Currently, roadside parking charging is mainly operated manually. However, this makes it difficult to achieve effective management. Aimed at removing many inconveniences brought by this current approach, this study discusses how to apply Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in this issue. The RFID reader can be installed on a track. Through the track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of parking spaces along the sides of the road and therefore, can replace the current approach with which people hold machines to scan cars one by one. Both parkers and managers of the parking system can use an online platform which offers an open individual inquiry system and impartial and accurate reflection of the real-time status and ensures a fair process of issuing parking tickets.

1. International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering & Management (IJMREM)
||Volume|| 1||Issue|| 4 ||Pages|| 41-46 ||April 2018|| ISSN: 2581-4540
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 41
Smart Mobile Roadside Park Charging Systems
1,
Huey-Der Chu, 2,
Yong-Quan Yeh, 3,
Yi-Cheng Lin, 4,
Meng-hung Lai, 5,
Yi-Jie
Lin, Ming-Sun Wu
1,2,3,4,5,
Department of Information Technology, Takming University of Science and Technology
No. 56, Sec. 1, Hanahan Rd., Neihu Taipei 11451, Taiwan
-------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------
Currently, roadside parking charging is mainly operated manually. However, this makes it difficult to achieve
effective management. Aimed at removing many inconveniences brought by this current approach, this study
discusses how to apply Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in this issue. The RFID reader can be installed
on a track. Through the track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of parking spaces along the sides of the
road and therefore, can replace the current approach with which people hold machines to scan cars one by one.
Both parkers and managers of the parking system can use an online platform which offers an open individual
inquiry system and impartial and accurate reflection of the real-time status and ensures a fair process of issuing
parking tickets.
KEYWORDS: Roadside parking charging; track; RFID reader; online platform
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Date of Submission: Date, 24 April 2017 Date of Accepted: 29 April 2018
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I. INTRODUCTION
Research Motives and Purposes : It is observed that manual roadside parking charging causes many
inconveniences and conflicts, and needs large quantities of labor resources and materials. Considering the
progressive process in which manual collection was replaced by ETC on the national road, this study discusses
whether this transfer can be replicated in roadside parking charging by inventing a suitable intelligent system
which applies modern technology. In this way, the parking time of car owners can be measured fairly and they
can also have an open platform. Owners of parking spaces can be offered a technical system which uses RFID to
record the entry and exit status of cars and their length of stay, and can finish collecting the parking fee without
any staff on site. The system can help reduce cost on labor resources and makes management easier. The
interests of both the parties can be protected. Setting up a thorough parking charging system can promote
income, assist payment and avoid controversies. Conflicts between drivers and owners of parking spaces can be
reduced and both of them can enjoy a more convenient parking process.
Research Content and Process; The researcher consulted related management literature about roadside parking
charging, learnt the current roadside parking charging system in Taiwan and conducted research on whether
RFID is suitable to be used in the roadside parking charging system. The research procedure is shown in Fig. 1:
Fig. 1 The Research Procedure Diagram
II. RESEARCH ON RELEVANT BACKGROUNDS
Parking Types in Taiwan: In Taiwan, there are indoor parking and outdoor parking, which can be classified
into parking in parking lots outside the road and parking spaces along the road. As for single-exit closed parking
lots, there is already much research and technological appliances available in the market. However, open
parking spaces along the road has not had a systematic and efficient management mode. Parking types in Taipei

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are
shown in Fig. 2:
Fig. 2 Parking Types in Taipei
The Current Roadside Parking Charging Method in Taiwan: A car owner parks his/her car in a roadside
parking space. Charging staff passes the car every half an hour and issue a parking ticket each time. Before the
staff issue parking tickets on a patrol, they will enter some information including charging roads, license plate
numbers and time to a handy machine. A parking ticket will be printed out from a small printer stalled in the
machine and be put under a wiper blade. Then, they will take a photo for record. The manual parking ticket
issuing procedure is shown in Fig. 3:
Fig. 3 The Manual Parking Ticket Issuing Procedure
Discussions on the Problems of Roadside Parking: Analysis on the current roadside parking billing method:
(1) When billing staff are on patrol and need to issue a parking ticket, they have to stop temporarily by the
road. This poses threats to motor vehicles driving on the road and billing staff also are exposed to a highly
dangerous working environment. It is particularly dangerous for them to work in a bad weather condition
such as raining and typhoon.
(2) For the parking ticket put under a wider blade, it not only occupies space, but also can be easily blown
away. Also, a rain-soaked ticket is difficult to be taken out.
(3) It is hard to determine the real beginning and ending of parking, since a parking ticket is only issued by
billing staff who pass the car. This practice brings about many conflicts concerning roadside parking.
(4) Great quantities of labor resources which are needed to issue parking tickets manually lead to high cost
and low efficiency.

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RFID
(1) The Origin and Development
The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system was first developed in 1948 (Harry Stockman). It
used radio to transfer identification materials to achieve ID identification. The popularity of RFID was
initially led by America’s largest retailer Wal-Mart, which has required its top 100 providers to install
the RFID system since 2005 in order to more conveniently manage the input and output of goods.
(2) The Principles
The system is based on radio communication technology. Through radio signals, it can identify specific
objects, read and record data without developing any mechanic or optical contact between the
identification system and specific objects.
(3) Types
According to the existence of electricity inside the tag, the tags of RFID can be classified into the
passive type, the semi-passive type (semi-active type) and the active type.
(4) Frequency
There are four common frequencies among tags. Classified by radio frequencies, they are the low
frequency tag (125 or 134.2 kHz), the high frequency tag (13.56 MHz), the super high frequency tag
(868 to 956 MHz), the microwave tag (2.45 GHz).
(5) The Basic Structure
The electronic tag, the reader, and the application system constitute the basic structure.
(6) Features
Data reading and writing function, easy miniaturization, diversified shapes, high environmental
resistance, repetability, penetrativeness (except iron), and enormous data memory
(7) Application
RFID is widely used in fields such as access control, goods management, medical applications,
transportation, animal supervision and joint ticket verification.
The Electronic Toll Collection System of the Expressway (Taiwan): The Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
system of Taiwan’s national roads has been authorized to the Far Eastern Electronic Toll Collection Co., Ltd. to
develop and maintain by the Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau based on the model of private development,
operation and transfer to the government (BOT model). The electronic toll collection based on times set up in
2005 and came into effect on the 10th of February 2006. The electronic toll collection based on distance set up
in 2013 and the operation of it was transferred to the government on the 30th of December 2013. It began to be
used on the 2nd of January 2014 and has become the only road charging system of Taiwan’s national road.
III. THE SYSTEMATIC STRUCTURE
Based on the observations that manual billing of roadside parking causes many inconveniences and conflicts,
and the toll collection of the national progressed from manual charging to the ETC system, and the fact that
nearly 90% of cars have already been installed electronic tags because of the use of ETC system on the national
road, the researcher considers whether it is possible to make a combination by replicating the collection mode of
the national road in the billing of roadside parking A comprehensive structure of the system is shown as Fig. 4:
Fig. 4 The Diagram of the Comprehensive Structure of the System

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The Detector
The RFID reader can be installed on a track. Through the track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of
parking spaces along the sides of the road and therefore, can replace the current approach with which people
hold machines to scan cars one by one.
The RFID reader can be installed on a track. Through the track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of
parking spaces along the sides of the road and therefore, can replace the current approach with which people
hold machines to scan cars one by one. Fig. 5 further illustrates this facility:
Fig. 5 The Hardware Design
The Detection System: In terms of the detection system, when the infrared ray senses that a car is driving in a
parking space on the side of the road, it will show the RFID reader which space to record. Currently, our model
adopts a self-propelled vehicle to enable the free mobility of the RFID reader. Then, the reader will detect the
electronic tag of the car and different information will be sent to the database based on the existence of an
electronic tag. The process is shown in Fig. 6:
Fig. 6 The Procedure Diagram of the Detection System
The Inquiry System : As for the online inquiry system, the general public and managers of the roadside
parking can use services through a mobile APP or website. For example, they can check their parking records
including topping up and payment records on the website, and look for a parking space through the mobile APP.
The use of the online services is shown in Fig. 7:

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Fig. 7 The Procedure Diagram of the Inquiry System
Differences: Compared to the manual billing of roadside parking, the differences of the system’s structure will
be analyzed from the perspectives of the manager and the user.
For the manager:
(1) Able to calculate the exact parking time and increase accuracy.
(2) Reduce the risk posed to labor resources and cost and raise work efficiency.
(3) Replace manual labor with scientific technology and apply more technology in management.
For the user:
(1) Able to check their parking records including topping up and payment records on the website.
(2) Able to check which parking lot they have used and conduct monitoring online.
(3) Able to check the display of the parking status early when driving.
IV. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF THE SYSTEM
The model uses the self-propelled vehicle Arduino as its main facility to imitate a RFID reader which can freely
move on the track.
A. Hardware:
(1) The Self-propelled Vehicle
(2) Arduino UNO
(3) The Infrared Ray
(4) The RFID reader and the electronic tag

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(5) LED lights
B. Software
(1) Arduino
(2) SQL Server
(3) Android
(4) Visual Studio
V. CONCLUSION
The age in the future will be a time of machines replacing manual labor. For the highly repeated work which can
be managed and monitored by resources other than human labor, it can be seen that the automation technology
is gradually changing today’s manual working mode. Technology can efficiently save human labor and time,
decrease the mistake making rate, reduce the number of people exposed to a dangerous working environment
and enhance product quality.
A complete and thorough system for roadside parking fee collection is still not available in the market. How to
use technology to reform the current system has become an important trend in the transportation agenda. To
enable the roadside parking system to become intelligent, first of all, we need to explore how to detect cars and
record parking information automatically. The study has discussed how to create an intelligent and efficient
systematic mode based on the electronic tags attached to nearly 90% of cars and the one-to-many mode of the
reader.
REFERENCES
[1] Huang, Y.R. ((January 2009), “A study on the application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in the
curb parking”, master’s thesis Graduate Institute of Transportation and Communication Management
Science, National Cheng Kung University.
[2] Taipei City Parking Management and Development Office (note date), retrieved from:
http://www.pma.gov.taipei/mp.asp?mp=117021
[3] Wuhan Dongzhilin Technology Co., Ltd. (April 2013), “Urban Roadside Parking Management System”,
Technological Solution.