Bergey’s manual of bacteriology is the standard reference book which deals with the classification and identification of bacteria.
The classification of bacteria given in the first edition of the manual published in 1923 and was mainly based on phenotypic characterization.
But as now important information board added as the result of researchers at biochemical and Molecular level the composition and arrangement of higher taxonomic group that is order families, have changed substntially successive edition
2. BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION
• Bergey’s manual of bacteriology is the standard reference book which
deals with the classification and identification of bacteria.
• The classification of bacteria given in the first edition of the manual
published in 1923 and was mainly based on phenotypic
characterization.
• But as now important information board added as the result of
researchers at biochemical and Molecular level the composition and
arrangement of higher taxonomic group that is order families, have
changed substntially successive edition
3. • First published in 1923 by David Hendricks Bergey, it is used to classify
bacteria based on their structural and functional attributes by arranging
them into specific familial orders. However, this process has become
more empirical in recent years.[
• Bacteria have been distinguished from other microorganism on the
basis of their typical prokaryotic structure and they have being placed in
a separate Kingdom prokaryote.
• Further treatment of this Kingdom was based on cellular characteristics
rather than organism properties.
• Prokaryotic Kingdom was divided into two division bacteria and
cyanobacteria
4. BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION
• And outline of bacteria classification as adopted in the latest
edition of Bergey’s manual in 1974 is as follows :.
• it is divided into 2 Division
1. cyanobacteria and
2. Bacteria
5. DIVISION 1 CYANOBACTERIA
• They are photosynthetic prokaryotes and their
photosynthetic process is similar to the that of higher
plant.
• The photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll and
phycobilin protein.
• The bacteria usually occur as simple or branched chain
of cells.
• They reproduced by binary fission or fragmentation
6. DIVISION 2 BACTERIA
• They are unicellular or occasionally so simple
arrangement.
• They are characterized by the presence of a
rigid cell wall of peptidoglycan.
• Their photosynthetic process is anaerobic,
the electron donor is a substance other than
the water.
• Their photosynthetic pigment are
bacteriochlorophyll.
7. BASIS OF BACTERIA CLASSIFICATION
• The division bacteria has been for the divided into 19
group on the basis of their photosynthetic ability , types of
movement , response to gram stain and etc.
8. Group1 Phototrophic
bacteria
Photosynthetic bacteria has
bacteriochlorophyll
Aquatic environments Mobile and non motile
Group 2 Gliding bacteria Produce slime for gliding
movement and are brightly
colored
Soil decomposing plant and
aquatic environment
Motile
Group3 Sheathed Bacteria Rod shaped and has sheath
made up of insoluble iron
and magnese
Aquatic Environments and
sludge
Motile and non motile
Group 4 Budding
/Appendage Bacteria
Filamentous outgrowth
called prostecha and hold
fast for attachment
Soil and Aquatic
Environments
Multiply by budding and
fission
Non motile
9. Group5 Spirochaetes Slender and helically coiled
about 3 -500 ųm
Saprophyte and parasite Motile and multiply by
transverse fission
Group 6 Spiral and Curved
Bacteria
Helically coiled as
Spirochates and has rigid
cell wall
Free living ,Saprophyte and
parasitic also
Motile and Gram negative
Group 7 Gram Negative
Aerobic Rod & Coci
Gram negative bacteria like
but differ in metabolism of
Nitrogen and Carbon
Compounds
Aquatic Environments and
terrestrial and are
pathogenic
Group8 Gram Negative
facultative Aerobic Rod
They are similar in
morphology but differ in in
biochemical and
physiological and serology.
Occur in all type of
environments and are
pathogenic to human
Motile and non motile
10. Group 9 Gram Negative
Anaerobic Bacteria
Obligatory anaerobe and
are pleiomorphic
It occur in oral cavity
,intestines and faeces and
are pathogenic to humans
Motile
Group 10 Gram negative
cocci and coccobacilli
They have limited ability to
breakdown carbohydrates
and protein
Occur in mucus membranes
of human
Non motile
Group 11 Gram negative
Anaerobic Cocci
They are spherical in shape
and occur in pair masses or
in chain
They occur in respiratory
and intestinal tract of
human and animal but are
not pathogenic
Non motile
Group 12 Gram Negative
chemolithotrophic bacteria
Autotrophic bacteria and
rod like ,spherical or spiral
Aquatic environment and
soil and a non pathogenic
Motile
11. Group 13 Methanogen They produce Methane
under anaerobic condition
Aquatic as well as terrestrial Some are gram positive and
some are Gram Negative
Group 14 Gram positive
Cocci
The occur singly ,in pair, in
cluster & in chain
Soil, freshwater and mucus
membrane of warm
blooded animal pathogenic
or saprophytic
Non-motile
Group 15 Endospore rods
and Cocci
They produce endospore in
unfavourable condition
Pathogenic and causes
infection to human and
animal
Non-motile in endospermic
form
Group 16 gram positive They are sporogeneous
Road shape bacteria and are
Inorbit
They occur in milk and Milk
products and are known
pathogenic and occur in oral
cavity, intestine and vagina
of human and animal
Non motile
12. Group 17 Actinomycetes They are pleomorphic gram
positive and aerobic and
anaerobic
They are pathogenic to
human and animal
Non-motile
Group 18 ricketsia They are very smaller
bacteria and a Gram
Negative
They are obligate parasite
and causes several disease
in human andAnimal
Non motile
Group 19 Mycoplasm They like a true cell wall
and are enclosed by a rigid
cell wall and are Gram
Negative
They occur in respiratory
tract and lower genetilia of
mammals and birds
Non motile
