4. INTRODUCTION
IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY.UKRAINIAN CULTURE STARTED TO SHOW DECLINE.IT
AFFECTED THE HETMANNTE IN THE RIGHT BANK UKRAINE,PARTICULARLY IN THE WESTERN
LANDS.UNION FINALLY WON AND AS RESULT OF THE LOSS OF ORTHODOXY.,THE REGION BECOMES
DEVOID OF POLITICAL AND CULTURAL.UNIATE CELERGY OPPOSED THE POLISH CATHOLIC
EXPANSION,DEGRADED AND THE NEW ONE AT THAT TIME NOT YET HAPPENED.
GRADUALLY THE DOWNFALL OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE.THEN DURING MID 19TH CENTURY SOCIAL-
PILITICAL VIEWS CHANGE AND CLAIM THE IDEA OF SLAVIC FEDERATION.INTENSIFY THE SLAVE
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE.
M.KOSTAMAROV BELIEVES THAT THEIR LANGUAGE USED IN PUBLIC TEACHING.THEN WESTERN
INTELLECTS DEFEND THE RIGHT OF UKRAINIAN PEOPLE TO FREE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT,SOUGHT
TO INTRODUCE A SINGLE NATIONAL LANGUAGE.
5. BIOGRAPHY
IVAN PULUI BORN ON 2nd FEB 1845 WAS A UKRAINIAN PHYSICIST
AND INVENTOR, WHO HAS BEEN CHAMPIONED AS AN EARLY
DEVELOPER OF THE USE OF X-RAYS FOR MEDICAL
IMAGING.GRADUATED WITH HONORS FROM THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF
THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, LATER ALSO FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF
PHILOSOPHY.IN 1876 PULYUI FINISHED HIS DOCTORATE ON INTERNAL
FRICTION IN GASES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF STRASBOURG UNDER
SUPERVISION OF AUGUST KUNDT. AND THEN SERVED AS THE RECTOR
OF THE HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL IN PRAGUE (GERMAN PART) IN
1888–1889.
6. CONTRIBUTION IN UKRAINIAN CULTUR
• IVAN PULUJ ACTIVELY SUPPORTED OPENING OF A
UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY IN LVIV AND PUBLISHED
ARTICLES TO SUPPORT UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE.
• HE COMPLETED A TRANSLATION OF BIBLE IN THE
UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE.
• TOGETHER WITH P. KULISH AND I. NECHUY-
LEVYTSKY HE TRANSLATED GOSPELS AND PSALTE
R INTO UKRAINIAN.
• BEING A PROFESSOR PULUJ ORGANIZED
SCHOLARSHIPS FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS
IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
7. CONTRIBUTION
IN SCIENCE
• PULUJ DID HEAVY RESEARCH
INTO CATHODE RAYS, PUBLISHING
SEVERAL PAPERS ABOUT THOSE RAYS
BETWEEN 1880 AND 1882.
• PULUJ INVENTING A DEVICE FOR
DETERMINING THE MECHANICAL
EQUIVALENT OF HEAT
• PULUJ EXPERIMENTED WITH HIS NEW
DEVICE AND PUBLISHED HIS RESULTS IN
A SCIENTIFIC PAPER, LUMINOUS
ELECTRICAL MATTER AND THE FOURTH
STATE OF MATTER
8. HONOURS
• UKRAINE'S TERNOPIL IVAN PULUJ NATIONAL TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY IS NAMED AFTER HIM.
• A STAMP PUBLISHED ON THE OCCASION OF PULUJ'S 150TH BIRTH
ANNIVERSARY IN 1995.
• STREETS IN KYIV, LVIV AND OTHER UKRAINIAN CITIES HAVE THE
NAME OF IVAN PULUJ.
• ON 14 MAY 2021, ASTEROID 226858 IVANPULUJ, DISCOVERED BY
ASTRONOMERS AT THE ANDRUSHIVKA ASTRONOMICAL
OBSERVATORY IN 2004, WAS NAMED BY THE WORKING GROUP SMALL
BODY NOMENCLATURE IN HIS MEMORY.
9.
10. QUOTE FROM
IVAN PULUJ
World history has never been
just to certain individuals or
certain nations. Small nations
and their achievements are
often neglected while the
