Its about basics of cancer

1. A Seminar on Cancer
By
G. Janani
B.Sc.Biochemistry
Madurai
June 10,2018
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2. Contents
 Introduction
 Models of cancer development
 Epidemiology
 History
 Causes , types
 Prevention
 Diagnosis and screening
 Treatment
 Recent research
 Conclusion
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3. Introduction
It is a disease where cells grow out of control .
HALLMARKS OF CANCER:
 Continuous cell growth and division
 Avoidance of programmed cell death
 Angiogenesis
 Metastases
Two types of cancer:
1. Benign
2. Malignant 3
cancerresearchuk.org
majordifferences.com

4. Models Of Cancer Development
Two models are proposed namely,
1)Two hit model
2)Cancer Stem cell model
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5. TWO HIT MODEL
The most aggressive characteristics of a cell promote
tumor .
5Author: Laurie Ann Demmer

6. CANCER STEM CELL
 This model is most supported by cancer researchers.
 Only the Cancer Stem Cell develop into tumor.
 The CSC move into G0 of the cell cycle.
 Later after months or years these cells move into active
phase of cell cycle.
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7. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 (American Cancer Society,2009a) suggested that
highest mortality rates are associated with cancers of
lung, breast, prostate and colon.
The three most common childhood cancers are,
 Leukemia (34%)
 Brain tumors (23%)
 Lymphomas (12%)
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8. HISTORY
 Cancer in Greek means “CRAB” .
 ‘Cancer poison' spread from the primary tumor through
the lymph nodes to other sites ("metastasis").
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TEM8/ANTXR1

9. CAUSES
9rayur.com

10. CAUSES
Infections such as,
 Human papiloma virus
 Epstein–Barr virus
 Hepato cellular carcinoma
 T-cell leukemia
 Bacterial infection may also increase the risk of cancer.
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11. HEREDITY
 Hereditary cancers are primarily caused by an inherited
genetic defect.
 Less than 0.3% of the population are carriers .
11sciencedaily.com

12. HORMONES
 Some hormones play a role in the development of cancer by
promoting cell proliferation.
conceptfertility.co.uk
• Insulin-like growth factors and hormones are important agents in
sex-related cancers.
• Obese
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Low exercise
• Some treatments and prevention approaches
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13. TYPES
 Carcinoma
 Sarcoma
 Lymphoma and leukemia
 Germ cell tumor
 Blastoma
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14. PREVENTION
• Physical activity
• Limit alcohol
• No tobacco
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http://blog.aicr.org

15. DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING
 Cytogenetics and immunohistochemistry are other types
of tissue tests.
 Mammogram
 Tests such as,
 Biopsy
 X-ray
 Scans ,etc
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www.fairview.org
renodiagnosticcenters.com

16. TREATMENT
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation
 Surgery
 Palliative care
 Immunotherapy
 Laser therapy
 Alternative medicine
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www.webmd.com
www.medicalnewstoday.com

17. RECENT RESEARCH
 Agents (e.g. viruses) and events (e.g. mutations).
 Genetic damage
 A convolution neural network to detect skin cancer.
 Christopher Rader, at The Scripps Research Institute
found out double whammy antibody.
 TG01, significantly prolonged 2-year overall survival of
patients with pancreatic cancer.
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18. CONCLUSION
 Limiting alcohol, smoking and tobacco
 Physical activity
 Periodical health checkup
 Surgery
With all this we can fight the killer disease easily.
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19. REFERENCES
1)Cancer Basics-Eggert, Julie; Oncology Nursing Society
Staff Oncology Nursing Society, 2009
2) employing-artificial-intelligence-for-cancer-detection/
3) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (6): 296–
9. doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.6.296. PMC 1279913 . PMID 12
042378.
4) Bright-sided: How the Relentless Promotion of Positive
Thinking Has Undermined America. Henry Holt and
Company. pp. 15–44. ISBN 978-0-8050-8749-9.
5) double-whammy-antibody-draws-t-cells-to-cancerous-
tumors/
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20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION
QUESTIONS ??
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