Classification of matter ppt

1. MATTER
Classification in terms of Chemical Composition

2. OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this section, you should be
able to:
1. differentiate pure substances and
mixtures; elements and compounds;
homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture
and
2. Describe separation techniques for
mixtures and compounds

4. PURE SUBSTANCE
• A single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other
kinds of matter by any physical means
• Consists only of one type of atom, molecule, or compound.
• All samples of a pure substance contain only that
substance and nothing else.
• Has a definite and constant composition
• Includes elements and compounds
• All element and compounds are pure substance

5. MIXTURES
• A physical combination of two or more pure
substance in which each substance retains its own
chemical identity
• The parts or components of a mixture are simply
mixed together physically and can be separated
• The properties of mixture are a combination of the
different properties of the components
• Small rock salt crystals and ordinary sand, halo-halo,
chicken macaroni soup (sopas), Air, Cereal and milk

7. ELEMENT
• A pure substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler pure substances by
chemical means such as a chemical
reaction, an electric current, heat, or a
beam of light
• Simplest form of matter
• Example: Silicon, Carbon, Oxygen

8. COMPOUND
•A pure substance that can be
broken down into two or more
simpler pure substances by
chemical means
•A substance that contains two or
more elements chemically
combined in a fixed proportion

10. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
• A mixture that contains only one visibly
distinct phase (part), which has uniform
properties throughout
• Any mixture that is uniform
throughout; only one phase of matter
is present
• Example: Air, Sugar Water, Steel

12. HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
• A mixture that contains visibly different
phases, each of which has different
properties
• A nonuniform appearance is a
characteristic of all heterogeneous mixtures
• Pizza, Vegetable soup, Bowl of colored
candies

14. SEPARATING MIXTURES
•Filtration- good for separating an
insoluble a solid from a liquid. It
can be done to separate sand
(insoluble solid) from a mixture of
sand and water mixture.

16. SEPARATING MIXTURES
•Evaporation- good for separating a
soluble solid from a liquid.

18. SEPARATING MIXTURES
•Simple Distillation- good for
separating a volatile liquid from
non-volatile substances in a
solution.