PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
UPDATED VERS. MARINE TERMINOLOGIES.pptx
1. FUNDAMENTAL OF
MARITIME OPERATION
(HONS)
Dr. Gobikrishnan Veluplay
Maritime Safety, PhD, University of Southampton,
UK (2020)
Maritime Safety Management, MSc, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, (2014)
Nautical Science and Maritime Transportation,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, (2012)
2. CONTENT
1. MARINE TERMINOLOGIES
2. MORDERN SHIPPING
3. MARITIME INDUSTRY
4. SHIP CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE
5. FORCES ON A SHIP
6. THE OFFSHORE
7. SEAPORT
8. SAFETY AND EMERGENCY
9. LOADING GEAR
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3. 1. MARINE
TERMINOLOGIES
1.1 Terms relating to a ship
1.2 Parts of a ship
1.3 Position and direction
1.4 Terms relating to shipping and sea maneuvers
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4. 20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 4
Introduction
• A ship is a large seafaring vessel used for
transportation of cargo, people or both.
• Equipped with various systems, equipment, and
machinery for safe and efficient navigation.
5. 1.1 TERMS RELATING TO A
SHIP
A ship is a large seafaring vessel that is used for transportation of cargo, people or both. Ships are
typically equipped with various systems, equipment, and machinery that enable them to navigate the
open sea safely and efficiently. There are many different terms relating to ships, which can be
categorized as follows:
1. Hull: The hull is the main body of the ship that provides buoyancy and
supports all other components. The following terms are related to the hull:
• Bow: The front part of the ship
• Stern: The back part of the ship
• Port: The left side of the ship when facing forward
• Starboard: The right side of the ship when facing forward
• Keel: The backbone of the ship that runs along the bottom of the hull
• Hull plating: The metal plates that make up the hull
• Draft: The depth of the ship below the waterline
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXqSOexFGvE
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6. 2. Navigation and Control Systems: These are the systems that allow the ship to be
navigated and controlled effectively. The following terms are related to navigation and control
systems:
• Bridge: The control center of the ship, where the captain and crew can control
the ship’s course and speed
• Compass: An instrument used for navigation that indicates direction
• GPS: Global Positioning System, a satellite-based navigation system that
provides precise location information
• Radar: A system that uses radio waves to detect the location and distance of
objects
• Autopilot: A device that automatically steers the ship along a predetermined
course
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7. 3. Machinery and Equipment: These are the systems and equipment that power and
operate the ship. The following terms are related to machinery and equipment:
• Engine room: The area of the ship where the main engines and other machinery
are located
• Propeller: A rotating device that propels the ship forward or back
• Rudder: A flat piece of metal or wood that controls the ship's direction
• Anchor: A heavy weight that is dropped from the ship to hold it in place
• Lifeboat: A small boat that is used in case of an emergency
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8. 4. Safety Equipment: These are the devices and equipment that ensure the safety of the
crew and passengers. The following terms are related to safety equipment:
• Life jacket: A buoyant vest that is worn to keep a person afloat in the water
• Life raft: An inflatable raft that can be used as a lifeboat
• Fire extinguisher: A device used to put out fire
• Emergency beacon: A device that emits a distress signal to alert rescue teams
#These are just a few of the many terms related to ships. Understanding these terms is essential for
anyone involved in the maritime industry, including sailors, engineers, and shipping agents.
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9. 20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 9
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3983661/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXnpSzL7mOo
https://www.slideshare.net/BernardTapia/parts-of-a-ship
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Introduction
•A ship is like a floating city with several parts, but the
three main ones are the hull, engine room, and navigation
bridge.
•Ships have visible and invisible parts, with common
visible parts being the rudder, anchor, bow, keel, and
more, while invisible parts include bulkheads and girders.
•Understanding common terms is essential to
understanding the different parts of a ship.
12. 1.2 PARTS OF A SHIP
Monkey Island
•Monkey Island is a deck located at the top of the ship above the bridge.
•Sailors used it in the past for solar and stellar observations and it houses a
magnetic compass.
•It contains important driving units like the VDR capsule, AIS Tx/Rx antennae, radar
scanner(s), Sat C/F77 Tx/Rx antennae, communication equipment gear, and more.
Bridge
•The ship's bridge is the commanding station that controls the ship's movement
through navigational equipment and important machinery.
•It performs functions such as controlling the ship's speed and direction, monitoring
weather and sea conditions, fixing the position of the ship, and facilitating
communication.
Funnel
•A funnel or stack is a chimney on a ship used to discharge engine and boiler
smoke.
•Its purpose is to lift the exhaust gases and keep the deck clear.
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13. ACCOMMODATION:
THE ACCOMMODATION AREA IS THE HOUSE FOR CREWS AND
LIVES. IT HAS ALL THE AMENITIES, INCLUDING OFFICES, GYM,
CREW CABINS, HOSPITAL, SALON, RECREATION ROOM, COMMON
ROOMS, LAUNDRY, AND GALLEY.
IT IS A KEY PART OF THE SHIP AND CONSISTS OF THE GARBAGE
DISPOSAL SYSTEM, FRESHWATER SYSTEM, SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM (DOMESTIC) AND AIR
CONDITIONING FOR THE ACCOMMODATION BLOCK.
IT IS A NECESSARY PART OF A SHIP AND FACILITATES SPACE
FOR RELAXING, MEDICAL FACILITY AND FOOD COURTS.
FUNNEL DECK:
THE FUNNEL RELEASES EXHAUST GASES INTO THE
ATMOSPHERE FROM THE ENGINE EXHAUST ROOM OF THE SHIP.
IT HAS A SIMILAR FUNCTION TO CHIMNEYS IN FACTORIES.
NOWADAYS, EXTRA CARE HAS BEEN TAKEN IN DISCHARGING
SHOOT FROM THE FUNNEL TO PRESERVE THE ATMOSPHERE
FROM POLLUTION.
THESE FUNNELS ARE NEVER INSTALLED STRAIGHT BUT
INCLINED AT A CERTAIN ANGLE TOWARD THE AFT SO THAT THE
FLUE GASES WILL NOT CAUSE HINDRANCE TO THE DECK AND
NAVIGATION BRIDGE.
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14. • B OAT D E C K:
T H E D E C K F LOOR C OV ERS T H E S H IP H U LL S T R UCTURE. T H ERE C A N B E
MU LT IPLE D E CKS OR D EC K SECTIONS ON A SH IP. TH E D EC K AT TH E TOP,
W HICH B E ARS MA XIMUM E XP OSURE TO W EATHER, IS TH E MA IN D E CK OR
W EATHER D E C K.
B A SED ON T H E P OS ITION OF A S H IP’ S D E C K, D E CKS A R E OF S IX MA IN T YPES;
MA IN D E C K, P OOP D E C K, U P P ER D E C K, LOW ERS D E C K, W EATHER D E CK A N D
F OR EDECK.
T H E B OAT D E C K’S MA IN F U N CTION IS H OLD ING T H E H U LL S T R UCTURE A N D
P R OVIDING T H E F LOOR T O W ORK A N D S T ANDING A N D GU A R D T H E M A GA INST
OU T SIDE W EATHER .
M AS T :
T H IS IS A T A LL P OLE ON A S H IP T H AT H OLD S V A R IOUS IMP ORTANT T H INGS
LIK E LIGH TS, C OMMUNICATION E QU IPMENT, A N D C R A NES F OR LIF TING H E AVY
T H INGS.
F L YING B R ID GE:
T H IS IS A N OP E N A R EA ON T OP OF A S H IP W HERE T H E C A PTAIN A N D C R EW
C A N S E E A LL A R OUND T H E S H IP. IT A LS O H A S E XT RA C ON TROLS F OR D OC KING
A N D U N D OCKING.
S T EM:
T H IS IS T H E F R ONT P A RT OF A S H IP'S B OW , W HICH IS T H E P OIN TY E N D . IT C AN
B E E IT HER S T R AIGHT U P A N D D OW N OR S LA NTED.
F OR ECAS TLE:
T H IS IS A P A R T OF T H E S H IP A T T H E F R ONT, W HERE S A ILORS U S ED T O STAY
D U R ING B A TTLES. N OW ADAYS, IT 'S U S E D F OR S T ORING E QU IPMENT A N D
A N C HORING.
F OR EDECK:
T H IS IS T H E F R ONT P A RT OF T H E S H IP'S U P PER D E C K, B E TW EEN T H E
F OR ECASTLE A N D T H E S U P ERSTRUCTURE. IT 'S B A S ICALLY T H E P A R T OF T HE
S H IP IN F R ONT OF T H E MA S T.
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16. Poop Deck:
The poop deck is a roof built at the back of the ship that allows the captain and helmsman to oversee the crew.
In modern ships, it can be found in the center or starboard of the ship.
Side Thrusters:
Side thrusters are like propellers attached to the sides of the ship's bow. They help the ship move slowly and
safely in tight waters near ports or canals. Side thrusters can be powered by electricity or hydraulics and can
impact the total cost of running a ship.
Rudder:
The rudder is an essential part of the ship that steers it in the right direction. It is located at the back of the
propeller and has different parts that allow it to move. There are three types of rudders: balanced, semi-
balanced, and unbalanced.
Propeller:
The propeller is a mechanical device with blades attached to a central shaft. It creates thrust by converting
rotational energy into pressure energy, which helps the ship move forward. The engine, shaft, and propeller
make up the propulsion unit, and it's important to use corrosion-resistant alloys to make them.
Paint Room:
The paint room is a small area in a ship where paint is stored. It needs special provisions to prevent explosions
or release of chemical gases and vapors from the paint. Explosion-proof lighting and brackets for paint storage
should be provided.
Emergency Generator Room:
The emergency generator is a backup power source that supplies electricity to emergency loads when the main
supply fails. It is located away from other machinery and has its own switchboard for easy operation. It should
be able to start even in freezing temperatures.
Ballast Tanks:
Ballast tanks are compartments in the ship that carry water to balance and stabilize the vessel. They need to be
maintained to prevent corrosion, as seawater is highly corrosive. They are an improvement from solid ballast,
which was difficult to discharge compared to liquid ballast.
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17. TO BE CONTINUED…
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https://maritimesa.org/grade-10/terminology-parts-of-
ships-and-equipment-aboard-ships/
19. • In maritime operations, the concepts of position and direction
are essential for navigating and operating a vessel safely and
effectively.
• Position refers to the location of a vessel in relation to other
objects or landmarks, while direction refers to the course or
heading the vessel is taking.
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Example: A cargo ship navigating through a
narrow channel to reach its destination port
needs to maintain an accurate position and
heading to avoid running aground or colliding
with other vessels.
20. Position
Definition:
• Position refers to the location of a vessel at a given point in time.
• It is usually measured in latitude and longitude coordinates or as a
distance from a fixed point.
Importance:
• Accurate and up-to-date position is essential for safe navigation.
• Example: A sailor navigating through the open sea uses GPS and radar to
determine the ship's position, helping to avoid drifting into restricted areas
or hazardous waters.
Tools:
• Navigators use tools such as GPS, radar, and visual references to
determine a vessel's position.
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21. • A compass, provides information about the vessel's heading relative to magnetic north.
• However, it is important to note that magnetic north is not the same as true north, which is the
direction towards the geographic North Pole.
• To account for this difference, mariners must use a chart or other navigational tool to adjust their
compass readings.
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"Magnetic north is not
the same as true north"
means that the direction
of the North Pole, as
determined by a
compass, does not
necessarily align with
the geographic North
Pole. Magnetic north is
the direction indicated
by a compass needle,
which is influenced by
the Earth's magnetic
field, while true north
refers to the geographic
North Pole, which is the
northernmost point on
the Earth's axis of
rotation. The difference
between magnetic north
and true north is known
as magnetic
declination, and it
varies depending on the
location and the time. It
is important for
navigation to take into
account the magnetic
declination to determine
the correct direction to
travel.
Direction
Definition:
Direction refers to the course or heading that a vessel is traveling in.
It is measured in degrees, with north being 0 degrees, east being 90 degrees, south
being 180 degrees, and west being 270 degrees.
Importance:
Maintaining a constant heading is important for efficient fuel consumption and
avoiding unnecessary detours.
Example: A fishing boat using the current to its advantage by adjusting its direction
slightly to reach the fishing spot more quickly and efficiently.
Tools:
Navigators use instruments such as compasses or gyrocompasses to determine the
vessel's heading.
22. • Another important aspect of direction in maritime operations is
understanding the concept of relative motion.
• This refers to the movement of objects in relation to each other, which
can be affected by factors such as wind, currents, and the movement
of other vessels.
• For example, a vessel traveling at a constant speed and direction may
appear to be moving relative to a stationary object, even though it is
maintaining a consistent course and speed.
• To navigate safely and effectively, mariners must also be aware of their
vessel's draft, or the depth of water required for safe navigation.
• This can be determined through the use of depth soundings, which
provide information about the depth of the water below the vessel's
keel.
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Interrelation between Position and Direction
Importance:
Position and direction are interrelated and essential for effective navigation.
Maintaining a constant heading and position is important for efficient navigation and avoiding hazards.
Example: A naval vessel adjusting its heading to reach a specific position while maintaining a safe distance from other vessels to avoid collision.
Navigation:
A navigator may need to adjust the vessel's heading to reach a specific position, or may need to determine the vessel's position to make a course correction.
23. Conclusion
• Position and direction are essential concepts in maritime operations for safe and effective navigation.
• Maintaining an accurate position and heading is crucial for safe navigation and avoiding hazards.
• Example: A cruise ship navigating through the open sea to reach its destination port with thousands of passengers
on board.
Tools:
• Navigators use tools such as GPS, radar, and compasses to determine position and direction.
Interrelation:
• Understanding the interrelation between position and direction is essential for safe and efficient navigation.
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25. 1.4 TERMS RELATING TO SHIPPING AND
SEA MANEUVERS
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1.Port: The left side of the ship when facing forward.
2.Starboard: The right side of the ship when facing forward.
3.Bow: The front of the ship.
4.Stern: The back of the ship.
5.Anchor: A heavy weight dropped from the ship to keep it stationary.
6.Berth: A place in a port where a ship can be moored.
7.Cargo: The goods being transported by the ship.
8.Channel: A navigable route through a body of water.
9.Draft: The depth of water required to float a ship.
10.Navigation: The process of planning and following a course to reach a
destination.
27. Pilot: A skilled navigator who assists in guiding a ship through a difficult or unfamiliar
route.
Port of call: A designated stop on a ship's route where it loads and unloads cargo and
passengers.
Towing: The act of pulling or being pulled by another vessel.
Berthing: The process of mooring a ship at a dock or berth.
Ballast: Heavy material placed in the hold of a ship to improve its stability and balance.
Moor: To secure a ship to a dock or other fixed object.
Sternway: The backward motion of a ship.
Swell: A long, rolling wave on the ocean.
Tiller: A lever used to steer a boat or ship.
Wake: The disturbance in the water behind a moving ship.
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When on board a ship, you may need to describe the position of an object from the
ship (e.g. a lighthouse, or another ship). The following are the terms used :
A Off the Port Quarter
B Off the Port Beam or Abeam
C Off the Port Bow
D Astern
E Ahead
F Off the Starboard Quarter
G Off the Starboard Beam or Abeam
H Off the Starboard Bow
I Stern
J Bow
40. • Overall, understanding the concepts of position and direction is
essential for safe and effective navigation in maritime operations.
• By using a combination of navigational tools and techniques,
mariners can ensure that their vessel is always in the right place at
the right time, and that they are taking the most efficient and
effective route to their destination.
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Conclusion
