Liver Disease and treatment

1. An Assignment On
Liver Disease
Overview
Course Title: Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics – III
Course No: Pharm - 4125
Submitted To:
Dr. Md. Mustafizur
Rahman
Professor
Pharmacy Discipline
Khulna University.
Submitted By:
Sk. Tanvir Raihan Emon
Student ID 171111
4th Year, 1st Term
Pharmacy Discipline
Khulna University.

2. Overview of
the liver
Liver is located on the right side of our abdomen
behind one’s lower ribs, and ribs help to protect
liver
As blood passes through the liver, it breaks down
substances, such as prescription or over-the-
counter drugs, street drugs, alcohol, and caffeine
Human bodies naturally produce some harmful
chemicals or poisons, and those are also broken
down by the liver
The liver is also a "chemical factory" --
performing over 500 chemical functions in your
body!
The liver produces blood-clotting factors that are
needed to help you heal after an injury

3. Liver disease
is caused by
Viruses
Drinking alcohol heavily
Being very overweight
Certain medications--for example, acetaminophen ,
can cause severe liver damage in people who also
have heavy alcohol use
Exposure to industrial chemicals, including cleaning
solvents, aerosolized paints, and paint thinners

4. Liver diseases can be divided into two
groups
ACUTE LIVER
DISEASE
CHRONIC LIVER
DISEASE

5. Symptoms of acute liver disease
Tiredness or
weakness
Jaundice Fever
Nausea and
vomiting
Dark urine or
very pale
colored stools
Pain under
the ribs on
the right side

6. Chronic Liver
Disease
If something is continuing to affect
the liver over time, after 6 months it
is "chronic."
Many people with chronic liver
problems will have no symptoms at
all and may not even know they
have a liver problem
Sometimes they develop symptoms
only when the liver has been
damaged for many years

7. Other liver
diseases
Alcoholic
liver disease
Non-alcoholic
fatty liver
disease

8. Other less
common liver
diseases
Primary
biliary
cirrhosis
Autoimmune
hepatitis
Primary
sclerosing
cholangitis

9. Alcohol-
Associated
Liver Disease
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a common form
of liver disease
People get ALD by drinking moderate to large
amounts of alcohol for months to years
Any type of alcohol can cause liver damage, leading
to cirrhosis of the liver, and even liver cancer
For women: 2 or more units of alcohol on a regular
basis
For men: 3 or more units of alcohol on a regular
basis
One unit of an alcoholic beverage contains 10 grams
of alcohol

10. Cirrhosis
When something attacks and damages the liver,
liver cells are killed and scar tissue is formed.
Any illness that affects the liver over a long period
of time may lead to fibrosis and, eventually,
cirrhosis.
Heavy drinking and viruses are common causes
of cirrhosis.
A buildup of fat in the liver, called fatty liver
disease, may lead to cirrhosis.
Some people inherit genes for certain conditions
that In other diseases, bile collects in the liver and
causes damage that can lead to cirrhosis

11. Mechanism Of
Cirrhosis
Pressure builds up in the vein that
brings blood to the liver
This vein is called the portal vein and
portal hypertension is the name of the
condition when the pressure in the
portal vein is high
Some of these veins, called varices, can
be found in the tube that carries food
from your mouth to your stomach or in
your stomach itself

12. Causes
of Cirrhosis
Alcoholic liver disease
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency phenotype
Autoimmune hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis B virus
Chronic hepatitis C virus
Hemochromatosis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

13. Treatment Of
cirrhosis
Treatment for alcohol dependency
Weight loss
Medications to control hepatitis
Medications to control other
causes and symptoms of cirrhosis

14. Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a contagious liver
disease. It usually spreads
through food or water that is
contaminated with the hepatitis A
virus or through close personal
contact with an infected person.
In 2016-2019, multiple USA
states reported outbreaks,
primarily among people who use
injection and non-injection drugs,
homeless individuals, and their
close direct contacts

15. Symptoms of
Hepatitis A
Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Diarrhea
Clay-colored stool
Joint pain

16. Cause of
Hepatitis A
Eating food handled by
someone with the virus
who doesn't thoroughly
wash his or her hands
after using the toilet
Drinking contaminated
water
Eating raw shellfish
from water polluted
with sewage
Being in close contact
with a person who's
infected — even if that
person has no signs or
symptoms
Having sex with
someone who has the
virus

17. Treatment Of
Hepatitis A
Rest
Manage nausea
Avoid alcohol and use
medications with care

18. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a liver
infection caused by the
hepatitis B virus. Some
people with hepatitis B
are sick for only a few
weeks , but for others, the
disease progresses to a
serious, lifelong illness
known as chronic
hepatitis B

19. Symptom of
Hepatitis B
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Fever
Joint pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Weakness and fatigue
Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes

20. Hepatitis C
Bleeding easily
Bruising easily
Fatigue
Poor appetite
Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes
Dark-colored urine
Itchy skin
Fluid buildup in your abdomen
Swelling in your legs
Weight loss

21. Hepatitis C
Confusion,
drowsiness and
slurred speech
Spiderlike blood
vessels on your
skin

22. Risk factors
Were born to a
woman with a
hepatitis C infection
Have ever injected
or inhaled illicit drugs
Have HIV
Received a piercing
or tattoo in an
unclean environment
using unsterile
equipment
Received a blood
transfusion or organ
transplant before
1992
Received clotting
factor concentrates
before 1987
Received
hemodialysis
treatments for a long
period of time
Were ever in prison

23. Prevention
Stop using illicit
drugs, particularly
if you inject them
1
Be cautious about
body piercing and
tattooing
2
Practice safer sex
3

24. Treatment
Antiviral medications
Liver transplantation
Vaccinations

25. Liver cancer
Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the
cells of liver
Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits
in the upper right portion of abdomen,
beneath diaphragm and above stomach
Several types of cancer can form in the
liver. The most common type of liver
cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which
begins in the main type of liver cell
(hepatocyte).

26. Symptoms
Losing weight
without trying
Loss of appetite
Upper abdominal
pain
Nausea and
vomiting
General weakness
and fatigue
Abdominal swelling
Yellow discoloration
of your skin and the
whites of your eyes
White, chalky
stools

27. Causes
Liver cancer happens when liver cells
develop changes in their DNA
Sometimes the cause of liver cancer
is known, such as with chronic
hepatitis infections
But sometimes liver cancer happens
in people with no underlying diseases
and it's not clear what causes it

28. Risk factors
Chronic infection with HBV or HCV
Cirrhosis
Certain inherited liver diseases
Diabetes
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Exposure to aflatoxins
Excessive alcohol consumption