Music history overview

Overview ofOverview of
Music HistoryMusic History
Adapted by Julie StephensAdapted by Julie Stephens

Answer on your surface/edmodo You
might have to guess – that’s okay!
Where do you think music came from?
When do you think it was started?
What type (s) of music do you think
were first performed and notated?

Middle Ages / MedievalMiddle Ages / Medieval
450 – 1450450 – 1450
Sacred MusicSacred Music
 Mostly vocal music until 1100Mostly vocal music until 1100
 After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played.After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played.
 The organ was the most popular then.The organ was the most popular then.
 Most notated music was sacredMost notated music was sacred

Why? The church had control over learning.Why? The church had control over learning.
 Most composers were anonymous because they wereMost composers were anonymous because they were
taught that it was wrong to take credit and brag abouttaught that it was wrong to take credit and brag about
their works. They were taught that God would betheir works. They were taught that God would be
unhappy with them.unhappy with them.

450 – 1450450 – 1450
 Secular music – non-religiousSecular music – non-religious
 Troubadours traveled the country, singingTroubadours traveled the country, singing
their love songs.their love songs.
 They used drums, bagpipes, harps, andThey used drums, bagpipes, harps, and
recorders.recorders.
 Why do you think they didn’t notate theirWhy do you think they didn’t notate their
music?music?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgQAEwLUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgQAEwLU
search:Ensemble Gilles Binchoissearch:Ensemble Gilles Binchois

Answer on your surfaceAnswer on your surface
 What makes Sacred music different fromWhat makes Sacred music different from
Secular music?Secular music?
 Which was more likely to be notated?Which was more likely to be notated?

 Gregorian Chant: The earliest music of theGregorian Chant: The earliest music of the
Middle Ages was sung slowly and withoutMiddle Ages was sung slowly and without
rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang therhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the
same thing.same thing.
 These tunes are also called GregorianThese tunes are also called Gregorian
Chant, which were named after PopeChant, which were named after Pope
Gregory I.Gregory I.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=712QrVEkahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=712QrVEka

 Polyphony: Later on other musical linesPolyphony: Later on other musical lines
were added, creating harmony. This iswere added, creating harmony. This is
also called polyphonic music.also called polyphonic music.
 This is music for more than one voice andThis is music for more than one voice and
it appeared during the later Medievalit appeared during the later Medieval
period. This marked the beginning ofperiod. This marked the beginning of
harmony.harmony.

Continued…
 What was the earliest music of the Middle
Ages?
 What kind of music appeared later in the
Middle Ages? What did it have that made
it different?

BalladBallad
 Ballads were sung outside of churchesBallads were sung outside of churches
and told stories.and told stories.
 Topics included love, war, and heroes.Topics included love, war, and heroes.
 Every other line rhymes within a verse–Every other line rhymes within a verse–
ABABABAB
 Verse One: Verse Two:Verse One: Verse Two:

…….. A ….C.. A ….C

…….. B ….D.. B ….D

……. A ….C. A ….C

……. B ….D. B ….D

Answer on your surface
 Answer these questions.
1. In the Medieval Period, where did you go to
learn?
2. What was a popular church instrument near the
end of this period?
3. Who traveled singing love songs?
4. What type of songs are slow, without rhythm or
harmony?

On your Surface
1. What is the form / rhyme scheme of a
ballad?
1. What does anonymous mean?

Name___________________________________________________ Period ________
Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period?
Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before After
_____ _____ 1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired
tutors to educate their children.
_____ _____ 2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same
melody and rhythms at the same time.
_____ _____ 3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
_____ _____ 4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
_____ _____ 5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
_____ _____ 6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
_____ _____ 7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
_____ _____ 8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing
during the Renaissance.
_____ _____ 9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.

RenaissanceRenaissance
 Renaissance means “rebirth”- in this case,Renaissance means “rebirth”- in this case,
it was a rebirth of Greek and Romanit was a rebirth of Greek and Roman
culture.culture.
 It lasted from 1450-1600.It lasted from 1450-1600.
 The middle and upper classes hiredThe middle and upper classes hired
people to educate their children.people to educate their children.
 The printing press was invented andThe printing press was invented and
popularized the music of great composers.popularized the music of great composers.

Renaissance MusicRenaissance Music
 Most Renaissance music is polyphonic –Most Renaissance music is polyphonic –
two or more voices being heard withtwo or more voices being heard with
different rhythms.different rhythms.
 Near the end of the Renaissance, chordalNear the end of the Renaissance, chordal
music appeared. The voices movedmusic appeared. The voices moved
together in chords.together in chords.

 What does Renaissance mean?What does Renaissance mean?
 What was invented that popularized theWhat was invented that popularized the
music of great composers?music of great composers?
 What does it mean for music to beWhat does it mean for music to be
polyphonic in the Renaissance timepolyphonic in the Renaissance time
period?period?

Vocal A Capella MusicVocal A Capella Music
 Madrigals - These song forms were performed inMadrigals - These song forms were performed in
groups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal isgroups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal is
secular music and were usually love songs.secular music and were usually love songs.
 Motets - a polyphonic work with four or five voiceMotets - a polyphonic work with four or five voice
parts singing one religious Latin text.parts singing one religious Latin text.
 Mass - follows the religious service of theMass - follows the religious service of the
Catholic Church and is sung in a very specificCatholic Church and is sung in a very specific
order: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus,order: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus,
Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. It is performed inBenedictus, and Agnus Dei. It is performed in
Latin.Latin.

Instrumental MusicInstrumental Music
 There was a growth in instrumental music,There was a growth in instrumental music,
especially the lute and keyboard. Theespecially the lute and keyboard. The
most popular instrument of themost popular instrument of the
Renaissance was the lute.Renaissance was the lute.
 Most instrumental music was written forMost instrumental music was written for
singing and dancing.singing and dancing.

 Palestrina’s musicPalestrina’s music
shows pitch andshows pitch and
rhythm.rhythm.
 He was Italian andHe was Italian and
wrote mostly religiouswrote mostly religious
works.works.
 He is considered oneHe is considered one
of the great mastersof the great masters
of Renaissanceof Renaissance
music.music.
 He wrote motets,He wrote motets,
madrigals, andmadrigals, and
masses.masses.

Renaissance Listening ExampleRenaissance Listening Example
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIcrgNtyX0Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIcrgNtyX0U
 Missa Papae Marcelli by PalestrinaMissa Papae Marcelli by Palestrina

1. What does Renaissance mean?
2. When two or more voices are singing different
rhythms, what is that called? Missa Papae
Marcelli was an example of this.
3. Out of madrigals, motets, and masses, which is
NOT religious?
4. What two things was instrumental music used
for in the Renaissance?
5. Who was a great Renaissance composer?

Baroque
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnjqGhAlFzhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnjqGhAlFz
 Johann Sebastian Bach

BaroqueBaroque
 1600-17501600-1750
 Baroque refers to highly decorated musicBaroque refers to highly decorated music
and art.and art.
 Unity – repeating rhythms and melodicUnity – repeating rhythms and melodic
patternspatterns
 Sudden dynamic and tempo changesSudden dynamic and tempo changes
 Music was ornamented and improvised.Music was ornamented and improvised.

Baroque MusicBaroque Music
 Orchestras begin to formOrchestras begin to form
 Opera developsOpera develops
 Was written for and heard only by kingsWas written for and heard only by kings
and nobility and the Churchand nobility and the Church
 Venice, Italy was the center of BaroqueVenice, Italy was the center of Baroque
musicmusic
 Harpsichord was more popular than theHarpsichord was more popular than the
piano.piano.

 What two things could drastically changeWhat two things could drastically change
in music from the Baroque period?in music from the Baroque period?
 What musical group began to form?What musical group began to form?
 Where was the center of Baroque music?Where was the center of Baroque music?

FugueFugue
 The subject is stated by the first voice.The subject is stated by the first voice.
 The other voices then enter imitating theThe other voices then enter imitating the
same subject, one at a time.same subject, one at a time.
 The voices alternate subject and answer.The voices alternate subject and answer.

What about this?What about this?
 What form of music had a theme orWhat form of music had a theme or
subject that was repeated by differentsubject that was repeated by different
voices at different times?voices at different times?
 How is this different from a round?How is this different from a round?

Baroque Listening ExampleBaroque Listening Example
““Fugue in G Minor”Fugue in G Minor”
By J. S. BachBy J. S. Bach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WhPUqpaRphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WhPUqpaRp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLA1YVN-30Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLA1YVN-30M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax-7kYRA88Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax-7kYRA88Q

 Answer these questions on your surface. Try to
do this without using your notes if you can. Use
sentences!
1. In the Baroque period, there were extreme
changes in what two musical elements?
2. What musical group began to form during the
Baroque period?
3. What type of vocal music was being
developed during this period?
4. What was the popular keyboard instrument
during the Baroque period?

Pick two time periods that we have done so
far.
Compare and contrast them. You may use
your notes.
Make sure you have at least 2 ways they
are similar and 2 ways that they are
different.


What are at least two differences between aWhat are at least two differences between a
round and a fugue?round and a fugue?

Describe the subject of a fugue.Describe the subject of a fugue.

Classical Activation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKhH2hRa-
 Mozart Clip
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSL5-wxgvFhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSL5-wxgvF
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CDNENgxTJuMv=CDNENgxTJuM

Classical PeriodClassical Period
 The Classical period began around 1750The Classical period began around 1750
and lasted until 1830.and lasted until 1830.
 This was when Benjamin Franklin wasThis was when Benjamin Franklin was
discovering electricity.discovering electricity.
 The United States was forming at thisThe United States was forming at this
time.time.

Music of the Classical PeriodMusic of the Classical Period
 Music was simpler to play than BaroqueMusic was simpler to play than Baroque
music.music.
 Music was written for everyone.Music was written for everyone.
 Common people began attendingCommon people began attending
concerts.concerts.
 Emotions were controlled in the music.Emotions were controlled in the music.
 There were not extremes in tempo,There were not extremes in tempo,
dynamics, etc. like in the Baroque period.dynamics, etc. like in the Baroque period.

Some QuestionsSome Questions
 Was the music simpler or more complex inWas the music simpler or more complex in
the Classical time period than the music inthe Classical time period than the music in
the Baroque time period?the Baroque time period?
 What were the emotions in the music like?What were the emotions in the music like?

Classical MusicClassical Music
 A symphony usually has 3 or 4A symphony usually has 3 or 4
movements and uses the entire orchestra.movements and uses the entire orchestra.
 Orchestras were small, around 40 people,Orchestras were small, around 40 people,
at the beginning of this period. They grewat the beginning of this period. They grew
larger near the end.larger near the end.
 Rondo form, ABACA, was commonlyRondo form, ABACA, was commonly
used. It alternates between one mainused. It alternates between one main
themes and contrasting themes.themes and contrasting themes.

Can you answer this?Can you answer this?
 How many movements did symphoniesHow many movements did symphonies
normally have?normally have?
 Did the orchestras grow in size or shrinkDid the orchestras grow in size or shrink
towards the end of the time period?towards the end of the time period?
 What form was commonly used in theWhat form was commonly used in the
Classical time period?Classical time period?

Classical Listening ExampleClassical Listening Example
 ““Rondo alla turka”Rondo alla turka”
 By Wolfgang Amadeus MozartBy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=geER3iQDO5kv=geER3iQDO5k
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_PF9itjbfdIv=_PF9itjbfdI

8th
Grade
 Answer these questions in your journals. Try to
do this without using your notes if you can. Use
sentences!
1. In the Classical period, music was for whom?
2. In Classical music, were there large contrasts in
tempo and dynamics?
3. What has a few movements and is for an entire
orchestra?
4. What is the type of song with a form that is
ABACA?

Romantic Era
v=enmJ5PwxD7ov=enmJ5PwxD7o
 The Romantic Era begins with Ludwig von
Beethoven
v=sJQ32q2k8Uo&list=RD8xPuSzvCSQAv=sJQ32q2k8Uo&list=RD8xPuSzvCSQA

Romantic PeriodRomantic Period
 The Romantic period began around 1830The Romantic period began around 1830
and ended around 1900.and ended around 1900.
 Yes, there was some overlap between theYes, there was some overlap between the
classical period and romantic period.classical period and romantic period.
 Beethoven bridged the two periods duringBeethoven bridged the two periods during
his lifetime.his lifetime.

Romantic MusicRomantic Music
 Program music tells a story or describesProgram music tells a story or describes
something.something.
 Music is filled with passion and drama.Music is filled with passion and drama.
 Composers used music to overwhelm listenersComposers used music to overwhelm listeners
with emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieceswith emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieces
about love and heartbreak and magical fantasiesabout love and heartbreak and magical fantasies
about goblins, witches, and swans.about goblins, witches, and swans.
 The orchestra is arranged as we know it andThe orchestra is arranged as we know it and
was led by a conductor with a baton.was led by a conductor with a baton.
 The most popular instrument was the piano.The most popular instrument was the piano.

Can you answer these?Can you answer these?
 Who bridged the Classical and RomanticWho bridged the Classical and Romantic
time periods?time periods?
 What is program music?What is program music?
 What was the most popular instrument?What was the most popular instrument?

Romantic Listening ExampleRomantic Listening Example
 Finale, Swan LakeFinale, Swan Lake
 By TchaikovskyBy Tchaikovsky
v=SXJawzOLS3kv=SXJawzOLS3k

1. Who bridged the gap between Classical
and Romantic music?
2. In the Romantic period, music is filled
with what and what?
3. What is program music?

Modern Music
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ce4TCth0gGM&feature=PlayList&p=0C
7DE3935191D7D6&playnext=1&playnext_
from=PL&index=1
 John Cage Piano Sonata X for prepared
piano

Modern PeriodModern Period
1900 – Present1900 – Present

NeoclassicalNeoclassical
 Composer:Composer: Aaron CoplandAaron Copland
 Uses techniques used inUses techniques used in BaroqueBaroque andand
ClassicalClassical periodsperiods
 OppositionOpposition to current musical trendsto current musical trends
v=cr6CnG5dmvMv=cr6CnG5dmvM

SerialismSerialism
 Composer:Composer: Arnold SchoenbergArnold Schoenberg
 Music hasMusic has no tonal centerno tonal center
 Randomly uses all 12 notes of the scale in aRandomly uses all 12 notes of the scale in a
tone rowtone row
 AleatoricAleatoric: created by chance.: created by chance.
v=PT2cIdbRCNcv=PT2cIdbRCNc

Answer these!Answer these!
 What type of music used techniques fromWhat type of music used techniques from
the Baroque and Classical time periods?the Baroque and Classical time periods?
 What type of music used all 12 notes ofWhat type of music used all 12 notes of
the scale in a tone row?the scale in a tone row?

MinimalismMinimalism
 Composer:Composer: Phillip GlassPhillip Glass
 Uses smallUses small patternspatterns to createto create
effectseffects
 ExtendedExtended OstinatiOstinati
 DronesDrones in the backgroundin the background
 http://www.youtube.com/watchttp://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=9YRzS9y-8S8h?v=9YRzS9y-8S8

ElectronicElectronic
 Composer:Composer: Karlheinz StockhausenKarlheinz Stockhausen
 UsesUses tape loopstape loops
 Found soundsFound sounds, recorded then modified, recorded then modified
with computer.with computer.
 Synthesized soundsSynthesized sounds: original sounds are: original sounds are
artificially created.artificially created.
v=aNt6a5xFOnEv=aNt6a5xFOnE

What about this?What about this?
 What type of music used tape loops?What type of music used tape loops?
 What type of music used small patterns toWhat type of music used small patterns to
create effects?create effects?

Modern ReviewModern Review
 A time of musical experimentationA time of musical experimentation
 Electronic music becomes a main focusElectronic music becomes a main focus
 Atonality – Music without a tonal centerAtonality – Music without a tonal center
 Broken into CurrentsBroken into Currents
1.1. NeoclassicalNeoclassical
2.2. SerialismSerialism
3.3. MinimalismMinimalism
4.4. ElectronicElectronic

Modern Music Categorize
Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire, “Nacht”
Stravinsky’s Symphony in Three Movements
or Aaron Copland’s Appalachian Spring
Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge
(literally "Song of the Youths")
John Adam’s Shaker Loops

1. Define a tone row.
2. What repeats small patterns and uses
drones in the background?
3. Who is a composer of Minimalism
music?
4. List the types of modern music.

The EndThe End
 This ends our journey through theThis ends our journey through the
different time periods of music history.different time periods of music history.
 This does not include current musicalThis does not include current musical
styles from across the world, includingstyles from across the world, including
popular music of our own country.popular music of our own country.
 SourceSource
http://www.cdschools.org/Page/3703http://www.cdschools.org/Page/3703

Music history overview

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