2. Hot application
Hot application is the
application of a hot agent, warmer
than skin either in a moist or dry
from on the surface of the body
3. Purpose
To relive pain and congestion,
To provide warmth,
To promote healing,
To decrease muscle tone
To soften the exudates.
4. COLD APPLICATION
Cold application is the
application of a cold agent cooler
than skin either in a moist or dry
form, on the surface of the skin.
5. Purpose
To reduce pain and body temperature,
To anaesthetize an area,
To control hemorrhage,
To control the growth of bacteria,
To prevent gangrene,
To prevent edema and
To reduce inflammation.
6. Classification of Hot Application
Local
Dry heat ( hot water, chemical, Infrared rays ,
Heating Lamps, Electric Heating Pad)
Moist Heat ( warm soaks, Hot Fomentation
(compresses), sitz bath)
General
Dry heat ( sun bath, Blanket bed)
Moist Heat ( steam bath)
7. Classification of cold Application
Local
Dry cold ( Ice bag, Ice pack, Chemical cold packs)
Moist cold ( Ice to suck, cold compress, Evaporating
lotion)
General
Dry cold ( Hypothermia)
Moist cold ( cold sponnging, cold bath)
8. Temperature of hot & cold
Application
description Temperature Appilcation
Very Cold Below 15 C Ice bag
Cold 15-18 C Cold Packs
Cool 18-27 C Cold compresses
Tepid 27-37 C Alcohol Sponge bath
Warm 37-40 C Warm bath
Hot 40-46 C Hot Soak, Hot comresses
Very Hot Above 46 C Hot water bag for Adult
9. Physiological effect of Hot & Cold
Application
Hot Application Cold Application
Peripheral vasodilatation Peripheral constriction
Increased capillary Permeability Decreased capillary Permeability
Increased oxygen consumption Decreased oxygen consumption
Decreased muscle tone Decreased muscle tone
Increased blood flow Decreased blood flow
Increased motility of Leukocytes Decreased motility of Leukocytes
Increased local metabolism Decreased local metabolism
10. Contra indication for hot
application
Malignancies
Impaired kidney, Heart or Lung Function
Acute inflamed Areas
Edema
Headache
11. Complications of Hot Application
Pain
Burn
Redness of the skin
Hyperthermia
12. Contraindications of Cold
Applications
shock and collapse
Edema.
Circulatory disorders.
Decreased sensation
Patients with shivering and very low temperature,
Cold should not be applied when there is infected
wound