., de Souza,
W., González-Pacanowska, D. and Gilbert, I.H. (2004) Novel Azasterols as Potential
Agents for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis, Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy 48, 2937-2950.

10. 102.- Guedes, P.M.M., Urbina, J. A., Lana, M., Afonso, L.C.C., Veloso, V.M., Tafuri,
W.L., Machado-Coelho, G.L.L., Chiari, E. and Bahia, M.T. (2004) Activity of the New-
Triazole Derivative Albaconazole (UR-9825) Against Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum)
cruzi in a Dog Host, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, 4286-4292.
103.- Dantas-Leite, L., Urbina, J.A., de Souza, W.,Vommaro, R.C. (2005)
Antiproliferative synergism of azasterols and antifolates against Toxoplasma gondii.
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 25, 130-135.
104.- Corrales, M., Cardozo, M., Segura, M.A., Urbina, J.A. and Basombrío. M.A. (2005)
Efficacy of TAK-187, a long lasting ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, in preventing
cardiac damage in a murine model of Chagas disease. A comparative study with
benznidazole, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, 1556-1560.
105.- Santa-Rita, R., Lira, R. Barbosa, H.S., Urbina, J.A. and
de Castro, S.L. (2005) Antiproliferative synergism of lysophospholipid analogues and
ketoconazole against Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae): cellular
and ultrastructural analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 55, 780-784.
106.- Lorente, S.O., Gomez, R., Jimenez. C.J., Cammerer, S., Yardley, V., de Luca-
Fradley, K., Croft, S.L., Ruiz Perez, L.M., Urbina J., Gonzalez Pacanowska, D., Gilbert,
I.H. (2005) Biphenylquinuclidines as inhibitors of squalene synthase and growth of
parasitic protozoa, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 13, 3519-3529.
107.- Rodrigues J.C., Urbina, J.A. and de Souza W. (2005) Antiproliferative and
ultrastructural effects of BPQ-OH, a specific inhibitor of squalene synthase, on
Leishmania amazonensis. Exp. Parasitol. 111, 230-238.
108.- Croft S.L., Barrett M.P. and Urbina J.A. (2005) Chemotherapy of trypanosomiases
and leishmaniasis. Trends Parasitol. 21, 508-512.
109.- Hudock, M. P., Sanz-Rodriguez, C. E., Song, Y., Chan, J. M., Zhang, Y., Odeh, S.,
Kosztowski, T., Leon-Rossell, A., Concepcion, J. L., Yardley, V., Croft, S. L., Urbina, J.
A., Oldfield, E. (2006) Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi Hexokinase by Bisphosphonates.
J. Med. Chem. 49, 215-223.
110.- Benaim, G., Sanders, J.M., Garcia-Marchán, Y., Colina. C., Lira, R., Caldera, A.R.,
Payares, G., Sanoja, C., Burgos, J.M., Leon-Rossell, A., Concepcion, J.L., Schijman,
A.G., Levin, M.L., Oldfield, E. and Urbina, J.A. (2006) Amiodarone has intrinsic anti-
Trypanosoma cruzi activity and acts synergistically with posaconazole. J. Med. Chem. 49,
892-899.
111.- Palmie-Peixoto, I. V., Rocha, M. R., Urbina, J. A., de Souza, W., Einicker-Lamas,
M., Machado Motta, M. C. (2006) Effects of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors on
endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 255, 33-42.
112.- Silva, D. T., de Meirelles, N., Almeida, D., Urbina, J. A. and Pereira, M. C. (2006)
Cytoskeleton reassembly in cardiomyocytes infected by Trypanosoma cruzi is triggered
by treatment with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Int J Antimicrob Agents 27, 530-537.
113.- Gros, L., Castillo-Acosta, V. M., Jimenez Jimenez, C., Sealey-Cardona, M., Vargas,
S., Manuel Estevez, A., Yardley, V., Rattray, L., Croft, S. L., Ruiz-Perez, L. M., Urbina,
J. A., Gilbert, I. H., Gonzalez-Pacanowska, D. (2006) New azasterols against
Trypanosoma brucei: role of 24-sterol methyltransferase in inhibitor action.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, 2595-2601.
114.- Martins-Duarte, E. S., Urbina, J. A., de Souza, W., Vommaro, R. C. (2006)
Antiproliferative activities of two novel quinuclidine inhibitors against Toxoplasma

11. gondii tachyzoites in vitro. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58, 59-65.
115.- Berman, J., Bryceson, A. D., Croft, S. L., Engel, J., Gutteridge, W., Karbwang, J.,
Sindermann, H., Soto, J., Sundar, S., Urbina, J. A. (2006) Miltefosine: issues to be
addressed in the future. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 100S, S41-S44.
116.- Urbina, J. A. (2006) Mechanisms of action of lysophospholipid analogues against
trypanosomatid parasites. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 100S, S9-S16.
117.- Ferraz, M.L., Gazzinelli, R.T., Alves, R.O., Urbina J.A., Romanha, A.J. (2007) The
anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of Posaconazole in a murine model of acute Chagas
disease is less dependent on interferon-γ than that of Benznidazole. Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy 51, 1359-1364.
118.- Sanz-Rodriguez, C. E., Concepcion, J. L., Pekerar, S., Oldfield, E., Urbina, J. A.
(2007) Bisphosphonates as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi hexokinase: Kinetic and
metabolic studies. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 12377-12387.
119.- Granthon, A. C., Braga, M. V., Rodrigues, J. C., Cammerer, S., Lorente, S. O.,
Gilbert, I. H., Urbina, J. A., de Souza, W. (2007) Alterations on the growth and
ultrastructure of Leishmania chagasi induced by squalene synthase inhibitors. Vet.
Parasitol. 146, 25-34.
120.- Sealey-Cardona, M. , Cammerer, S. , Jones S. , Ruiz Pérez, L.M., Brun R., Gilbert,
I.H., Urbina, J.A., González-Pacanowska, D. (2007) Kinetic characterization of squalene
synthase from Trypanosoma cruzi: selective inhibition by quinuclidine derivatives.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, 2123-2129.
121.- Rodrigues, J.F.C., Bernardes, C.F., Visbal, G., Urbina, J.A., Vercesi, A.E., de
Souza, W. (2007) Sterol methenyl transferase inhibitors alter the ultrastructure and
function of Leishmania amazonensis mitochondrion leading to potent growth inhibition.
Protist 158, 447-456.
122.- Cammerer, S. B., Jimenez, C, Jones, S., Gros, L., Lorente, S. O., Rodrigues, C.,
Rodrigues, J. C., Caldera, A., Ruiz Perez, L. M., da Souza, W., Kaiser, M., Brun, R.,
Urbina, J. A., Gonzalez Pacanowska, D., Gilbert, I. H. (2007). Quinuclidine Derivatives
as Potential Anti-parasitics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, 4049-4061.
123.- Maia, C., Attias, M., Urbina, J., Gilbert, I., Magaraci, F., de Souza, W. (2007)
Azasterols impair Giardia lamblia proliferation and induces encystation. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 363, 310-316.
124.- Tarleton, R. L., Reithinger, R., Urbina, J. A., Kitron, U., Gurtler, R. E. (2007) The
challenges of Chagas Disease-- grim outlook or glimmer of hope. PLoS Medicine 4, e332.
125.- Gerpe, A., Odreman-Nuñez, I., Draper, P., Boiani, L. A., Urbina, J. A., Gonzalez,
M., Cerecetto, H. (2008) Heteroallyl-containing 5-nitrofuranes as new anti-Trypanosoma
cruzi agents with a dual mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem. 16, 569-577.
126.- Fernandes, J.C., Concepcion, J.L., Rodrigues, C., Caldera, A., Urbina, J.A., de
Souza, W. (2008) In vitro activities of ER-119884 and E5700, two potent squalene
synthase inhibitors, against Leishmania amazonensis: antiproliferative, biochemical and
ultrastructural effects. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52(11): 4098-114.
127. Jimenez-Jimenez, C., J. Carrero-Lerida, Sealey-Cardona, M., Ruiz Perez, L. M.
Urbina, J. A., Gonzalez Pacanowska, D. (2008). D24(25)-
sterol methenyltransferase:
intracellular localization and azasterol sensitivity in Leishmania major promastigotes
overexpressing the enzyme. Mol Biochem Parasitol 160(1): 52-9.

12. 128.- Ferraz, M.L., Gazzinelli, R.T., Alves, R.O., Urbina J.A., Romanha, A.J. (2009)
Absence of CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, or B lymphocytes has different
effects on the efficacy of posaconazole and benznidazole in treatment of experimental
acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53: 174-9.
129.- Ishida K., J.C. Rodrigues, M.D. Ribeiro, T.V. Vila, W. de Souza, J.A. Urbina, C.V.
Nakamura, S. Rozental (2009) Growth inhibition and ultrastructural alterations induced
by D24(25)-
sterol methyltransferase inhibitors in Candida spp. isolates, including non-
albicans organisms, BMC Microbiol 9, 74.
130.- Reithinger R., R.L. Tarleton, J.A. Urbina, U. Kitron, R.E. Gurtler (2009)
Eliminating Chagas disease: challenges and a roadmap, BMJ 338 b1283.
131.- Torres-Santos E.C., M.I. Sampaio-Santos, F.S. Buckner, K. Yokoyama, M. Gelb,
J.A. Urbina, B. Rossi-Bergmann (2009) Altered sterol profile induced in Leishmania
amazonensis by a natural dihydroxymethoxylated chalcone, J Antimicrob Chemother 63,
469-472.
132.- Urbina, J.A. (2009) Ergosterol biosynthesis and drug development for Chagas
disease, Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104 Suppl 1, 311-318
133.- Urbina, J.A. (2009) New advances in the management of a long neglected disease.
Clin Infect Dis 49(11): 1685-1687.
134.- Urbina, J.A. (2010) Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: Relevance, current
limitations and new approaches. Acta Trop. 115, 55-68.
135.- Pinazo, M. J., Espinosa, G., Gallego, M., Lopez-Chejade, P., Urbina, J.A.
Gascon, J. (2010) Successful treatment with posaconazole of patient with chronic Chagas
disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 82, 583-587.
136.- Olivieri, B. P., Molina, J., de Castro, S. L., Pereira, M., Calvet, C.M., Urbina, J. A.
Araujo-Jorge, T. C. (2010) A comparative study of posaconazole and benznidazole in the
prevention of heart damage and promotion of trypanocidal immune response in a murine
model of Chagas disease. Int J. Anticrob. Agents, 36, 79-83.
137.- Diniz, L.F., Caldas, I.S., Guedes, P. M., Crepalde, G. P., Lana, M., Carneiro, C. M.,
Talvani, A., Urbina, J.A., Bahia, M. T. (2010) Effects of ravuconazole treatment on
parasite load and immune response in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma
cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54, 2979-2983.
138.- Urbina, J.A. (2010) New insights in Chagas’ disease treatment. Drugs of the Future
35, 409-419.
139.- Adesse, D., Azzam E.M., Meirelles, M.N.L., Urbina, J.A., Garzoni, L.R. (2011).
Amiodarone inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi infection and promotes cardiac cell recovery
with gap junction and cytoskeleton reassembly in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother
55, 203-210.
140.- de Andrade Rosa, I., Rocha, D. A., de Souza, W., Urbina, J. A., Benchimol, M..
(2011) Ultrastructural alterations induced by D24(25)
-sterol methyltransferase inhibitors
on Trichomonas vaginalis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 315, 72-78.
141.- Ishida, K., Fernandes Rodrigues, J. C., Cammerer, S., Urbina, J. A., Gilbert, I., de
Souza, W., Rozental, S. (2011) Synthetic arylquinuclidine derivatives exhibit antifungal
activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilopsis. Ann Clin
Microbiol Antimicrob 10, 3-10.
142.- Ishida, K., Visbal, G., Rodrigues, J. C., Urbina, J. A., de Souza, W.
Rozental, S. (2011) Two squalene synthase inhibitors, E5700 and ER-119884, interfere

13. with cellular proliferation and induce ultrastructural and lipid profile alterations in a
Candida tropicalis strain resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B. J
Infect Chemother, 17(4): 563-570.
143.- de Macedo-Silva, S. T., de Oliveira Silva, T. L., Urbina, J. A., de Souza, W., and
Rodrigues, J. C. (2011) Antiproliferative, Ultrastructural, and Physiological Effects of
Amiodarone on Promastigote and Amastigote Forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Mol
Biol Int 2011, 876021.
144.- Rodrigues-Poveda, C. A., Perez-Moreno, G., Vidal, A. E., Urbina, J. A., Gonzalez-
Pacanowska, D., and Ruiz-Perez, L. M. (2012) Kinetic analyses and inhibition studies
reveal novel features in peptide deformylase 1 from Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem
Parasitol 182, 83-87.
145.- Veiga-Santos, P., Barrias, E. S., Santos, J. F., de Barros Moreira, T. L., de
Carvalho, T. M., Urbina, J. A., and de Souza, W. (2012) Effects of amiodarone and
posaconazole on the growth and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Antimicrob
Agents 40, 61-71.
146.- Pérez-Moreno, Guiomar, Marco Sealey-Cardona, Carlos Rodrigues-Poveda,
Michael H Gelb, Luis Miguel Ruiz-Pérez, Víctor Castillo-Acosta, Julio A Urbina, and
Dolores González-Pacanowska (2012) Endogenous Sterol Biosynthesis Is Important for
Mitochondrial Function and Cell Morphology in Procyclic Forms of Trypanosoma
Brucei. International Journal for Parasitology 42, 975-989.
147.- Buckner, F. S. and Urbina, J. A. (2012) Recent developments in sterol 14-
demethylase inhibitors for Chagas disease. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs
and Drug Resistance 2, 236-242.
148.- Diniz, L. d. e. F., Urbina, J. A., de Andrade, I. M., Mazzeti, A. L., Martins, T. A.,
Caldas, I. S., Talvani, A., Ribeiro, I., and Bahia, M. T. (2013) Benznidazole and
posaconazole in experimental Chagas disease: positive interaction in concomitant and
sequential treatments, PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7, e2367.
149.- de Macedo-Silva S.T., Urbina J.A., de Souza W. and Rodrigues J.C.F. (2013) In
Vitro Activity of the Antifungal Azoles Itraconazole and Posaconazole against
Leishmania amazonensis. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083247
150.- Rocha, Débora Afonso Silva, Ivone de Andrade Rosa, Julio A Urbina, Wanderley
de Souza, and Marlene Benchimol. The Effect of 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydoxyquinuclidine
(BPQ-OH) and Metronidazole on Trichomonas Vaginalis: A Comparative Study. (2014)
Parasitology Research 113(6), 2185-2197.
151.- Shang, Na, Qian Li, Tzu-Ping Ko, Hsiu-Chien Chan, Jikun Li, Yingying Zheng,
Chun-Hsiang Huang, Feifei Ren, Chun-Chi Chen, Zhen Zhu, Melina Galizzi, Zhu-Hong
Li, Carlos A Rodrigues-Poveda, Dolores Gonzalez-Pacanowska, Phercyles Veiga-Santos,
Tecia Maria Ulisses de Carvalho, Wanderley de Souza, Julio A Urbina, Andrew H-J
Wang, Roberto Docampo, Kai Li, Yi-Liang Liu, Eric Oldfield and Rey-Ting Guo. (2014)
Squalene synthase as a target for Chagas disease therapeutics. PLoS Pathog 10 (5):
e1004114.
152.- Tarleton, R.L., Gürtler, R.E., Urbina, J.A., Ramsey, J. and Viotti, R. (2014). Chagas
disease and the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLoS Neglected
Tropical Diseases, 8(10), e3219.

14. 153.- Urbina, J.A. (2014), Recent Clinical Trials For The Etiological Treatment Of
Chronic Chagas Disease: Advances, Challenges And Perspectives. The Journal of
Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62(1), 149-56.
154.- Veiga-Santos, P., Li, K., Lameira, L., de Carvalho, T.M., Huang, G., Galizzi, M.,
Shang, N., Li, Q., Gonzalez-Pacanowska, D., Hernandez-Rodriguez, V., Benaim, G.,
Guo, R.T., Urbina, J.A., Docampo, R., de Souza, W. & Oldfield, E. (2015). SQ109: A
New Drug Lead for Chagas Disease. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 59(4),
1950-56.
155.- Soy D., Aldasoro E., Guerrero L., Posada E., Serret N., Mejía T., Urbina J.A. &
Gascón J. (2015). Population pharmacokinetics of benznidazole in adult patients with
Chagas disease. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 59(6), 3342-9.
156.- de Macedo-Silva S.T., Visbal, G., Urbina J.A., de Souza W. and Rodrigues J.C.F.
(2015). Potent in vitro antiproliferative synergism of combinations of ergosterol
biosynthesis inhibitors against Leishmania amazonensis. Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy, 59(10), 6402-18.
157.- Urbina, J.A. (2015). Recent clinical trials for the etiological treatment of chronic
Chagas disease: advances, challenges and perspectives. The Journal of Eukaryotic
Microbiology, 62(1), 149-56.
158.- Urbina, J.A. and McKerrow, J.H. (2015). Drug susceptibility of genetically
engineered Trypanosoma cruzi strains and sterile cure in animal models as a criterion for
potential clinical efficacy of anti-T. cruzi drugs. Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy, 59(12), 7923-4.
5. DISTINCTIONS
1970-1975, Graduate Fellowship, National Research Council of Venezuela (CONICIT)
1987, Prize to Best Publication in Biological Sciences. National Research Council of
Venezuela (CONICIT)
1989, Prize to Best Publication in Medical Sciences. National Research Council of
Venezuela (CONICIT)
1991, Prize to Best Publication in Biological Sciences. National Research Council of
Venezuela (CONICIT)
1993, Top Level Investigator (Level III). National Research Council of Venezuela
(CONICIT)
1994, Prize to Best Publication in Biological Sciences. National Research Council of
Venezuela (CONICIT)
1992, 1995, Advisor, World Health Organization. Special Programme for Research and
Training on Tropical Diseases (TDR).

15. 1988,1990,1993, Visiting Scientist, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical
Chemistry. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
1992-2000, Visiting Scientist, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois, at
Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A.
1989, 1991,1994, Visiting Scientist, Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio
de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
1994, Visiting Scientist, Centro de Biociencias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual
del Norte Fluminense, Campos, Brasil.
1996,1999 Visiting Professor, Institute of Parasitology "Lopez Neyra" Granada, Spain.
1996-1997, Fellow, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, New York, U.S.A.
1997, Lorenzo Mendoza Fleury Prize for Basic Sciences, Fundación Polar, Caracas,
Venezuela.
1997, Prize to Best Publication in Biological Sciences. National Research Council of
Venezuela (CONICIT)
1999, Visiting Professor, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas
Gerais, Brazil.
2000-2005, International Research Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy
Chase, Maryland, U.S.A.
2003-2009, Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, Drugs for Neglected Diseases
Initiative (DNDi).
2007-2009, Chairman, Scientific Advisory Committee, Drugs for Neglected Diseases
Initiative (DNDi).
2003-2010, Member, Product Development Team, Chagas Disease, WHO/TDR.
2009-present, Consultant, Chagas Drug Discovery Consortium, Center for Tropical
& Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens.
2007-2012, Consultant, Schering-Plough (now Merck).
2008-2010 Consultant, Pan-American Health Organization
2009-2010, Consultant, Novartis.

16. 2011- September to December, Visiting Senior Scientist, INMETRO, Ministry of
Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, Brazil.
2012-2014 Scientific Advisor, Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, University of
California, San Francisco.
2013- March, Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
2015, Scientific Advisor, Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.