Electric vehicle , renewable energy power station, PV and WT power source.

1. Government Engineering College Ajmer
Department of Electronics Instrumentation and Control Engineering
Presented to : Mr. Ramesh Kumar
Presented by : Jaideep
College ID : 17EI18
Topic : Optimum, Fast and DC Microgrid Based EV Charging
Station Powered by Renewable Energy

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• EV MAIN COMPONENTS
• TYPES OF EV CHARGING
• CONDUCTIVE CHARGING
• INDUCTIVE CHARGING
• BATTERY SWAP
• TYPES OF CHARGERS
• CHARGING POWER STATIONS
• RENEWABLE RESOURCES FOR EV POWER STATION
• INTERFACING PV ARRAY
• INTERFACING WIND TURBINE
• INTERFACING BATTERY BANK
• ENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL STRATEGY
• MATLab SIMULIK

3. INTRODUCTION
The Electric Vehicle (EV)
Transportation systems
powered by electricity can
help to reduce the
consumption of petroleum:
battery electric vehicles
(EVs) would be plugged
into the grid, and their on-
board battery systems can
be recharged using clean,
renewable electricity. -The
lithium-ion battery is the
most expensive part of the
electric vehicle (EV).

4. ELECTRIC VEHICLE MAIN COMPONENTS
 TRACTION BATTERY PACK : Main source of power.
 DC/DC CONVERTER : This device converts higher voltage DC power from the
traction battery pack to the lower voltage DC power needed to run vehicle
accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
 ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR : This motor drives the vehicle’s wheels.
 ON-BOARD CHARGER : It takes the incoming AC electricity supplies via the
charge post and converts it to DC power for charging the traction battery. It
monitors battery characteristics such as voltage ,current , temperature and state
of charge while charging the pack.
 POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER: this unit manages the flow of electrical
energy delivered by the traction battery ,controlling the speed of the electric
traction motor and the torque it produces.
 THERMAL SYSTEM : This system maintains a proper operating temperature
range of the engine ,electric motor ,power electronics and other components.
 TRANSMISSION : It transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor
to drive the wheels.

8. CONDUCTIVE CHARGE
AC
ADVANTAGES
• Charge anywhere with
standard electrical outlet
• BMS (battery management
system) easy communication
DISADVANTAGE
• Power output limitation
• Relatively long charging time
DC
ADVANTAGES
• No limitation on charge size
and weight
• Power level flexibility
• Less charging time
• High investment
• Avaibility only at public
charging station
DISADVANTAGE
• Adverse impact on grid
• Supply network restriction
• BMS communication

10. STATIC INDUCTIVE CHARGING

11. INDUCTIVE CHARGING-STATIC
CHARGING
Advantage
• Convenience
• Suitable for self-driving cars
• Safe
Disadvantage
• High investment
• Limited space and weight of charging pads
• Misalignment tolerance
• Induction loss
• Radiation exposure

12. DYNAMIC INDUCTIVE CHARGING

13. INDUCTIVE CHARGING –DYNAMIC
Advantages
• Low stand-in charge time
• Low battery depth of discharge
• Smaller battery size
Disadvantage
• Foreign objects on the road
• Abrasion of the road surface
• Coil structure changes
• Flux leakage limitation
• Applicability of different car types
• Universal coil type selection
• Real-time coil misalignment estimation

14. BATTERY SWAP
Advantages
• Low EV cost ,battery on lease
• Better charging utilization during off peak hours
• Swapping time less than filling fuel
Disadvantages
• Standardized battery
interface
• Consumer acceptance
• SOH estimation
• Safety perspective

15. TYPES OF CHARGERS

16. RENEWABLE RESOURCES FOR ‘EV’ POWER
STATIONS

17. • The EVs are charged from DC microgrid through DC-DC converters
controlled by a charging regulation control scheme.
• The battery bank has a dual power flow in the whole system that acts
as the energy provider and consumer according to the condition of
wind turbine and PV panels’ production.
• The PV connected to the DC microgrid through a DC-DC converter
controlled by the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) scheme.
• The wind generator connected to the DC microgrid through an AC-
DC and DC-DC converters. At the same time, the battery bank
charged and discharged from DC microgrid using a bidirectional
DC-DC converter.
• DC faster chargers are largely used in the commercial chargers
stations. The capital cost of the charging station will be cut-price as
the prices of wind and solar PV generator apparatus come down.
• Any overabundant energy from WT and PV can be accumulated in
the energy storage batteries.
• The optimal sizing of WT, PV and battery capacities could depend
on the variance of wind velocities and solar irradiance.

18. THE BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER
INTERFACING PV ARRAY
• The boost conversion stage is used to regulate the voltage from the PV panel
and extract the maximum power. The PV panel voltage Vpv and the input
current Ipv are sensed frequently. Then the MPPT control algorithm utilizes
these two values and calculates the reference power that the PV panel
requires to be operated at MPP conditions.
• The MPPT is achieved using an inner current loop and an outer voltage
loop. By increasing the current drawn from the boost converter, results in
reducing the panel output.

19. THE BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER
INTERFACING WIND TURBINE
• Control of the Boost DC-DC Converter Interfacing Wind Turbine The control
scheme of the WT generator includes maximum power point extractor for
standalone variable speed WT with a permanent magnet synchronous generator
(PMSG) and DC bus voltage control. The boost power converter is correctly
adjusted to supply the maximum available generated power from the WT using
the rectified DC voltage and current drawn from the rectifier output .
• DC microgrid voltage will be in the range of 280–320 V. DC DC converters are
controlled to obtain maximum power point operation MPP to maximize
gathered wind power and to optimize the electrical energy produced by the PV .
• The aim of using the boost converter is to regulate the rectified DC voltage to a
higher voltage level for supplying generated power to the station DC microgrid.

20. BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER
INTERFACING BATTERY BANK
The bidirectional converter consists of a high-frequency inductor L, filtering
capacitor CDC and two half-bridge switches (S1 and S2), which enable a
bidirectional flow of current.
There are two voltage controllers :-
• The first controller is for DC-bus voltage regulation.
• The second controller is for battery voltage control.
To improve energy management in the charging station and the DC microgrid,
backup energy storage batteries are used.
The battery bank is connected to the DC-microgrid employing a bidirectional DC-
DC power converter .
The converter tasks :-
• A battery charging regular.
• A boost converter to supply power from the battery bank to the DC microgrid
when PV and WS have insufficient power to charge EV.

22. Daily profiles of renewable power generation and load of a power station

23. The simulink model to study DC microgrid

24. ENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL
STRATEGY
The control strategy is applied according to four different cases as
follows :-
• If Psources (Ppv + Pw) > Ppevs, then Pesu = Psources − Ppevs. If the
irradiance level and wind speed are high enough, the output power
empowers the connected electric vehicles, and the exceeding power
is stored in the battery bank.
• If Psources·(Ppv + Pw) = Ppevs, then Pesu = 0. That is, if the
irradiance level and wind speed are just enough, to empowers the
connected electric vehicles and no excess power to charge the
battery bank.
• If Psources < Ppevs and Ppevs − Psources ≤ Pesu, then Ppevs −
Psources = Pesu . That is, if the PV and wind generators cannot
supply the load, then he load is supplied directly from the DC-
microgrid, and the battery converter is switched on.
• If Psources < Ppevs and Ppevs − Psources > Pesu, in this case, the
energy stored in the battery bank is not enough to charge connected
PEVs . Then the PEVs and battery bank are disconnected.

25. THANK YOU
ANY QUERIES ???