A method for preparation of toothpaste in lab.

1. EXPERIMENT 11
AIM: Preparation of toothpaste.
REQUIREMENTS:
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), Calcium carbonate, Methyl cellulose,
Polyethylene glycol, Glycerine, Menthol, Calcium fluoride, Water.
THEORY:
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean
and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to
promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental
plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and
delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent
tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis).
Importance of toothpaste:
1. Toothpaste and a proper brushing action work to remove plaque-a
sticky, harmful film of bacteria that grows on your teeth and causes
cavities, gum disease and eventual tooth loss--if not controlled!
2. Toothpaste contains that all-important "fluoride," which beefs up
the entire tooth structure, making it more resistant to decay. Fluoride
also promotes remineralization, which aids in repairing early decay
before the damage can even be seen.
3. Special ingredients in toothpaste help to clean and polish teeth and
remove stains over time. Regularly brushed teeth help make a whiter
smile.
4. Toothpastes help freshen breath and leave the mouth with a clean,
fresh feeling.

2. Essential quality of toothpaste:
Homogeneity.
Viscosity.
Specific gravity should not be less than 1.5.
pH should be slightly alkaline.
Taste should be sweet and pleasant.
Last for some specific time (generally 2 years).
Adequate foaming.
Flavour should be good.
Colour should be according to choose.
Common types of toothpaste:
1. Children’s toothpaste
This type of toothpaste typically contains less fluoride than those
designed for adults. This is because of the health risks posed to
children who might accidentally ingest too much fluoride. Children’s
toothpaste also has fewer abrasives in it since kids’ teeth are much
more sensitive than those of adults. Additionally, children’s
toothpaste is flavoured with the candy-loving tastes of youngsters in
mind.
2. Smoker’s toothpaste
This toothpaste is formulated specifically for those who smoke
tobacco. Smokers often find that their teeth become stained as a result
of drawing tobacco smoke into their mouths. As time passes, tar
causes teeth become tainted with yellowish-brown patches.
Toothpaste for smokers usually contains cleansing agents designed to
make teeth look whiter.
3. Teeth-whitening toothpaste
Even if people don’t smoke, they are still susceptible to dental stains
that come about as a result of consuming certain kinds of foods such

3. as coffee, tea or cola. Teeth-whitening toothpaste contains cleansers
and abrasives that help remove or lessen the appearance of those
stains.
4. Sensitive teeth toothpaste
Some individuals have teeth that are sensitive to hot or cold
substances. Sensitive teeth toothpaste contains potassium nitrate, a
substance which can help to reduce the painful sensations associated
with this condition.
5. Herbal toothpaste
This type of toothpaste is a popular option for people who are either
sensitive to the ingredients in regular toothpaste or who simply want a
more natural cleansing alternative. You should be aware that some of
these toothpastes contain no fluoride. Dentists always recommend
toothpastes that do contain fluoride because this ingredient protects
enamel and strengthens teeth.
General ingredients in a toothpaste:
•Mild abrasive. With some help from your toothbrush, these help to
remove debris and surface stains.
E.g., precipitated calcium carbonate, Phosphates of calcium, SiO2.
•Humectants. This ingredient helps to prevent water loss, and keeps
your toothpaste from drying out or getting gummy.
E.g., Sorbitol 70, Glycerine, Propylene glycol.
•Flavouring agents. This is what gives your toothpaste a little bit of
sweetness, and that minty fresh scent. Since these do not contain
sugar, they also do not promote tooth decay.
E.g., Sodium saccharin, Chloroform, Cinnamon.
•Thickening agents. Also known as binders, these help to stabilize
the toothpaste formula.
E.g., Cellulose, guar or xanthan gums.

4. •Detergent. That foaming action comes from detergent. It also helps
to spread the toothpaste through your whole mouth, and helps clean
teeth.
E.g., Sodium lauryl sulphate (ROSO3Na), Sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
PROCEDURE:
Ingredients
(% w/w)
Formula 1 Formula 2
Sodium lauryl sulfate
(SDS)
1.5 3
Calcium carbonate 40 36
Methyl cellulose 1.5 1
Polyethylene glycol 3 5
Glycerine 25 35
Menthol 1.5 2
Calcium fluoride 0.15 0.1
Water 27.35 17.9
1. Take half quantity of water and add gum / tragacanth powder
into it. Heat the solution to get a gel (part A).
2. Add detergent, glycerine, flavouring oils and all other materials
under stirring in the remaining half quantity of water (part B).
3. Mix solid calcium carbonate and saccharin well and add into it
the part B.
4. Add part B into warm solution of part A, under slow stirring.
5. Continue the stirring till a homogeneous paste is formed.
6. Add flavouring agent and colouring agents at the end.