2. TRIVIA
Why the ship addressed as she?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cEJ9cROO9c
True answer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_64p9zWji4&t=1s
3. Deck Watchkeeping
Function 1
Explain the operational procedures of steering control systems and the
selection of the mode of steering suitable for the prevailing weather, sea and
traffic conditions and intended maneuvers.
Discuss the watchkeeping duties as part of the bridge team, in different
weather, sea and traffic conditions, utilizing all bridge equipment in ensuring
the safety of navigation.
12. AUTOPILOT
An autopilot (or pilot) is a mechanical, electrical or hydraulic
system which can maintain a vessel on a predetermined (set)
course without the need for human intervention.
Using a direct or indirect connection with a vessel’s steering
mechanism, the autopilot relieves the crew from the task of
manually steering the ship.
13. Important terms
• Compass Starboard side
• Heading Port side
• Course Sea state
• Course over the ground
• Helm
• Rudder
• Rudder indicator
• Rate of turn
29. MODES OF STEERING GEAR
Follow Up Mode
• hand steering
• Auto-steering mode
Non-Follow Up Mode
• Done with a steering wheel but with a NFU Lever.
30.
31. Non-Follow Up Mode
The NFU lever does not
have any markings.
As long as it is kept pressed,
the rudder will continue turning
and stop the moment the lever is
released.
32. Non-Follow Up Mode
This mode is used when ships telemotor system fails.
In that case, the NFU lever sends rudder setting directly to the Control
Unit.
To return the rudder to the midship,
the NFU lever will have to be pressed to the opposite side of the initial
movement and kept pressed till the rudder is amidship
35. AUTOPILOT
• Autopilot is the use of an automatic system to control
the rudder on the vessel
• Use of autopilot can reduce the fuel consumption by
smoothing out the large angle rudder movements used
to hold a steady course.
• Efficient and adaptive autopilot operations allow small
deviations to course-line,
• This decreases the rudder movement and consequently
reduces fuel consumption.
41. 10 Things to Consider While Using Auto-Pilot
System on Ships
• 1. Rate of Turn and Rudder Limits
Manoeuvring characteristics
Turning by radius
42. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
2. Steering Gear Pumps
Steering gear pumps are used to pump hydraulic oil to actuate the
steering gear unit (RAM) which in turn moves the rudder in the
required direction.
43.
44.
45. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
2. Steering Gear Pumps
Traffic density where sudden and swift alterations
are required, maximum steering gear pumps shall be
running.
In ocean cruising and open sea navigation with less
traffic, the pumps running shall be reduced to its
minimum.
46. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
3. Off Course Alarm
An off-course alarm serves for the purpose of
notifying the operator if there is any difference in
the set course and the actual heading of the vessel.
48. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
4. Manual Mode
49. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
4. Manual Mode
The steering controls of the system can be
categorised as Automatic and Manual mode.
It allows the ship to be navigated either in Manual
mode or Automatic mode by switching the controls.
In Manual Mode, the vessel can be hand steered by
using the Follow-Up Helm or a Non-Follow up
emergency tiller.
50.
51. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
• Hand steering is used when the ship is
• manoeuvring, and
• navigating in restricted waters,
• channels and
• areas with traffic density traffic density.
• familiar with the procedure of inter-switching from Auto and Manual
modes.
57. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
• 5. Traffic Density
• manoeuvres to avoid a collision or close quarter situation
58. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
• 6. Speed
• The use of the auto-pilot is not recommended when
the ship is manoeuvring or steaming in very less
speed.
59. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
60. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
63. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
• Rough weather and hostile sea conditions have adverse
effects on the performance of the auto-pilot.
• Uncontrolled yawing of the ship can result in excessive
rudder movement.
• Modern auto-pilot system has Weather control option in
which the system automatically adjusts the setting to
adapt to the changing weather and sea conditions.
• It also provides an option for the user to manual set a
specific value.
64. 10 Things to Consider While Using Auto-Pilot
System on Ships
• 8. Gyro Compass
• The Auto-Pilot system is functionally dependant on the Gyro
Compass.
• If there is any error or fluctuation in the gyro heading, there will
be an equivalent change in the course steered.
• In worse cases, when gyro fails, the system will lose track on its
heading and will be unable to steer the required course.
65. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
9. Important Alarms and signals
• a. Failure or reduction in power alarm
• b. Sensor status monitoring
• c. Heading monitor:
66. 10 Things to Consider While
Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships
10. Important Limitations
