Philippine art history

1. PHILIPPINE
Art History

2. PHI LI PPI NE ART
M USEUM

7. Pre- Colonial
Islamic
Colonial
Spanish Colonial
American Colonial
J apanese Colonial
Post Colonial
OBJECTIVES
Martial L aw
Contemporary
qRecognize, understand, and appreciate the development of
performing arts, specifically literature, music, dance, and motion
pictures in the Philippines.

8. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Hunter gatherers society
Arts for ritual purposes or for
everyday use. Started from mere
craft, but then developed to have
decorative, elements, meaning
and context.
Characteristic: Integral to life

9. ARTS INPRECOLONIAL PERIOD
Literature
Mainly oral story about hunting,
and nature. These are in the form
of the following:
• Epic poems
• Riddles
• Wise sayings
• Myths

10. ARTS INPRECOLONIAL PERIOD
Performing Arts
Expressed through Music, Songs, Dance,
Chants and many more.
§ Rituals – performed by sacrificing
animals to worship nature, celestial
bodies, animals, Anito, Diwata, Gods,
and Goddesses.
§ Ceremony – performed during events
such as wedding, healing, mourning,
and victory celebration.

11. ARTS INPRECOLONIAL
PERIOD
Architecture
Tent-like shelters
and tree houses
made from natural
resources.

12. Sculpture
Ancient Filipinos had
attained a high artistic
level through:
§ Pottery
§ Jewelry
§ Carving
ARTS INPRECOLONIAL
PERIOD

13. ARTS INPRECOLONIAL
PERIOD
Paintings
Symbolic expression
through tattoos and
cave carvings.

14. This was the time when Sayyid
Abbubakar of Arabia arrived.
In Islam, divine unity is expressed
through abstract forms and patterns
that compel the believer to engage
mental concentration.
ISLAMIC COLONIAL
Predominantly in Muslim ethnic group.

15. Characterized by
designs of flowers, plant
and geometric
It doesn’t
human forms,
forms
designs.
include
instead calligraphy is
used as the main form of
expression.
ISLAMIC COLONIAL

16. Literature – the
introduction of holy text
by the holy book of
Qur’an.
Architecture – building of
Mosque
Sculpture – carves
abstract patterns.
Sculpture is prohibited
(haram) in religion Islam.
ISLAMIC COLONIAL

17. ISLAMIC COLONIAL
Figural
representation in
Filipino Islamic art:
§ Buraq
§ Sari-Manok

18. Literature – the
introduction of holy text by
the holy book of Qur’an.
Architecture – building of
Mosque
Sculpture – carves abstract
patterns. Sculpture is
prohibited (haram) in
religion Islam.
ISLAMIC COLONIAL
13AD

19. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH INFLUENCE ON FULIPINO VISUAL ARTS:
§ Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521

20. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH INFLUENCE ON FULIPINO VISUAL ARTS:
§ Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521
§ Used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images.
§ Formal paintings, sculpture and architecture influenced with Byzantine, Gothic,
Baroque and Rococo Art Style was introduced.
§ Spanish Colonialism lived in the Filipinos’ antique furniture, carving designs, music
and literature, performance arts and painting.

21. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH ART AESTHETICS ADOPTED BY FILIPINO ARTISTS:
§ BAROQUE – A highly decorative and theatrical style which has dynamic
designs and complex architectural plan forms. This is characterized by
grandeur, drama and elaborated details with extensive use of decoration
and ornamentation.
Church of Santo Tomas de
Villanueva in Miag-ao Iloilo
Church of San Agustin in
Panay, Ilocos Norte
San Agustin Church in
Intramuros, Manila

22. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH ART AESTHETICS ADOPTED BY FILIPINO ARTISTS:
§ BYZANTINE – It comprises the body of Christian artistic products which entirely
concerned with religious expression and impersonal translation of church theology into
artistic terms. Architectural design is characterized with dominant character of having a
dome used to cover a square or a polygonal plan giving also a vertical composition of the
buildings erected during this period.
Langit, Lupa at Impierno by
Josef Luciano Dans CA. 1850
San Miguel Arcangel Church
in Cebu
The Adamson Church

23. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH ART AESTHETICS ADOPTED BY FILIPINO ARTISTS:
§ ROCOCO – It is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of
architecture, art and decoration which characterized by whimsical and
curvy lines. The name rococo is derived from the French word “rocaille”
meaning rock-work after the forms of sea shells.
Argao Church

24. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH ART AESTHETICS ADOPTED BY FILIPINO ARTISTS:
§ GOTHIC ART – It is typically rooted in religious devotion which is used
to decorate the exteriors of cathedrals and other religious buildings. This is
characterized by its distinctive arched designed, stained glass and its
illuminated manuscripts.
The San Beda church
The San Sebastian Church

25. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH ART AESTHETICS ADOPTED BY FILIPINO ARTISTS:
§ GOTHIC ART
• INSIDE CHURCHES
q Trompe I’ oeil, a French word means “Fooling the eye”
q Optical Ilussion
Taal Basilica of St. Martin De Tours

26. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SCULPTURE
§ Carving of anito was transformed into sculpture of saints including
altarpieces called retablos.
§ Relleves (carved images in relief) usually depict the Via Crucis
which may also show holy images in religious scenes.

27. SCULPTOR INTHE PHILIPPINES
Juan de los Santos
(ca. 1590 – ca. 1660) of San Pablo, Laguna.
Polychromed Wood, 17th Century

28. SCULPTOR INTHE PHILIPPINES
The high relief on Santo Domingo
Church's molave door
Isabelo Tampinco
(1850 – 1933)
The main altar
of the Laoag Cathedral

29. SCULPTOR INTHE PHILIPPINES
Leoncio Asuncion
La Tercera Caida

30. SCULPTOR INTHE PHILIPPINES
Romualdo de Jesus
Pilosopo Tasiong

31. SCULPTOR INTHE PHILIPPINES
La Purisima Concepcion
Bonifacio Arevalo
(1850 – 1920)
Ecce Homo
(Behold the Man)

32. SCULPTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
the figure of St. Francis in Quiapo Church
Graciano Nepomuceno
(1881 – 1974)
Holy Family (La Sagrada Familia)
Marcelo Nepomuceno
(1881 – 1974)

33. PAINTER IN THE PHILIPPINES
Damian Domingo
Tipos Del Pais

34. PAINTER IN THE PHILIPPINES
Damian Domingo
Tipos Del Pais

35. PAINTER IN THE PHILIPPINES
Juan Luna
Spoliarium

36. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Others:
§ Jose Loden, Tomas Nazario, Miguel De Los Reyes
Ø Work: Flora and Fauna
§ Antonio Malantic, Simon Flores, Justiniano Asuncion
Ø Miniaturismo
§ Carmen Zaragosa
Ø Dos Intelligencias

37. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
PERFOMANCES AND ART
§ Pasyon – Biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted in improvised melody
§ Sarswela – Operatta which features singing and dancing with a prose
dialogue
§ Senakulo – Dramatic presentation depicting the passion of Christ
§ Komedya – Colorful Theatrical tradition that describes the conflicts between
the Muslims and the Christians
Pasyon Komedya Senakulo Sarswela

38. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
MUSICAL AND LITERATURE
§ Doctrina Christiana: First printed book in the Philippines
compiling song lyrics, commandments, sacraments, and other
catechetical material
§ Kundiman: Traditional Filipino love song
Doctrina
Christiana
Kundiman

39. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
MUSICAL AND LITERATURE
§ Gaspar Aquino de Belen: Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo
§ Francisco Baltazar: Florante and Laura
Gaspar Aquino de Belen Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo Francisco Baltazar Florante and Laura

40. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
MUSICAL AND LITERATURE
§ Rizal’s two novels: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
§ Bonifacio’s poem: “Sa Tinubuang Lupa”
Jose Rizal
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Andres Bonifacio Sa Tinubuang Lupa

41. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
1898-1900
The new colonial government
took charge of initiating the natives
into the American way of life,
creating a lasting influence on
Filipino culture
Different kinds of modern art
appeared. Art Deco and Art
Nouveau designs became popular

42. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
1898-1900
Literature
The literature during the
American period was
considered as an
imitation of the American
model.

43. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
1898-1900
Painting
Landscapes, still life, and
genre were popular choice
while portraits are reserved
for high-ranking officials.

44. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
1898-1900
Architecture
styles in architecture
are mainly:
§ Italianate
§ Mission Revival
§ Neoclassical
§ Neogothic

45. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
1898-1900
Performing Arts
bodabil became popular.
Bodabil – is a motley
collection of slapstick,
songs, dances, acrobatics,
comedy skits, chorus, girls,
magic acts and stand-up
comic acts.

46. JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD
The Filipinos lost their
freedom of speech and
expression. The development
of art was also stopped.
Filipinos greatly feared the
"zoning".

47. JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD
Literature
§ Publications emerged: Shin-
seiki, Liwayway and Tribune.
§ Three types of poems
emerged: Haiku, Tanaga, and
Karaniwang Anyo.
§ The field of the short story
widened.

48. JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD
Performing Arts
§ movie and theater
houses produce
Tagalog or Japanese
plays.

49. JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD
Music
§ Japanese imposed their own
music on the country. Japanese
music was heard daily in radio
broadcasts. Their songs were
also taught in public schools.

50. JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD
Painting
§ Filipino painters
produced work with
genre scenes that
seem neutral. There
were also artists who
portrayed the
atrocities of war.

51. At the end of World War
II, modern art in the
Philippines began where
various artists used their
national identity as the
common theme of different
art forms in which every artist
manifests the story of the
country through art.
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
Art after the Art: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art

52. Painting – Influenced
by Fauvism, Cubism and
other western modern
movements they took the
theory and fused it with a
local sensibility, painting
market and street scenes,
and using local at materials.
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
Art after the Art: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art

53. Architecture –
Filipino architects
incorporated some
modernist formal
principles by employing
local materials and
referencing vernacular
traditions
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
Art after the Art: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art

54. Sculpture – abstract
and expressionism with
new material and
technique, and new
sculptural concepts that
aim to liberate sculpture
from the established
modes of modernism
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
Art after the Art: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art

55. Literature – Filipino writers in English and
Philippine languages, specifically, were to be split
into two camps:
§ The Modernist – the art for arts sake camp
led by Jose Garcia Villa
§ The Socially Oriented Writers – the
socially oriented camp led by Salvador P.
Lopez.
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
Art after the Art: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art

56. § artwork were forms of protest
against the government’s
suppression of freedom of speech
and expression.
§ works reflected issues like
economic problems, gender rights,
worker’s right, and cultural
minorities plaguing the Filipino
people brought about by the
Martial Law
MARCOS REGIME
SOCIAL REALISM ERA

57. MARCOS REGIME
a Filipina student activist
Literature
§ Government supervise the
publications of newspaper, book,
and other literature.
§ Types of Literary Work:
Ø Protest Literature
Ø Proletarian Literature
Ø Prison Literature
Ø Circumvention Literature
SOCIAL REALISM ERA

58. MARCOS REGIME
Sculpture
§ Classical style
and mainly
used metal and
plaster to
create
sculpture.
SOCIAL REALISM ERA

59. MARCOS REGIME
content
with to
medium and
Paintings
§ Strong
freedom
method.
§ Experimentation and vision.
§ Used to express their
aspiration of genuine
freedom, and to encourage
viewers to engage in society.
SOCIAL REALISM ERA

60. MARCOS REGIME
Architecture
§ movement for energy-
efficient designs called
Tropical Regionalism
§ re-emergence of
traditional motifs, the
bahay kubo and the bahat
na bato, and modernized
style.
SOCIAL REALISM ERA

61. CONTeMPORARy PeRIOD
It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal
computers and new technology created a new art medium for
the arts and human expression.
It involves different and new art styles such as pop art,
minimalism, conceptual art, and etc.

62. Arts in Contemporary Period
Ø Sculpture – Sculptural processes are done in ways
most suitable to the available material

63. Arts in Contemporary Period
Ø Literature – Filipino writers continue to write poetry,
short stories, novellas, novels and essays whether these
are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are
personal in intention or not.

64. F. Sionil Jose

65. Amado V. Hernandez

66. Arts in Contemporary Period
ØPainting – abstract
optical art, minimalism,
expressionism,
and pop art
became popular.

67. Dalagang Bukid
Fernando Amorsolo

68. tropical
Arts in Contemporary Period
ØArchitecture – modernized
Architecture and Design.

69. Paco Park Ildefonso P
. Santos Jr.
Ø Architecture
• Influence by different style
• Doesn’t have recognizable features

70. Cultural Center of the Philippines Leandro Locsin
Ø Architecture
• Influence by different style
• Doesn’t have recognizable features

71. Philippine history?

72. When we look
at the stars, we
are seeing their
position a
million years
ago.

73. Root of our cultural identity

74. Reminiscent of the past

75. Art gave us freedom

76. are doomed to repeat it.”