Heritage remains muted, diluted and marginalized, in the parlance of urban planning, development and management, which has led to loss of large volume of valuable built heritage in the country over the period of time. India with history spanning over 5000 years has created enormous wealth of heritage, which unfortunately, has not been identifies and quantified. Despite having distinct advantage of being the oldest civilization on this planet earth, India as a nation sufferers from the malady of the lack of capacity, resources and willingness to conserve, preserve, and manage heritage. Haphazard and unplanned development has led to large scale misuse and abuse of the heritage. Lack of adequate capacity and willingness at the local level has led to destruction of the heritage on large scale. In- adequate availability of the qualified manpower in the domain of the heritage management has done lot of damage to all kinds of heritage available in the country. Lack of resources and low priority accorded t heritage has led to marginalization of heritage. Existing Legal framework has done more damage than good to promote the heritage. Ignoring the cultural heritage at the altar of built heritage ,has led to losing the context of intangible cultural heritage. Divorcing heritage from communities and making it a state-led program has led to non-involvement of communities. Policy framework put in place has also led to heritage losing its importance in the parlance of heritage management. Limited use of technology has also contributed to marginalization of all efforts involved in identification, mapping, conservation and preservation of heritage. It is time when all parastatal agencies have to put in its best foot forward to help achieve the objective of identification and preservation of valuable heritage before it is lost to prosperity. Nation/states need to relook at the issue of heritage in a holistic manner and evolve rational policies and program which comprehensively looks at the issue of conservation and preservation of heritage. Leveraging heritage has enormous potential in leveraging economy, generating employment, removing poverty and making human settlements smart and sustainable. For promoting planned development in urban areas, master plans/development plans prepared for human settlements should include and involve the identification of heritage and suggest options for its management. Unless and until heritage is made integral part of the planning process, India will continue to lose valuable heritage. Role of urban planning assumes importance in the context of heritage management.

1. Role of Heritage
in Urban Planning
J.K.Gupta
EX- Director COA-IETBhaddal,
Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
M- 90410-26414

2. Cities and their Context
• Cities have been part of human history.
• - Cities-have existed in the past,
• continue to exist now and
• shall continue to dominate in future
• Cities- known to command power and authority
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/ ,
infrastructures,
• Cities-are physical manifestation of history and culture
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of art and
architecture
• Cities -- known to be repositories of Heritage
• Cities- known to be incubators of- innovations, industry,
technology, entrepreneurship and creativity.

3. Cities and their Context
• Cities - are materialization of humanity’s noblest ideas,
ambitions and aspirations,
• Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
• Cities- are known to be anti-thesis to bio-diversity
• Cities- when not planned or governed properly, can be
repository of society’s ills.
• Cities- known to destroy natural habitat
• Cities- known to destroy built heritage
• For remaining sustainable , safe, livable, inclusive and
culturally vibrant
• Cities – need to preserve Heritage- both natural and
manmade
• Cities – need to be planned , designed, constructed and
management- to preserve nature, bio-diversity, Heritage.

4. IntoductionI

5. INTRODUCTION
• Heritage –reflects the soul of a city
• - showcases past glory of the local community/area
• -gives distinct Identity, Character to settlement
-- Makes Value addition to the settlement
-- provides Sense of Pride to community city/ State
-- showcases culture ,way of life, art & architecture
- creates-- Vital link between past & present
- -demonstrates skill in town planning; construction,
--promotes development, employment ,economy,
-- removes poverty ; generates prosperity;
--promotes tourism, leisure, recreation, skill,
- Connects different societies and culture
• India- with 5000 years history, -- inherited enormous
wealth of natural &built environment.
• Heritage needs conservation & preservation - carefully
and thoughtfully.
 SDGs Target 11.4 -- “Strengthen efforts to protect/
safeguard world’s cultural and natural heritage”

6. INTRODUCTION
 Heritage – as a concept/approach- remains dynamic in
nature , ever evolving, ever devolving, never static, never
finite.
 Concept moved from–, monument-centric, Tangible
heritage; separating past from present. to
 -- vernacular structures/ historic urban areas/ cultural
landscapes - intangible heritage, linking past with
present.
 Protection not limited to-- preservation but continuing
past into future.
 -- pitting heritage conservation not against development,
but making integral part of sustainable development.
 Considering challenges posed by-- rapid urbanization,
disasters caused by natural/ manmade hazards / impacts
of climate change

7. Heritage- Role and Importance
• Heritage - invariably holds local/ global context.
• - remains essential part of present we live in and –of
future we propose to build.
 - loss, destruction/decay impoverishes communities,
societies, nations and humanity.
 valuation, preservation/protection / conservation remains
agenda for all human beings / nations.
 - holds intrinsic value for present / future generations.
 -- helps revitalizing local economies,
 - leads to well-being /security,- through broad community
participation and involvement.
-generates large job opportunities and poverty alleviation

8. Understanding Heritage
• Anything transmitted from past/handed down by tradition.
 more than preserving, excavating, displaying, restoring a
collection of old things
 more than just tangible assets - physical buildings.
 includes both tangible / intangible heritage resources
 Includes both historical, natural and cultural assets
 includes natural sites or precisely delineated natural
areas of outstanding universal value in science,
conservation or natural beauty
 Includes public/ private 'domestic' assets - dance, music,
art, festivals, dresses, food, expressed through festivals,
market fairs, exhibitions, competitions etc
 Includes full range- inherited traditions, monuments,

9. Typology of Heritage
 International treaty; ‘Protection of the World
Cultural and Natural Heritage’, adopted by
UNESCO in 1972; defines heritage in two
different /distinct categories;
 Natural Heritage -Culturally significant landscapes
and biodiversity.
 Cultural Heritage.– includes
 Tangible culture; buildings, monuments,
landscapes, books, works of art and artefacts,
 intangible culture includes; -folklore, traditions,
language, knowledge ,
 Mixed sites- where both Cultural and Natural

10. Legal context of Heritage
• Conservation / preservation of heritage -- governed by law of land.
• Constitution of India remains apex law of India.
• Looking at role/ importance of heritage; Constitution made several
provisions for preserving/ protecting country’s heritage.
• Article 29 of Indian Constitution -protects right to distinct language,
script or culture of any community.
• Article 51 casts duty-- on every citizen of India to value / preserve
• -- rich heritage of our composite culture;
• -- protect /improve natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers
wild life,
• -- have compassion for living creatures,
• Article 49 - provides for protecting country’s built heritage from
spoilation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export.
• States;
• -- also created a dedicated legal framework;
• -- for protecting / preserving the heritage.
• -- Heritage conservation Regulations - also evolved/made operational
• -- at city level, to identify / safeguard valuable heritage.

11. Legal context of Heritage
• 'THE PUNJAB ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SlTES AND REMAINS ACT, 1964.
• 'ancient and historical monument' means
• -any structure, erection or ,monument, or
• - any tumulus or place of internment, or
• any cave, rock- sculpture, inscription or monolith,
• which is of historical, ‘archaeological or artistic interest and
• which has been in existence for not less than one hundred years and
includes-
• (i) remains of an ancient and historical monument ;
• (ii) ‘ site of an ancient and historical monument ;
• (ii] such portion of land adjoining the site of an ancient and historical
monument as may be required for fencing or covering in
• or otherwise protecting such monument ; and
• ... (iu) the means of access to, and convenient inspection of, an ancient and
historical monument ; but does not include any ancient or historical
monument declared by or under law made by parliament to be of national
importance ;

12. Basic Concepts in Heritage
 Conservation;-- means all the processes of looking after a
place to retain its cultural significance
 Maintenance; means - continuous protective care of a
place, and its setting. -Maintenance different from repair
which involves restoration or reconstruction
 Preservation;- maintaining a place in its existing state and
retarding deterioration.
 Restoration; means returning a place to a known earlier
state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing
elements without the introduction of new material.
 Reconstruction; means returning a place to a known
earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by
introduction of new material.
• Adaptation; means changing a place to suit the existing
use or a proposed use

13. Issues

14. Issues Facing Heritatge
• UNESCO describes factors which pose major
problems to World Heritage .
• Armed conflict and wars
• earthquakes &other natural disasters,
• pollution,
• poaching,
• uncontrolled urbanization
• unchecked tourist development

15. Issues Facing Heritage
• Built heritage under enormous threat due to :
- lack of identification of heritage
- prevailing Legal Framework
- - Low priority to heritage
-Constant neglect & misuse of identified heritage
- Rapid urbanization
-- haphazard & uncontrolled urban development.
-Unregulated subdivision of land/ buildings
- - Change of land use
- - Heritage not made integral part of planning process
- -Absence of use of technology in mapping heritage
- Vulnerability to disasters manmade/natural-
fire/earthquake ( Sendai framework-Disaster Risk
Reduction)

16. Issues Facing Heritage
--Rapid commercialization.
- Large scale speculation in land
-rapidly rising real estate prices.
- low heritage related capacity at local level
- Limited availability of technical courses in Heritage
- Low availability of trained manpower
- Limited understanding of role/importance of heritage
- Lack of Understanding at ULB level
-Lack of resources- financial& Technical
• -- Inadequate innovative strategies/ policies.
• Non-involvement of communities-
• Making Heritage Government Led Program
• -- Multiplicity of agencies involved - lack of co-ordination
• -Inadequate manpower for construction/restoration

17. .
Strategies- Redefining

18. OPTIONS--REDEFINING /MAPPING HERITAGE
• --Majority of heritage lost due to lack of identification
• - Linking Heritage to time scale;100 years- reason for
excluding large Heritage created during last 100 years
• -Heritage needs re-definition with precise / detailed
guidelines
• -- well defined process and machinery for identification
• --involving trained manpower
• -- Need Capacity building at national/state /local levels
• ---Indian heritage largely building specific
• -- Scope needs to be widened to include; natural/Cultural
resources; urban spaces, bazaars, complexes etc
• --Concept enlarged to include heritage zones
• -Modern heritage needs Recognition- Capitol of
Chandigarh
• -- Walled cities pan India- to be declared as heritage zone

19. Strategies- making Heritage
part of urban planning

21. Making Heritage Part of Planning process

22. Making Heritage Part of Planning process
• Heritage suffered from haphazard/ unplanned
development
• Lack of focus on conservation - in urban planning
• Effective heritage management requires – making
Heritage integral part of settlement planning.
• Regional Plans Master plans/ Development Plans to;
• -- identify heritage areas/zones/buildings in planning area
• - Identify areas of natural bio-diversity, flora/fauna
• -- prepare inventory of manmade/natural heritage, tangible,
intangible
• -- Carry out detailed study and analysis
• -- define strategies - to preserve, conserve/ promote/
manage heritage
• --frame dedicated schemes for heritage areas
development
• -- Enlarge scope of Town Planning laws to provide for
Heritage conservation as priority area

23. Making Heritage Part of Planning process
• Regional /Master Plans- a dedicated a Chapter on Heritage
Enlarge scope of Town Planning laws to provide for
Heritage conservation as priority area
• Mandatory to Include- Heritage/conservation expert in MP
• Regional /Master Plans- a dedicated a Chapter on Heritage
• Define guidelines for - planning / development of area in
vicinity of heritage
• -Defining detailed guidelines for
• - maintaining character of buildings
• -making additions/alterations
• - use of building materials
• - use of Construction technologies
• -changing use of buildings
• - sub-division of properties
• - promoting accessibility
• - creating supportive activities

24. Making Heritage safe

25. Making Heritage Safe
• Disasters- both natural/ manmade
• -threaten integrity of Heritage
• -- compromise their value
• -- leads to loss or deterioration outstanding properties
• - negatively impacts -- local / national communities,
cultural importance, socio-economic value.
• For promoting Safety of Heritage —
• --promoting Understanding disaster risk
• -Strengthening disaster risk governance/build culture of
prevention
• --Investing in disaster risk preparedness/promoting
resilience
• Enhancing disaster preparedness for quick response
• -- “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction

26. Involving communities

27. Involving Communities
• Ignoring communities/ public participation-root-cause of
damage/ destruction of valuable heritage
• - Moving Heritage management from government led to
people centric-- key to success
• - People legitimate owners- communities see heritage as a
“good thing to have”- need active involvement
• Involving communities through -- Holding public meetings
• -- making people part of discussions
• ‘listening to’ and giving voice to people
• Holding workshops/ Heritage Exhibitions/using print media
• -Organizing Heritage Marches/ competition/ asset mapping
• - bringing leaflets, maps / brochures, highlighting heritage
• --Involving local educational institutions/students in
heritage management
• -- training local inhabitants as tourist guides

28. Involving Communities
•

29. Involving Communities
•

30. involving academic/
professional institutions

31. Involving academic/ professional institutions
• - Heritage suffered due to inadequate trained manpower
• --low priority to heritage-- in institutions imparting
education in Architecture/ Planning /engineering
• - Planners/ Architects /engineers role critical in heritage
• -- few institutions run specialised courses in heritage
• --Need to make heritage integral part of study in school/
colleges/technical institutions
• -Starting undergraduate/Master level courses on heritage
preservation/management in IIT’s/SPA’s/NIT’s
• Involving institutions– ITPI/ IIA/ Institute of Engineers/
INTACH/ Voluntary agencies/NGOs/ civil society/pressure
groups-- for safeguarding/promoting heritage.
• -Sensitizing in-service /professionals-architects/ planners
/engineers/students -- by making heritage part of study
curricula/holding seminars / workshops/awareness/onhand

32. INV0LVING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

33. Redefining Legal
Framework & Development

34. LEGAL FRAMEWORK & DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS :
• Existing legal framework related to planning, development
/ management of human settlements - done more harm
than good to heritage management.
• Town Planning laws -need review, redefinition on priority-
for making them heritage friendly
• Master Plans/Regional Plans to focus on heritage
conservation
• Development schemes -- define agenda for heritage
conservation
• Considering critical role of development control, zoning/
regulations/ bye-laws -- in heritage conservation
• .-- -- Define controls sensitive to heritage
• -- based on study/ analysis
• Concept of Listed buildings -- included in legal framework
to identify/ preserve heritage

35. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
GATEWAY OF INDIA
HOTEL TAJ MUMBAI
Constituting Heritage
commissions/committees

36. CONSTITUTING HERITAGE COMMISSIONS/BOARDS/ COMMITTEES
• States --to constitute heritage commission /Heritage
Boards at the state levels
• - Creating dedicated cell in ULBs - metro/heritage cities for
• - for Identification/Mapping of Heritage-
• - aiding, advising, assisting / guiding state government
/local governments
• - evolve policy framework for identification, notification,
preserving and managing heritage in state
• Heritage Identification- using concept of listed buildings.
• Having heritage experts -- posted in Planning
development authorities/agencies-- town planning
/architecture/PWD/Archeology departments
• -State archeology department to be headed by trained
professionals instead of bureaucrats
• - Implementing 74th Constitutional Amendment Act-

37. JAIN ARCHITECTURE
DILWARA TEMPLE
Creating a dedicated
Heritage Fund

38. Creating Heritage Fund
• Heritage management- a resource intensive activity.
• Heritage management Suffered- Non-availability of
dedicated resources Generating resources for heritage by
• -- Creating dedicated fund at National/State / Local level.
• involving Corporate Sector
• --Involving Artists / Professionals for raising funds for
promoting heritage. - - using Part of tourism earning
– Starting Heritage lottery - levying heritage Cess on
tourists
– earmarking fund in budgets of ULB,s/ Dev. Authority
– -- Promoting public –private partnership.
– involving industries -in maintenance / upkeep
– Making Heritage conservationpart of External
Development Charges--making heritage conservation
part of CSR activities

39. MADURAI TEMPLES
MEENAKSHI TEMPLE
16th Century
Dedicated to Parvati
Capacity Building

40. Capacity Building
• Absence of Nodal Agency on heritage in states/local level
• Poor capacity of stakeholders- financial/technical
• Effective heritage management– needs creating
appropriate capacity at local, state /national for ;
• - identification/conservation of heritage
• -- Promoting Research and Development
• -making available appropriate literature
• -- learning good practices,
• -- imparting hands on training,
• -- learning from case studies/ communication tools
• - engaging local stakeholders – owners of heritage
houses,
• --Involving experts, educational institutions, artists and
craftsmen

41. CAPACITY BUILDING

42. Role of Technology in Heritage

43. • Role of Technology in Heritage
• Technology transforming-
• -Identifying Heritage, Documentation, Conservation
• -Promoting Heritage
• Mapping Heritage-Managing the heritage
• -Planning and developing Heritage Area
• Understanding How people interact with history & heritage,
• providing insight into past.
• Unfolding Heritage
• Dissecting Heritage- Mapping inside of built environment/ natural
environment
• deciphering ancient manuscripts with image processing
• 3D modelling of priceless artefacts,
• bringing people closer to past
• -Connecting people with heritage
• - widening horizons of millions.
• Digitization of documents- for preservation; accessibility with
museums, libraries/ ensuring - accessibility for generations

44. • Technologies --Mobile Technology- Rapid Impact
Assessments of heritage sites in conflict zones –Iphone
• Space Archaeology --Using satellite-based topographic imagery
from NASA- mapping historical shifting of Nile River/ discovering
site once Ancient Egypt’s capital city, Tanis.
• Soil Resistivity-- Electric resistivity - best way to know
composition of what’s beneath the ground
• Remote sensing techniques / ground-penetrating radar - look for
cavities in buildings/ pyramids – mapping interior architecture of
pyramids/buildings -whether they housed tombs kings.
• Drones- Used extensively being less expensive,- discovering new
sites, monitoring looting /environmental threat/ combatting
mismanagement.
• Robots- understanding past– how Stone Age-era humans used the
made
• GIS- used for Heritage documentation, conservation,
communication, understanding spatial context of events,
buildings/cities , planning, mapping development, connecting

45. Heritage City Development and
Augmentation Yojna- HRIDAY

46. Heritage City Development and Augmentation
Yojna- HRIDAY
•
•
HRIDAY strategized efforts like;
-- planning, development, implementation ,management of heritage cities
-- in partnership with State Governments
-- to Preserve / revitalise-- soul of heritage city
-- to reflect city’s unique character-- by encouraging
-- aesthetic based, accessible, informative & secured environment.
-- undertaking strategic / planned development of heritage cities
--improving overall quality of life with specific focus
-- on sanitation, security, tourism, heritage revitalization / livelihood
-- retaining city’s cultural identity.
Duration of HRIDAY scheme --- 4 years starting January 21, 2015
Scheme focused on development of twelve heritage cities namely;
1. Ajmer 2. Amravati 3. Amritsar
4. Badami 5. Dwarka 6. Gaya
7. Kanchipuram 8. Mathura 9. Puri
10. Varanasi 11. Velankanni 12. Warangal
HRIDAY need to be continued-- extended to all cities
- making part of smart city /urban development /AMRUT

47. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
VICTORIA HALL KOLKATA
SECRETARIAT- MODERN HERITAGE
Evolving Comprehensive
Conservation Heritage Strategy

48. Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy

49. Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy
• Comprehensive Conservation Heritage Strategy should
stand on four distinct pillars of
• -- promoting Understanding -- Ensuring Positive Action,
• -- Developing Partnerships -- Promoting Best Practice.
Conservation / Heritage Strategy must revolve around;
• -- Creating Effective/efficient/ heritage friendly legal framework for
identification/conservation of heritage
• --Making heritage people centric - involving communities
• --Promoting partnerships between different stakeholders
• -- Creating awareness / appreciation of value of heritage assets
• -- Making heritage management part of planning /development process
• -- Incentivising conservation /promoting / monitoring/reviewing
heritage sites on regular basis..
• -- Organising exhibitions/conferences /workshops at Heritage sites
• -- Synthesising historic resources with economic development
strategies.
• - Avoiding commercialization of heritage over conservation values.

50. Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy
• Leveraging heritage for generating employment , reducing poverty.
• --Building institutional capacity -in heritage planning/ management
• -- Promoting active re-use of heritage buildings-Palaces/ hotels/
museums --for larger public use / making value addition to heritage
• -- generating resources for maintenance & upkeep.
• Promoting best practice for- preservation , conservation and
management of heritage sites
• -- Promoting partnership -- between public, private and voluntary
sectors
• - Promoting actions / initiatives -- to ensure preservation /
enhancement of heritage assets
• --Fostering continued use/ enjoyment /access to diverse historic
assets
• - ensuring contribution to quality of life present / future
generations.
• --Developing short, medium / long term targets-- within available
resources

51. Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy
• Creating a dedicated fund for heritage management at local/ state and
national level.
• Creating large reservoir/pool of trained manpower for heritage
conservation.
• Improving communication
• --Making heritage integral part of teaching- learning process
• -Making people believe that development and heritage are positively
co-related -- for promoting
• -- economy
• -- quality of life,
• -- removing poverty
• Promoting participative governance -- by empowered local
communities in the planning / implementation /promoting vigilance of
the heritage sites
• Creating local ownership among communities-- by holding festivals
etc
• Making rational choices of combining-- restoration, rehabilitation/
preservation for promoting valuable heritage.

52. Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy
– Making - heritage protection not an impediment –
– but a pre-condition for economic/sustainable development
• --Developing a culture of participative, Collaborative decision
making
• – moving towards good-governance
 - Adopting Globally good practices with appropriate modifications
 Help building urban identity / pride in residents.
 -Going beyond just resorting / preserving historical assets,
 --lead to well-being / security, through broad community
participation and involvement.
 -Using/leveraging Technologies in identification/mapping/
evaluating/ preserving/managing heritage
 - help achieving SDGs Target 11.4 –
 --“Strengthening efforts to protect / safeguard world’s cultural
and natural heritage”

53. Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy
• - creating dedicated cells/ framework in;
• -- all planning/development agencies
• -- for identification of heritage.—
• -- aiding, advising, assisting& guiding development
agencies on heritage /conservation.
• integrating efforts made by all stake-holders –and bringing
them on board all--- parastatal agencies, individuals,
institutions , NGOs/CBOs engaged in heritage
• -- for preparing comprehensive vocabulary of heritage
• Co-operating/collaborating with local/global agencies for
financing/ learning new typologies/innovations in
conservation
• --Making India -globally recognized resource/ repository of
Heritage Management and preferred tourist destination
with high degree of sensitivity / commitment to Indian