2. ď Condition of liver inflammation as a result of an injury or infection is
called hepatitis.
ď Common cause is hepatitis virus and other infections, toxic substances
and autoimmune diseases
Types
SPAN OF DISEASE ETIOLOGY INDUCED BY
METABOLIC
DISORDERS
⢠ACUTE HEPATITIS â
less than 6 months
â˘CHRONIC HEPATITIS â
greater than 6 months
â˘VIRAL HEPATITIS â
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E,F
â˘ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS-
Excess consumption of
alcohol
â˘DRUG INDUCED
HEPATITIS-consumption of
drugs more than
recommended dose
(paracetamol, herbal
products)
â˘HEMOCHROMATOSIS
âaccumulation of iron
â˘WILSONâS DISEASE -
accumulation of iron
â˘ISCHEMIC HEPATITIS-
reduced blood to liver
â˘OBSTRUCTIVE
HEPATITIS â bile flow
obstruction due to bile
duct
â˘AUTOIMMUNE
HEPATITIS-
Bodyâs immune system
3. TYPES HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS D HEPATITIS E
Other
name
Hepatitis A
virus
Hepatitis B
virus
Hepatitis C
virus
Hepatitis D
virus
Hepatitis E
virus
Symptoms ⢠Fatigue
â˘Fever
â˘Abdominal
pain
â˘Appetite
loss
â˘Appetite
loss
â˘Fever
â˘Generalized
weakness
â˘Dark urine
â˘Jaundice
Acute
Hepatitis
â˘Appetite loss
â˘Fatigue
â˘Abdominal
pain
Chronic
Hepatitis
â˘Cirrhosis
â˘Ascites
â˘Varices
â˘Hepatic
encephalopath
y
â˘Mild fever
â˘Jaundice
â˘Dark urine
â˘Joint ache
â˘Nausea,
vomiting
â˘Fatigue
â˘Jaundice
â˘Anorexia
â˘Abdominal
pain
â˘Nausea,
vomiting
Transmiss
n
Fecal - oral Parentral and
close contact
Parentral and
close contact
Parentral
and close
Water borne
4. TYPES HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS
D
HEPATITIS E
ETIOLOG
Y
â˘Contaminat
ed food and
water
â˘Close
contact and
sexual
intercourse
with affected
person
â˘Contaminated
needle
â˘Mother to
infant
â˘Close contact
â˘Blood
transfusion
â˘Organ
transplantation
â˘Contaminated
needle
â˘Blood
transfusion
â˘Tattooing
â˘Sexual
contact
â˘Sharing
personal items
â˘Direct
contact
with body
fluids
â˘Contaminate
d drinking
water
COMPLIC
A- TION
Sudden loss
of liver
function
â˘Liver cirrhosis
â˘Liver cancer
â˘Liver failure
â˘Kidney failure
â˘Liver cirrhosis
â˘Liver cancer
â˘Liver failure
â˘Fulminant
hepatitis
â˘Chronic
hepatitis
â˘Cirrhosis
â˘Hepatocellula
r jaundice
5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS A
Virus enters body via
fecal-oral route
Virions are secreted
into bile and excreted
through faeces
Reaches the
hepatocytes and
multiplies
Gets absorbed to
blood through
oropharynx and
intestines
Continues for 11 days
till patient shows
symptoms
Patient became
infectious
6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B
Virus enters body
Immune system gets
activated
Produce antibodies
T cellsB cells
Act against virusâ envelope,
nucleocapsid and
polymerase region
Liver cell damage
7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS C
Virus enters body
Activates B cells
Helper T cells activated
Cytotoxic T cells
activated
Specific T-cell receptors
activated
Produce antibodies
Recognise HCV
infected cells
Lysis of infected cells
Liver cell damage
8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS D
Virus enters body
Activates B cells
Helper T cells activated
Cytotoxic T cells
activated
Specific T-cell receptors
activated
Produce antibodies
Recognise HCV
infected cells
Lysis of infected cells
Liver cell damage
9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS E
Multiplies for 35 days
(Incubation period)
Virus enters the body
Virions and antigen
can be detected in
faeces and liver
Shows symptoms of
cholestasis
Elevated bilirubin and alkaline
phosphatase