The orchestra

3. Related terms
● Conductor: The leader of the orchestra, band or
choir. The conductor stand in front of the group and
directs them in the performance.
● Concertmaster: The principal violinist.(orchestra)
● The principal clarinet( band)
● Baton: A stick used by conductors to keep time and
guide the players or singers.

4. INSTRUMENTAL GROUPS
● Symphony orchestra: It is a big group of
instrumentalists which includes string, brass, woodwind
and percussion instruments.
● Chamber orchestra: It is a small orchestra designed to
perform in small spaces. Includes around 25 musicians
● String orchestra: It only includes string instruments.
● Band: It includes all the instruments but no string
instruments.

5. •Is the largest family in actual
numbers
• Has four members
• Each has four strings
• Are bowed or plucked

6. Bowed Plucked

7. Violin Viola
Cello
Double Bass

8. VIOLIN
● Smallest string instrument in
the orchestra
● High sound.
● Four strings.
● Use a stick called a “bow” or
“Pizzicato” (pluck to play)

9. VIOLA
● This may look like a violin,
but It’s a bit larger in size.
● It is also in the "middle
register" of the string family.
● The sound of the viola is
deeper.

10. CELLO
● 3rd largest of string
instruments of the orchestra.
● Low sound.
● Sit to play.
● Four strings.
● Use a stick called a “bow” or
“Pizzicato” (pluck to play)

11. DOUBLE BASS
● 4th largest
● Very low sound
● Stand to play
● Four strings
● Use a stick called a “bow” or
“Pizzicato” (pluck to play)

12. • Four members.
• Common ancestor is the animal horn.
• Are played by blowing while buzzing lips.

13. Trumpet
Trombone
French Horn
Tuba

14. TRUMPET
● Highest sounding instrument
of the brass family.
● “Cup” shape mouthpiece.
● “Buzz” lips to play.
● 3 “keys”or“valves”

15. TROMBONE
● Low sound.
● “cup” shape mouthpiece.
● “Buzz” lips to play
● “Slide” – only instrument
that has slide to change
notes instead of keys.
● Trombone means “big
trumpet”.

16. FRENCH HORN
● “Buzz” your lips to play.
● Cup shaped mouthpiece.
● 3 “keys” or “valves”.

17. TUBA
● Lowest sounding instrument
of the brass family.
● “Cup” shape mouthpiece.
● “Buzz” lips to play
● 3 “keys” or “valves”.

18. • All of the members are or once were,
made of wood
• Most of them use reeds on the mouthpiece

19. The clarinet, oboe and bassoon are wind instruments
that sound when the player's breath causes a reed (a
thin blade of cane) to vibrate, thereby setting up a
sound wave in an enclosed air column.

20. Flute
Clarinet
Oboe
Saxophone

21. FLUTE ● High sound.
● Many keys.
● No reed, blow “across”
mouthpiece.
● Usually made out of metal.
● Played sideways.

22. CLARINET
● Single reed instrument.
● Medium to high sound.
● Has many “keys”.

23. OBOE
● Double reed instrument.
● “Nasal” sound.
● Many keys.
● The oboe is widely used in
classical compositions.

24. SAXOPHONE
● Single reed.
● Many keys.
● Made of metal.
● Four sizes:
● -Soprano saxophone
● -Alto saxophone
● -Baritone saxophone
● -Bass saxophone

25. BASSOON
● Double reed instrument
● Low sound
● Many keys

26. • Some are pitched
• Some are unpitched
•Percussion instruments may be
played one of three ways:
Struck
Shaken
Scraped

27. Tuned instruments
Tubular bells or chimes
- These are metal tubes of
different lengths that are
hung in a frame.

28. Xylophone
- It is made of graduated
wooden bars, each tuned to
a note.

29. Glockenspiel
- It is made in the same as
the xylophone except that
its bars are made of metal
instead of wood.

30. Vibraphone
- It is like a large-sized
glockenspiel. It has two
rows of tuned metal bars
struck with beaters to
produce tones.

31. Non-tuned Percussions
Bass drum
- It is a large drum with a
vellum head. The vellum is
an animal skin parchment
stretched over a frame of
the drum.

32. Snare drum
- It is also called the side
drum, has two drum heads.

33. Timpani
- It is also called
kettledrums. It is a set of
bowl-shaped drums struck
with a pair of mallets.

34. Triangle
- It is a metal rod shaped
into a triangle with one
open corner.

35. Tambourine
- It is a small drum with
only one drumhead.
- It is played by shaking
and hitting it with a
hand or by banging it
against the knee.

36. Cymbals
- These are two thin
brass plates, which a
player strikes together
to produce a very loud
sound.