The document discusses different types of deixis, or expressions that depend on the context of the communication for their meaning. It describes person deixis, which indicates the speaker, addressee, or others. Spatial deixis refers to location, including proximal, distal, and deictic center. Temporal deixis indicates time in relation to the present moment, such as now, then, and temporal shifts in indirect speech. Social deixis conveys social relationships and status. Deixis allows language to effectively communicate by pointing to people, places, times, and social contexts involved in a discussion.

1. Meeting #5
TBI A and B
UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

2. • DEIXIS: Pointing via
language
To accomplish this we use
deictic expressions or
indexical.
EXAMPLE:
What’s that?
(that is used to indicate
something in the immediate
context)
Deictic expressions depend on the
speaker and hearer (sender –
receiver) sharing the same spatial
context.

3. DEICTIC
EXPRESSIONS
PERSON
DEIXIS
SPATIAL
DEIXIS
TEMPORAL
DEIXIS
SOCIA
L
DEIXIS

4. PROXIMAL
(near speaker -
THIS)
DEICTIC
CENTER
(speaker’s
location- NOW)
DISTAL (away
from speaker)
THAT

5. • There are three categories:
SPEAKER (I)
ADDRESSEE
(YOU)
OTHERS
(HE-SHE-IT-
THEY)

6. • SOCIAL DEIXIS
Forms used to indicate relative
social status. (markers of relative
status)
The age distinction
The economic distinction
In Spanish the distinction “tu –
usted”
In French the distinction “tu –
vous”
• HONORIFICS
Expressions that mark that the
ADDRESSEE is of higher status

7. • USING THE THIRD PERSON
Communicates distance and non-
familiarity. Also, it has an ironic or
humorous purpose.
- Would his highness like some
coffee?
Also it is used to make
accusations:
- “Somebody didn’t clean up after
himself” Less direct than:
- “You didn’t clean”
- We clean up afters ourselves
around here. (inclusive –

8. • Forms used to point to LOCATION
- Here – There –
- Come – Go (to bed)
• PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE
When speakers mark how CLOSE OR
DISTANT something is perceived to be.
- “That man over there” (this implies
psychological distance)
• DEICTIC PROJECTION
When speakers act as if they are
somewhere else (mental and physical
distant)
- “I’m not here now” (telephone
answering machine)

9. • Forms used to point to location
IN TIME
- Now – Then
In contrast now, the distal
expression then applies to both
past and future time relative to
the speaker’s present time
- November 1963: I was in
Scotland then
- Dinner at 8:30 on Saturday?
okay, I will see you then.

10. • The temporal deixis depends
on the event moving towards
or away from us.
• Example
- The coming week
- - Back in an hour
- Free beer tomorrow
Now imagine the time has gone,
is the temporal deixis the same?

11. • The distinctions for person, spatial and temporal deixis
can be seen at work in English grammar structures such
as DIRECT and INDIRECT (reported) SPEECH.
• - Are you planning to be here this evening? ( I asked her)
• I asked her if she was planning to be there that evening
There is a shift from the PROXIMAL “near speaker”
meaning of direct speech to the “away from speaker”
meaning of reported speech, with the use of DISTAL
DEICTIC form

12. • http://es.slideshare.net/anthonysalinas98/pragmatics-
george-yule
• Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University
Press.

13. • Personal pronoun: a short word we use as a simple
substitute for the proper name of a person
• Each of the English personal pronouns shows us the
grammatical person, gender, number, and case of the
noun it replaces; I, you, they, we, she, he, it, him, her, etc.