1. A torpedo is a self-propelled underwater weapon used to destroy ships. It consists of a propulsion system, guidance system, and explosive warhead. 2. Torpedoes can be guided by wires or wireless radio signals. The most common propulsion systems are electric motors or Otto fuel engines, since jets require oxygen. 3. India's newest torpedo is the Varunastra, which has a high explosive warhead, electric engine, and wire guidance system for attacking submarines up to 40 km away.

1. 1
TORPEDO= A tube or cigarette shaped self-propelled heavy
explosive carrier, under water flaying design to destroy
warrior ships in water.
It was invented by Robert Fulton around 1800 AC He design a heavy mass gun
powder (explosive) (20 pound) carrier self-propelled under water flowing boom to
destroy enemy ships the word may ne taken from the torpedo fish.
The stationary Torpedo in water called mines.
It have long tube type structure and there dimensions are_ of us navy on that days
(1869) with range 182 m
Length Diameter weight Explosive charge cost
353cm 35cm 157 kg 18.14kg 45.4k (rs)
426.7cm 40cm 295kg 27.2kg 75.7K (rs)
Torpedo – it is basically a destroying bomb which use in water or under water wars
it have three parts

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1. Propulsion system
2. Guidance system
3. Explosive
1. Propulsion system- The engine or motor arrangement which us
to move torpedo one place to other which help to reach torpedo
to target.
Because the device use in underwater so it have some limitations here,
we can not use jet or rocket jet engines because it need oxygen to burn
which is unavailable in underwater so on the place of this we use
OTTO engines (already oxygen compressed fuel) or electric motor. Its
run time is 10-20 min.
2. Guidance system- There are two types
1. wire guided
2. wire less guided system (radio) wire guided- torpedo is always
connected with the submarine
with umbilical optical fiber cable. Here the two way
communication healed
radio guided- this technique use radio waves to control torpedo.
It have effective range is 6 miles

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For detecting the target the transmitter and receiver us on the
front of torpedo. Sonar guidance system or CFN transducer is
use here .
3. Explosive- the explosive use in torpedo is torpex . Which is
50% more powerful then TNT
it is mixture of_ #developing process
42% RDX+40% TNT +18% POWDERED ALUMINIUM =
TORPEX
In torpex, powder Aluminium is added to enhance the effect of
explosion and beeswax is added as Phlegmatizing agents to
reduce sensitivity to shock and impact, #developing process
H6 is also use as explosive in torpedo mines
H6= 44% RDX 29.5% + TNT 21% + Aluminium powder + 5%
paraffin wax as phlegmatizing agent + 0.5% calcium chloride
History
Torpedo play the major roll in world wars I and world war II.
It was the most successful in world wars
It was in use by ships and aircrafts and easy to destroy the whole
ship by a single weapon

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HOW TORPEDO FIRE
These are some name of ships which use torpedo as a
weapon in India.
These weapon load in Torpedo tube for firing. It is whole tube
which design to fire torpedo by high pressure during the fire on
side of the tube were created very high pressure and open the
mouth of tube due to the pressure deference torpedo launch.
This pressure deference is created by different methods either
use of explosive or use water pressure for launching. After
going in the sea or water the engine of torpedo is start. #The
launching of torpedo from submarine is very important because
the launching failure causes a big accident.
Ships which use torpedo
• Ballistic missile submarine

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(INS Arihant) 6000 tones (nuclear powered)
• Attack submarine
INS Chakra (S 71) 12770 tones (nuclear powered)
INS Sindhughosh (S 55) 3076 tones
INS Kalvari (S 21) 1800 tones
INS Khanderi (22) 1800 tones, etc
• Destroyers
INS Kochi (D 63) 8100 Tones
INS Delhi (D 61) 6200 Tones,etc
Indian Torpedoes
1. A224-S Anti-submarine Torpedo
2. APR-31 S Torpedo
3. SET65E/53-65KE Torpedo
4. Type 53-63 Torpedo
5. Test 71/76 Anti-submarine Torpedo
6. AEG-SOT Modl
7. Advanced light Torpedo shyna
8. Takshak
9. Varunastra Torpedo

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• Transmitter receiver
• Warhead
• Control system (gyroscope)
• Power supply (fuel or battery)
• Propulsion system (Engine or motor)
• Control mechanisms
• Torpedo tube- It is a cylinder shaped device foe launching
torpedo with the help of Pressure
 There are two type of torpedo tube__
1. Submarine torpedo tubes

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2. Deck mounted torpedo tube
Submarine torpedo tube is little complicated compare to deck
mounted torpedo tube. Because it place under the sea. It have
different environment.
 How torpedo tube works
1. Load the torpedo into the tube from torpedo room.
2. Hook up the wire-guide connection and the torpedo power
cable. And close door.
3. Turn on and upload the fire control program.
4. After that open the equalizing valve to equalize pressure in
the tube with ambient sea pressure.
5. Fire torpedo by creating high pressure in tube. Some time
explosive is use to initial fire of torpedo but it is old.
6. After that drain the tube for net torpedo.

8. 8
• Transmitter and receiver- The device mounted on the head of
torpedo for navigating or tracing the target. Deferent technique
use in deferent torpedoes.
 Sonar guidance & control
 CFN transducer
 Developing (you may discover)
• Warhead- It is high explosive placed just after the tracing device.
Currently torpedx is very popular explosive for torpedoes. There
are deferent explosives in deferent torpedoes. Nuclear warhead
(nuclear torpedo) has been also discovered (Mark 45 torpedo) by
U.S. Navy.
 Gunpowder
 Torpedx
 H6
 Nuclear Bomb
 Developing (you may discover)

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• Control system- A device use for measuring and maintaining
orientation and angular velocity and position, posture, direction,
rotation of torpedo. It basically help to measure and maintain the
motion of torpedo.
 Gyroscope
 Developing (you may discover)
• Power supply- energy source of the torpedo. It stored the energy
or fuel which use to propelled the propulsion system of the
torpedo.
 OTTO fuel
 Battery
 Developing (you may discover)
• Propulsion system- The device which convert the one form of
energy into mechanical. Commonly in torpedo motor is use for
propulsion.
• Control mechanism- rod and blade which connected with motor
to provide force to move the torpedo.

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**Varunastra Torpedo is majorly use in Indian navy. Varunastra
is the latest Torpedo use by Indian navy.
It is the advanced heavy weight anti-submarine Torpedo whish is
developed by (NSTL) of DRDO**
Type- Heavy torpedo
Manufactured by – India (BDL)NST,(DRDO) in 29-June201
Unit cost- 10 crore
12 crore
Weight- 1500 kg
Length- 7to 8 m
Diameter- 53.3 cm
Warhead- high explosive (250kg)

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Engine- Electric silver oxide zinc batteries
Range- 40 km
Max- depth 400 m
Max-speed- 40 knots 74 km/h
Guidance system- wire guided
Launch from- ship & submarine both