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3. Country Capital
China (PRC) Beijing
Japan Tokyo
North Korea Pyongyang
South Korea Seoul
Taiwan (ROC) Taipei
Mongolia Ulaan Baatar

5. Japanese vocal music is quite different
from the Western vocal music, and is
based on the intervals of human
breathing rather than mathematical
timing, and how Japanese musicians
show their spiritual self-mastery in
mastering his or her instrument more
than simply perfecting a technique of
some sort and how they give value to
their performance and composure.

6. Instrumental music of Japan
Traditional Japanese music is
basically meditative in character. Its
performance is highly ritualized, as
much in the music itself, as in the
composure of the musicians when
performing it. Japanese chamber
and solo music have a slow
meditative pace.

7. The performance of Japanese
music has traditionally been of a
spiritual character, similarly to
martial arts and other forms of art
such as the tea ceremony and
calligraphy. It is usually about
religious festivals, work, dance,
love, and regional songs.

8. Audiences are looking for this self-
mastery in musicians. This is the
reason why music has become highly
ritualized. Musicians must show this
spiritual self-mastery in their
performance and composure. They
work on an inner strength in
mastering his or her instrument, more
than simply perfecting a technique of
some sort and providing
entertainment.

9. Percussion
Instruments
(Membranophone)
1. Odaiko -
physical
(big drum).
The energy
and
sheer
excitement of an Odaiko
performance is an integral part
of many Japanese matsuri
(festivals).

10. 2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-
shape) – There are
two varieties; the
(smaller) kotsuzumi is
held on the right
shoulder and the
player alters the tone
by squeezing the
laces. The (bigger)
otsuzumi is placed on
the left thigh.

11. 3. Tsuridaiko – a
large hanging
barrel drum

12. 4. Taiko - is a Japanese drum
that comes in various sizes and
is used to play a variety of
musical genres.

13. String
Instruments
(Chordophone)
1. Koto - is a 13-string zither, about
two meters long and made of
Paulownia wood. It is plucked using
picks on the thumb and first two
fingers of the right hand, while the
left hand can be used to modify
pitch and tone. Koto is used in an
ensemble in gagaku or as a solo

16. 2. Shamisen - is a plucked
stringed instrument. Its
construction follows a model
similar to that of a guitar or a
banjo, employing a neck, and
strings stretched across a
resonating body. The neck of the
shamisen is fretless, and is
slimmer than that of a guitar or a
banjo.

18. 3. Biwa - is a Japanese short-
necked fretted lute, often used in
narrative storytelling. The biwa is
the chosen instrument of Benten,
the goddess of music, eloquence,
poetry, and education in Japanese
Shinto.

19. Wind
Instruments
(Aerophone)
1. Shakuhachi - the
most famous flute
made from bamboo. It
has 4 or 5 finger holes
on the front face and a
thumbhole on the rear
face.

20. 2. Nokan - a
parallel, bamboo
flute is the only
melodic instrument
used in noh. The
melody of the flute
has no specific
pitch relationship
with the melody of
the chanting.

21. 3. Hichiriki - is a
double reed
Japanese flute
used as one of two
main melodic
instruments in
Japanese gagaku
music, the other
being the ryūteki.

22. 4. Sho - is a
Japanese free
reed musical
instrument that
was introduced
from China during
the Nara period.

23. 5. Shinobue – also
called takebue (in
the context of
Japanese
traditional arts) is a
Japanese
transverse flute or
fue that has a high-
pitched sound.

24. 6. Ryūteki -
literally "dragon
flute" is a
Japanese
transverse fue
made of bamboo.
It is used in
gagaku.

25. IDENTIFICATION:
Identify the musical
instruments of Japan.

26. SHINOBUE SHO PIPA
YUNLUO TSUZUMI HICHIRIKI
PENGLING YUEQIN RYUTEKI
SHAKUHACHI KOTO TSURIDAIKO
BIWA SHENG ODAIKO
ZHENG TAIKO ERHU

27. For several thousand years Chinese
culture was dominated by the
teachings of the philosopher
Confucius, he conceived music in the
highest sense as a means of calming
the passion of dispelling of unrest and
lust, rather than as a form of
amusement.

28. Traditionally the Chinese have believed
that sound influences the harmony of the
universe. Significantly, one of the most
important duties of the first emperor of
each new dynasty was to search out and
establish that dynasty’s through standard
of pitch. A result of this philosophical
orientation was that the Chinese
theoretically opposed music performed
solely for entertainment.

29. - Moon-
1. Yueqin
shaped
shorte
r
lute
wit
h neck
and
four strings,
played with a
spectrum, used
fo
r
accompanying

30. 2. Pipa - Four-stringed
lute with 30 frets and
a pear-shaped body.
This instrument has
an extremely
wide dynamic
range and remarkable
expressive power.

31. 3. Erhu - Two-stringed
fiddle and one of the
most popular Chinese
instruments. It is used
as a solo instrument as
well as in small
ensembles or large
orchestra, and by
various ethnic groups.

32. 4. Yunluo - Literally
"cloud gongs" or
"cloud of gongs", the
yunluo is a set of ten
small tuned gongs
mounted in a
wooden frame.

33. 5. Sheng – (Chinese
mouth organ) looks
like a set of panpipes,
with 12 to 36 bamboo
pipes. Each pipe is of
different length with a
brass reed at the
bottom and a hole
that must be blocked
in order for the note to
sound.

34. 6. Dizi - is the traditional
Chinese flute. It can have a
membrane over an extra hole
to give the characteristic
rattle effect.

35. 7. Zheng
ancient
- An
Chinese
instrumen
t has an
that
arched
surface and an
elongated-
trapezoid with 13
to 21 strings
stretched over
individual bridges.

36. 8. Pengling - these
are two smallbells
made of high-tin
bronze, without
internal clappers,
and hemispheric or
bottomless gourd-
like in shape.

37. Listening
Activity
Find a partner and prepare a pen
and a paper for this activity.
Listen to recordings of different
instruments of Korea. Classify
the instrument heard into string,
percussion, or wind.

38. Analysi
s
What kind of feeling or mood
does it express?
How do these sounds show
aspects of Korean culture?
What similarities with other East
Asian countries can you identify
in these sounds?

39. Korea's folk music tradition, with its
generous use of bright rhythms and
melodies, offers a more energetic
and capricious contrast to the
nation's collection of classical music
works.

40. Chong – ak means
literally "right (or
correct) music",
Chong-ak also refers
to ensemble music
for men of high social
status outside of the
court.

41. minsogak is a
Sog-ak or
category
of
Korean music
traditionally associated with the
lower classes or for the general
public and are vibrant and
energetic. It includes genres
such as pansori and minyo.

42. Pansori is a kind of
music presented to
audiences by skilled
vocal singers and
drummers. But even the
unskilled could sing
these songs.

43. Instrumental Music of Korea
Korean music especially in
South Korea has a rich
vocal tradition, and
diverse instruments and
music forms. Folk songs,
religious works, court
music, and shaman
rituals all express the soul of a
nation whose history isfilled

44. String Instruments
1. Kayagum (gayageum) - is a
traditional Korean zither-like
string instrument, with 12
strings, although more recently
variants have been
constructed with 21 or more
numbers
probably
traditional
of strings. It is the
best-known
Korean musical
instrument

46. 2. Geomungo – (six-string plucked
zither), is a traditional Korean
stringed musical instrument of the
zither family of instruments with
both bridges and frets.

47. 3. Haegum (two-string vertical
fiddle) – It has a rodlike neck, a
hollow wooden soundbox, two
silk strings, and
Is held vertically
on the knee of
the performer
and played with
a bow.

48. Wind Instruments
Piri - it is made of bamboo. Its large
reed and cylindrical bore gives it a
sound mellower than
that of many other types of oboe.

49. Percussion Instrument
Changgo - is the most widely used drum
used in the traditional music of Korea. It
is available in most kinds, and consists
of an hourglass-shaped body with two
heads made from
animal skin.

50. (Cherry Blossom
s)
is a
Sakura –
traditional Japanese folk song
season of
depicting spring, the
cherry blossoms.

53. Mo Li Hua - is a traditional Chinese
song with a beautifully gentle and
lyrical melody. The lyrics is about
“the jasmine flower” also turn it into
a love song.

56. Arirang - is a Korean folk song,
sometimes considered the unofficial
national anthem of Korea. It is used as
a symbol of Korea and Korean culture.
Arirang is in essence a song of
farewell. The origin of the word
'Arirang' is ‘the hill’. An emotion of
deep regret is imbued in the rhythm of
Arirang. The song evokes the feeling
of the tears shed by Koreans and the
remembrance of their sad stories.

59. Express
Yourself
On an oslo paper, draw a
creative illustration on the
relationship of man and
nature as reflected in three
folk songs you have learned.
Present and describe your
illustration to the class.

60. SYNTHES
IS JAPAN
• Japanese music was influenced by the
court music of China
• It is based on the five tone scale or the
pentatonic scale
• Before the historical period, the Japanese
traditional music (Hogaku) develop an
accompaniment of ritual dances called
Kagura.
• In religion, Confucianism propagated the
themes on loyalty and filial piety while
Shintoism inculcated the idea that music is a
gift from God.

61. • Before the historical period, the
Japanese traditional music (Hogaku)
develop an accompaniment of ritual
dances called Kagura.
• In religion, Confucianism propagated
the themes on loyalty and filial piety
while Shintoism inculcated the idea that
music is a gift from God.
• Japanese music is monophony in
nature. It observes minute tones, free
rhythm and delicate timbre. It is usually
written in duple meter.

62. • Japanese music has two basic types of
scales, both pentatonic in nature, that are
often used in playing the koto and shamisen.
• These are the male scale called Yo – sen
and the female scale known as In – sen.
• The most important note in the pentatonic
scale is the corner stone or the third note.
• Japanese Vocal music is quite different from
the Western vocal Music, and is based on the
intervals of human breathing rather than
mathematical timing.

63. • Japanese musicians show their spiritual self-
mastery in mastering his or her instrument
more than simply perfecting a technique of
some sort and how they give value to their
performance and composure.
• Traditional Japanese music is basically
meditative in character.
• Its music and performance are highly
ritualized, as is the composure of the
musicians when performing it.
• Japanese chamber music and solo music
have a slow meditative pace and use
concrete elements

64. • Japanese music has three general types
of instruments - percussion
instruments (odaiko, tsuzumi, shoko,
tsuridaiko, taiko), string instruments
(koto, shamisen, biwa), and wind
instruments -mostly flutes (shakuhachi,
nokan, sho, hichiriki).
• Compared to our music, Japanese music
is very simple. They sing melodies in
unison and they never repeat the same
melody in a song.

65. There are two ancient foundations for
Japanese traditional music.
SHOMYO:
• Is also called Buddhist chanting.
• The chants are based on sacred text and
hymns.
• They have flexible rhythm, where the singers
simply stops when there is no more breath
• They are sung acapella and are
monophonic texture
• At present, the SHOMYO has lost its real
religious nature

66. GAGAKU:
• Literally means “elegant and refined
music”.
ga – refined gaku – music
• It is the only surviving music in Japan.
• This court music has been greatly
influenced by China.
• Bugaku- Japanese court dance

67. MUSICAL STYLES
a.Togaku – highest musical style or
court music.
b. Komagaku – Korean origin and of
native composition associated with
rituals of the Shinto religion.
c.Saibara – Is a small number of
regional Japanese folk songs.

68. CHINA
• Chinese vocal music has traditionally
been sung in a thin, non-resonant
voice, or in falsetto
• Chinese vocal music is usually solo
rather than choral.
• All traditional Chinese music is
melodic rather than harmonic.
• Chinese music uses the pentatonic
scale as can be heard in the song
“Mo Li Hua”.

69. • Xiaodiao, or short tunes, are popular
music in Chinese urban areas.
• Chinese musical instruments are
classified according to the materials
by which they are made: animal
skins, gourd, bamboo, wood, silk,
earth/clay, metal, and stone.

70. KORE
A
• Korean music has a slow tempo, giving it a
very peaceful and pensive character.
• Yayue - an elegant music which includes
ritual and ceremonial court music
• Suyue - popular music
• Huyue - foreign music
• A-ak - elegant vocal and instrumental
music
• Pansori is a kind of music presented to
audiences by skilled vocal singers and
drummers.

71. ASSESSME
NT

72. 1. A 13-string zither instrument
of Japan.
2. Literally a “dragon flute” and
used in gagaku.
3. A set of ten small tuned gongs
mounted in a wooden frame.
4. A kind of music presented to
audiences by skilled vocal
singers and drummers.

73. 5. Made of bamboo and a wind
instrument of Korea.
6. A Korean folk song,
sometimes considered the
unofficial national anthem of
Korea.
7. A moon-shaped lute with
shorter neck and four strings.
8.-9. The two varieties of Tsuzumi
Instrument.

74. 10. A Japanese short-necked fretted
lute, often used in narrative
storytelling.
11. A Chinese four-stringed lute with
30 frets and a pear-shaped body.
12. A traditional Korean stringed
musical instrument of the zither
family of instruments with both
bridges and frets.
13.-18. The 6 East Asian Countries

75. 19. A Japanese transverse
flute or fue that has a high-
pitched sound.
20. A Chinese mouth organ
that looks like a set of
panpipes, with 12 to 36
bamboo pipes.
21.-26. The 6 Aerophone
Japanese Instrument

76. 27. A traditional Chinese song
with a beautifully gentle and
lyrical melody.
28. A traditional Korean zither-
like string instrument with 12
strings.
29. A plucked stringed
instrument of Japan.
30. This is the big drum of

77. 31. Two-stringed fiddle and one
of the most popular Chinese
instruments.
32. These are two small bells
made of high-tin bronze, without
internal clappers and
hemispheric or bottomless
gourd-like in shape.
33. The most widely used drum in
the traditional music of Korea.

78. 34. A large hanging barrel drum.
35.-37. Give the 3 String
Instruments of Korea.
38. This is called Buddhist
chanting.
39. A traditional Japanese folk
song depicting the season
“spring”.
40. An elegant vocal and
instrumental music of Korea.

79. 41. A musical style which has a small
number of regional Japanese folk
songs.
42. A Japanese court dance.
43. A category of Korean music
traditionally associated with the
lower classes or for the general
public.
44. In Korea, this is an elegant music
which includes ritual and ceremonial
court music.