General Mechanism of various amination reactions

2. AMINES
IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, AMINES ARE COMPOUNDS AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS THAT CONTAIN A BASIC
NITROGEN ATOM WITH A LONE PAIR. AMINES ARE FORMALLY DERIVATIVES OF AMMONIA, WHEREIN ONE OR
MORE HYDROGEN ATOMS HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY A SUBSTITUENT SUCH AS AN ALKYL OR ARYL GROUP.

3. N
H
H R N
R
H R
N
R
R R
Primary Secondary Tertiary

4. AMINATION
AMINATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH AN AMINE GROUP IS INTRODUCED INTO AN ORGANIC MOLECULE.
THIS TYPE OF REACTION IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE ORGANO NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ARE PERVASIVE.

5. AMINATION REACTIONS
• AMINATION CAN OCCUR IN A NUMBER OF WAYS INCLUDING REACTION WITH AMMONIA OR ANOTHER
AMINE SUCH AS AN ALKYLATION, REDUCTIVE AMINATION AND THE MANNICH REACTION.
• MANY ALKYL AMINES ARE PRODUCED INDUSTRIALLY BY THE AMINATION OF ALCOHOLS USING AMMONIA
IN THE PRESENCE OF ACID CATALYSTS.
• IN ELECTROPHILIC AMINATION, THE AMINE AS THE NUCLEOPHILE REACT WITH ANOTHER THE ORGANIC
COMPOUND AS THE ELECTROPHILE.
• IN HYDROAMINATION, AMINES ADD TO ALKENES.

6. REDUCTIVE AMINATION
REDUCTIVE AMINATION IS A FORM OF AMINATION THAT INVOLVES THE CONVERSION OF A CARBONYL GROUP
TO AN AMINE VIA AN INTERMEDIATE IMINE. THE CARBONYL GROUP IS MOST COMMONLY A KETONE OR AN
ALDEHYDE. IT IS CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT WAY TO MAKE AMINES.

7. MECHANISM OF REDUCTIVE AMINATION

8. MANNICH REACTION
THE MANNICH REACTION IS AN ORGANIC REACTION WHICH CONSISTS OF AN AMINO ALKYLATION OF AN
ACIDIC PROTON PLACED NEXT TO A CARBONYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP BY FORMALDEHYDE AND A PRIMARY OR
SECONDARY AMINE OR AMMONIA.

9. MECHANISM OF MANNICH REACTION

10. ELECTROPHILIC AMINATION
ELECTROPHILIC AMINATION IS A CHEMICAL PROCESS INVOLVING THE FORMATION OF A CARBON–NITROGEN
BOND THROUGH THE REACTION OF A NUCLEOPHILIC CARBANION WITH AN ELECTROPHILIC SOURCE OF
NITROGEN.

11. MECHANISM OF ELECTROPHILIC REACTION