1. 1 Prepared by; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
Unit -01 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
Q 1: Write note branches of biology?
Ans: Biology: The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e. “bios” meaning
“life” and “logos” meaning “thought & reasoning”. So biology is the study of different
aspects of living organisms.
Branches of biology;
Biology is divided in number of branches. In this it is convenient to study all life
processes. These branches are:
Morphology, Anatomy, Histology, cell biology, physiology, Genetics, Embryology,
Taxonomy, Paleontology, Parasitology, Socio-biology, biotechnology, Entomology and
Pharmacology.
Q 2: Write some important careers of biology?
Ans: Careers in biology:
The following are the careers that a student of biology can plan to adopt.
1. Medicine/ Surgery:
The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in
human. In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired, replaced or removed, for
example the removal of stones through renal surgery, transplantation of kidney, liver etc.
2. Fisheries:
Fisheries are the professional study of fish production. There are departments in
Pakistan where professionals of fisheries are employed. They serve for enhancing the
quality and quantity of fish production. In Pakistan this profession is adopted after
bachelor or masters level study of zoology and fisheries.
3. Agriculture:
This profession deals with the food crops and animals which are the source of food. An
agriculturist works for the betterment of corps like wheat, rice, corn etc. and animals from
which we get food. In Pakistan there are many universities which offer professional
courses on agriculture after the higher secondary education in biology.
4. Animal Husbandry: It is the profession in which study concerned with the care
and breeding of domestic animals (livestock) e.g. cattle, sheep etc. Professional
courses in animal husbandry can be adopted after higher education in biology.
CH-(01) Long QUESTIONS
2. 2 Prepared by; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
Q 3: Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Ans: Prokaryotic Cell. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or
other internal membrane-bound structures. Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but,
instead, generally have a single chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA.
Eukaryotic cell: Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity
surrounded by membrane that houses the cell's genetic material. A number of
membrane-bound organelles, compartments with specialized functions that float in the
cytosol.
Q 4: Describe cellular organization in detail?
Ans: Cellular organization:
All the organisms have been divided into five major groups
1 Prokaryotes 2 Protist 3 Fungi 4 Plants 5 Animals
Types of cells;
1 Prokaryotic 2 Eukaryotic
3. 3 Prepared by; Miss Anzal Faiqa Yousuf (M.Sc. Botany I.U. B)
House #10/C officers Colony Bahawalnagar (Contact # 03338810387) BIOLOGY 9Th
Prokaryotic Cell. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other
internal membrane-bound structures. Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but,
instead, generally have a single chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA.
Eukaryotic cell: Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity
surrounded by membrane that houses the cell's genetic material. A number of
membrane-bound organelles, compartments with specialized functions that float in the
cytosol.
Ways of organization of cell:
In living organisms the cell organize in three ways to make the bodies of organisms.
Unicellular organization: In unicellular organization only one cell makes the life of an
organism. All the life activities are carried by the only cell. e.g. amoeba, Paramecium and
Euglena etc.
Colonial organization: In colonial type of cellular organization many unicellular
organisms live together but do not any division of labour among them. Each unicellular
organism in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on the other cells for its vital
requirements.
Multicellular organization: In multicellular organization cells are organized in the form of
tissues organs and organ systems. Example Frog Rana tigrina and Mustard plant
Brassica campestris.
