Light weight concrete, contains normal Light weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sand, light weight aggregate, sand, Light weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sandLight weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sandLight weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sand

1. Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya (Engineering College)
(An Autonomous Institution)
Affiliated with Gujarat Technological University
1
“comparing properties of hardened concrete containing
cinder and ECA”
Project-2
Group ID: 28
Presented by:
17CE312 : Jagani Bhavesh
17CE320 : Kachiya Akhil
17CE334: Parmar Hitesh
17CE335 : Shah Sagar
17CE336 : Dafada Ravi
16CE089 : Zapada Bhala
Guided by:
Dr. Deepa A.Sinha
UDP Presentation
on

2.  Introduction
 Scope
 Objectives
 Literature review
 Work done
 Results and discussion
 References
2
ITEMS TO BE COVERED :

3.  Lightweight concrete mixture is made with a lightweight coarse aggregate and
sometimes a portion or entire fine aggregates may be lightweight instead of
normal aggregates. Normal weight concrete a density in the range of (2240 to
2400 kg/m³).
 density - 300 kg/m3 and1850 kg/m3.
 Structural lightweight concrete density - 1440 to 1840 kg/m³.
 strength of the light-weight concrete - 0.3 N/mm2 to 40 N/mm2.
 Strength of light-weight concrete depends on the density of concrete. Less porous
aggregate which is heavier in weight produces stronger concrete particularly with
higher cement content. The grading of aggregate, the water/cement ratio, the
degree of compaction also effect the strength of concrete.
3
Introduction:

4. scope :
 It gives us economy in concrete construction and to utilize E.C.A and cinder in an
effective environment friendly manner.
 To meet the scarcity of cement and coarse aggregates in future.
 To reduced the weight of the structure as compared with structure which made from
normal concrete.
 This concrete also used as a concrete blocks, panel walls.
4

5.  Designing M20 grade L.W.C using cinder and E.C.A for non structural member.
 Optimizing the different proportions of cinder and E.C.A to get the maximum
strength.
 To compare the strength and density of L.W.C. with conventional concrete.
 to compare the cost of L.W.C with conventional concrete.
 To know the application of L.W.C in construction industries.
5
Objectives of the study:

6. RESEARCH PAPER 1
MATERIALS TESTS CARRIED OUT OUTCOMES PAPER
Expanded
Clay Aggregate
+ silica fumes
+ PVA
Compressive Strength
Flexural strength
The compressive strength of light weight concrete is
lower than the ordinary conventional concrete
The workability of light weight concrete is not good
when it is compared to the ordinary conventional
concrete
percentage of ECA is increasing the compressive
and flexure strength is decreasing since, the density of
concrete is reduced by addition of ECA
This light weight concrete has low thermal
conductivity and has an ability to absorb sound. So, it
can be used for acoustic structures.
Rapolu Kishore
Kumar, S. Nikhil
and P.
Sairamchander,
(April 2017), ‘’
STUDY OF
LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE’’,
International
Journal of Civil
Engineering and
Technology
(IJCIET), Volume
8, Issue 4,
PP.1223–1230.
STUDY OF LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
6

7. RESEARCH PAPER 2
MATERIAS TESTS CARRIEDOUT OUTCOMES PAPER
• Leca  Compressive strength
test
 Split tensile strength
 Flexural strength test
• The main aim of the project is to reduce the
density of concrete without affecting the
strength
• Cube compressive strengths achieved for M20
grade of LWAC are 20.19N/mm2 for 28 days
• The percentage reduction in density of cubes as
compared to conventional concrete for M 20
grade of LWAC is 34.22% for 28 days
• The Workability of LWAC gets considerably
increased when LECA is used as coarse
aggregate
• The cube Compressive strength, Split tensile
strength of cylinder and beam Flexural strength
of light weight aggregate concrete is reduced as
compared to conventional concrete .
Hanamanth
shebannavar1,
maneeth p. d2
,brijbhushan s3.
“comparative
study of leca as a
complete
replacement of
coarse aggregate
by aci
method with
equivalent
likeness of
strength of is
method”
(irjet), volume:
02 issue: 08 |
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LECA AS A COMPLETE REPLACEMENT OF COARSE
AGGREGATE
7

8. RESEARCH PAPER 3
MATERIALS TESTS CARRIED
OUT
OUTCOMES PAPER
• leca and
cinder as
coarse
aggregates
 slump test
 Compression
strength test.
 Split tensile test
• The slump value is found to increase gradually
until the (40%,60%) leca and cinder proportions,
and thereafter the slump goes on decreasing
gradually .Therefore with 40% replacement of leca
and 60% replacement of cinder the better
workability are obtained for the both concrete
mixes.
• The compression test results are found to be
decrease gradually until the (40%, 60%) leca and
cinder proportion, but after this proportion there is
a sudden decrease in strength to a larger extent
• The split tensile strength is decreasing from first
proportion till that last proportion in a gradual way
in a same way as that of the compression test
results
Dr. S. Vijaya
and Nagashree
B , ’’
Experimental
Study on Light
Weight
Concrete
using Leca and
Cinder as
Coarse
Aggregates’’,
July-2015,
(IJERT), Vol. 4
Issue 07,
Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete using Leca and Cinder as Coarse Aggregates
8

9. RESEARCH PAPER 4
MATERIALS TESTS CARRIED
OUT
OUTCOMES PAPER
Cinder
aggregate
Slump test
Compaction factor
test
Compressive strength
test
Split tensile strength
 The cube compressive strength is decreased
continuously with the increase in percentage of
cinder.
 The split tensile strength is decreased
continuously with increase in percentage of
cinder and also the percentage of decrease in
split tensile strength is increased continuously
with increasing cinder.
 The densities have decreased continuously with
the increase in percentage of cinder
Dasthagir and
Dadapeer A.B.S,
Strengths
Analysis of
Concrete by using
Cinder
Aggregate,
December 2016,
Vol. 5, Issue 12
Strengths Analysis of Concrete by using Cinder Aggregate
9

10. RESEARCH PAPER 5
MATERIALS TESTS CARRIED
OUT
OUTCOMES PAPER
Cinder
aggregate+
cinder
powder+norma
l aggregate
Flexural Tensile
strength
Compressive strength
test
Split tensile strength
 Densities of concrete mixes with
increase in cinder percentages are
observed as smaller than conventional
normal aggregate concrete. Use of
cinder aggregate reduces the dead
weight of structure.
Cinder aggregate concrete has good
workability properties compared to
conventional concret
Cinder aggregate concrete with
replacement level of 40% of cinder
achieved the equal target mean strength
as conventional concrete(32 Mpa)
E.Hanuman Sai Gupta
and V.Giridhar Kumar,
(july 2015),
‘’Investigations on
Properties of Light
Weight Cinder
Aggregate Concrete’’,
International Journal
of Engineering
Research and
Development, Volume
11, Issue 07, PP.50-59.
Investigations on Properties of Light Weight Cinder Aggregate Concrete
10

11. Problem statement
Objectives
Scope of Study
Literature Study
Laboratory
Investigation
Conventional
concrete
Light weight
concrete
Experiment
Outcome
 Compressive
strength test
 Split-tensile strength
test
 Permeability test
Comparison
Conclusion
Work flowchart :
 Compressive
strength test
 Split-tensile strength
test
 Permeability test
11

12.  Cement  Requirement
of IS 12269: 2013
 Test result
 Specific
gravity
3.15 3.15
 Standard Consistency 25-35% 32%
 Initial setting time 30 min 50 min
 Final setting time 600 min 320 min
12
Properties of cement

13. Test results on aggregate Size
 Coarse aggregate  20 mm  Requirement
Of IS :383 (2016)
 Test result
 Specific gravity 20 mm 2.6-2.8 2.67
 Elongation &
Flakiness
20 mm 40-45% 9.6%
33.3%
 Water absorption 20 mm Not more then 3% 1.30%
 Crushing strength 20 mm Less then 30% 22.29%
 Impact strength 20 mm Not more then 45% 22.6%
13
Properties of coarse aggregate

14. Properties of fine aggregate
 Fine aggregate  Requirement
of IS: 383
 Test result
 Specific
gravity
2.66 2.57
 Water
absorption
1% 0.60%
 Bulking 4% 3.33%
14

15. Properties of expanded clay aggregate
15
E CA Test result
Specific gravity 0.97
Water absorption 14.78%
Density(kg/m3) 400

16. Properties of cinder aggregate
16
E CA Test result
Specific gravity 1.77
Water absorption 1.30%
Density(kg/m3) 1050

17. Mix design calculations:100% cinder aggregate replace
a) Grade designation : M20
b) Type of cement : OPC conforming to IS 12269-2013
c) Maximum nominal size of aggregate : 20 mm
d) Minimum cement content and
e) maximum water-cement ratio to be adopted and/or : Severe(for reinforced concrete)
Exposure conditions as per Table 3 and Table 5 of IS 456. = 0.50
f) Workability : 75 mm (slump)
g) Method of concrete placing : Chute (Non pumpable)
h) Degree of site control : Good
i) Type of aggregate : Crushed angular aggregate
j) Maximum cement content not including fly ash : 450kg/m3
k) Chemical admixture type : not used
17

18. TEST DATA FOR MATERIALS
a) Cement used : 0PC conforming to IS 12269-2013
b) Specific gravity of cement : 3.15
c) Specific gravity of
1) Coarse aggregate [at saturated surface dry : 2.67]
2) Fine aggregate [at saturated surface dry : 2.57]
3) cinder :1.77
4) E.C.A. :0.97
d) Water absorption of
1) Coarse aggregate: 1.3 percent
2) Fine aggregate : 0.6 percent0
3) cinder : 1.3 percent
4)E.C.A. : 14.78 percent
e) Moisture content of aggregate [As per IS 2386 (Part 3)]
1) Coarse aggregate: Nil
2) Fine aggregate: Nil
18

19. TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING
f ’ck = fck+1.65 S or f ’ck = fck + X
whichever is higher.
where
f ’ck = target average compressive strength at 28 days,
fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days,
S = standard deviation, and
X = factor based on grade of concrete.
From Table 2, standard deviation, S = 4 N/mm2.
From Table 1, X = 5.5.
Therefore, target strength using both equations, that is,
a) f ’ck = fck+1.65 S
= 20+1.65 × 4 = 26.6 N/mm2
b) f ’ck = fck + 5.5
= 20 + 5.5 = 25.5 N/mm2
The higher value is to be adopted. Therefore, target strength will be 26.6 N/mm2 as 26.6N/mm2 > 25.5
N/mm2.
19

20. APPROXIMATE AIR CONTENT
• From Table 3, the approximate amount of entrapped air to be expected in
normal (non-air-entrained) concrete is 1.0 percent for 20 mm nominal
maximum size of aggregate. For 16 mm – 0.66
20
SELECTION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO
From Fig. 1, the free water-cement ratio required for the target strength of
26.6 N/mm2 is 0.62 for OPC 53 grade curve. This is lower than the
maximum value of 0.45 prescribed for ‘severe’ exposure for reinforced
concrete as per Table 5 of IS 456.
0.62 < 0.6, hence O.K.

21. SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT
From Table 4, water content = 190.8 kg (for 50 mm slump) for 16 mm
aggregate. Estimated water content for 75 mm slump,
= 190.8 +3( 190.8)/100
= 197 kg
21
CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT
Water-cement ratio = 0.47
Cement content =197/0.47
= 419 kg/m3
From Table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for
‘severe’ exposure condition = 240 kg/m3
419 kg/m3> 250kg/m3, hence, O.K.

22. PROPORTION OF VOLUME OF COARSE AGGREGATE AND
FINE AGGREGETE CONTENT
• From Table 5, the proportionate volume of coarse aggregate
corresponding to 16 mm size aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone II) for
water-cement ratio of 0.50 = 0.572
• In the present case water-cement ratio is 0.47.Therefore, corrected
proportion of volume of coarse aggregate for the water-cement ratio of
0.47 = 0.572 + 6×10^-3 = 0.578
• Volume of fine aggregate content = 1 – 0.578 =0.422
22

23. MIX CALCULATIONS
• The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows:
a) Total volume = 1 m3
b) Volume of entrapped air in wet concrete = 6.6×10^-3 m3
c) Volume of cement= Mass of cement × 1/Specific gravity of cement × 1 000
=419× 1/3.15 × 1 000
= 0.1330 m3
d) Volume of water = mass of water × 1/Specific gravity of water × 1 000
=197 × 1/1 × 1 000
=0.197 m3
d) Volume of all in aggregate = (a-b)-(c+d) = 0.6634 m3
e) Mass of C.A. = 0.6634 × 0.578 × 1.7682 × 1000 = 678 kg/m3
f) Mass of F.A. = 0.6634 × 0.442 × 2.57× 1000 = 720 kg/m3
23

24. Mix proportions
 Cement =412 kg/m3
 Water =197 kg/m3
 Fine aggregate =720 kg/m3
 Cinder =678 kg/m3
24

25. Sr No. Cement FA(Sand) CA
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.578
Quantity (kg) 419 720 1024
25
Sr No. Cement FA(Sand) ECA
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.578
Quantity (kg) 419 720 372
(1) The mix design for normal concrete ( M20 )
(2) The mix design for LWC concrete using 100% E.C.A ( M20 )

26. Sr No. Cement F.A.(Sand) Cinder
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.578
Quantity (kg) 419 720 678
26
Sr No. Cement F.A. C.A. ECA
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.1445 0.4335
Quantity (kg) 419 720 256 279
(4) The mix design for LWC concrete using 25% normal C.A and 75% E.C.A ( M20)
(3) The mix design for LWC concrete using 100% cinder ( M20 )

27. Sr No. Cement F.A. C.A E.C.A
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.289 0.289
Quantity (kg) 419 720 512 186
27
(5) The mix design for LWC concrete using 50% normal C.A and 50% E.C.A ( M20)
Sr No. Cement F.A. C.A ECA
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.289 0.289
Quantity (kg) 419 720 170 269
(6) The mix design for LWC concrete using 50% normal C.A and 50% Cinder ( M20)

28. Sr No. Cement F.A. E.C.A. cinder
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.289 0.289
Quantity (kg) 419 720 512 339
28
Sr No. Cement F.A. C.A cinder
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.1445 0.4335
Quantity (kg) 419 720 256 509
(7) The mix design for LWC concrete using 25% normal C.A and 75% cinder ( M20)
(8) The mix design for LWC concrete using 50% E.C.A and 50% cinder ( M20)

29. 29
Sr No. Cement F.A. ECA cinder
Quantity (m3) 0.133 0.422 0.1445 0.4335
Quantity (kg) 419 720 186 339
(9) The mix design for LWC concrete using 25% cinder and 75% E.C.A ( M20)

30. Compressive strength test
30

31. Observation table
CONCRETE MIX AVERAGE 3
DAYS
STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
AVERAGE 7
DAYS
STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
AVERAGE 28
DAYS
STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
DENSITY
(kg/m3)
M1 15.55 17.26 18.50 2450
M2 7.32 8.33 12.60 1495
M3 13.44 15 18.35 2198
M4 8.00 9.58 14.09 1546
M5 10.50 11.46 13.95 1806
M6 11 11.092 12.00 2044
M7 14.65 15.047 17.81 1989
M8 8.35 8.40 11.52 1702
M9 8.50 8.70 12.84 1555
31

32. 32
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
DIFFERENT MIX DESIGNS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULT AFTER 3 DAYS (N/mm2)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
TEST RESULT AFTER 3 DAYS
(N/mm2)

33. 33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
(N/mm
2
)
DIFFERENT MIX DESIGNS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULT AFTER 7 DAYS (N/mm2)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
RESULT AFTER 7 DAYS (N/mm2)

34. 34
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
(N/mm
2
)
DIFFERENT MIX DESIGNS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS AFTER 28 DAYS (N/mm2)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
RESULTS AFTER 28 DAYS
(N/mm2)

35. 35
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
DENSITY
(KG/m
3
)
DIFFERENT MIX DESIGNS
DENSITY (KG/m3)
DENSITY (KG/m3)

36. 36
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
3 DAYS RESULT
7 DAYS RESULT
28 DAYS RESULT

37. Permeability test
• Permeability test of concrete is carried out by IS 3085:1965.
• Objective : Permeability of concrete is of particular significance in structures which
are intended to retain water or which come into contact with water. Besides
functional considerations, permeability is also intimately related to the durability of
concrete, specially its resistance, against progressive deterioration under exposure to
severe climate, and leaching due to prolonged seepage of water, particularly when it
contains aggressive gases or minerals in solution. The determination of the
permeability characteristics of mortar and concrete, therefore, assumes considerable
importance.
37

38. Apparatus
1. Permeability Cell
38

39. 2. Water Reservoir :
3. Pressure Lines : Heavy duty armoured rubber hose or suitable metal tubing or any
other equally suitable hose or pipe shall be used for the various high pressure
connections. All joints shall be properly made to render them leakproof.
39

40. procedure
1. Calibrating the Reservoir
2. Preparing the Specimen
3. Sealing the Specimen
4. Testing the Seal
5. Assembling the Apparatus
6. Running the Test
7. Test Temperature
40

41. Calculations :
• The Coefficient of Permeability shall be calculated as follows:
K = Q / (A*T*H/L)
where,
K= Coefficient of permeability (cm/sec),
Q= quantity of water in millimeters percolating over the entire period of test after the
steady state has been reached,
A= area of the specimen face in cm2,
T= time in seconds over which Q is measured, and
H/L= ratio of the pressure head to thickness of specimen, both expressed in the same
units.
41

42. Precautions
• The seal around the specimen should be effective. Leakage through can give rise
to misleading results. Obtaining a good seal is best achieved by experience, and a
general guidance alone can be provided.
• It is necessary to ensure that air content does not exceed about 0.2%, Excessive
amount of dissolver air can result in air in the specimen and apparent reduction in
permeability. Periodic sampling through drain cock wall facilitates determination
of air content .if the air content access the limit, the whole system shall be
drained and replenished with fresh de-aired water.
• Coefficient of permeability shall be calculated after attainment of permeability
shall be calculated after steady state, monitor the inflow and outflow date with
time or draw suitable graphs to establish steady state.
• The outflow is liable to be influenced by evaporation during period of collection,
the collector bottle shall be housed in a humid chamber of blank observation on a
similar bottle containing water should be made, to apply necessary correction.
The inflow measurement provide an additional check.
42

43. Cost analysis
• Market rate of different materials:
43
material per price
cement bag
320
Fine aggregate m3
850
Coarse aggregate m3
900
Cinder aggregate Kg
2
Expanded clay aggregate
(ECA)
Kg ( 16 kg per bag 8-16
mm size ) 28.75

44. Observation table
44
CONCRETE MIX COST ANALYSIS
M1
4215.2
M2
3962.04
M3
4649.6
M4
4025.33
M5
4088.62
M6
3984.6
M7
4542
M8
4891.6
M9
4305.82

45. 45
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
COST
(INDIAN
RUPEES)
DIFFERENT MIX DESIGNS
cost analysis for 1m3 of concrete made by M20 geade
cost analysis for 1m3 of concrete
made by M20 geade

46. Comparison of light weight
concrete and conventional concrete
Light weight concrete Conventional concrete
46
• density - 300 kg/m3 and1850 kg/m3
• Lower in weight
• Density is less
• cost is more when we replace
coarse aggregate more then 50%
• L.W.C. has low thermal conductivity
and has an ability to absorb sound.
• Workability – poor
• density - 2240 kg/m3 and 2400
kg/m3
• Higher in weight
• Density is more
• Cost is more
• Conventional concrete has more
thermal conductivity as compared
to L.W.C.
• Workability-good

47. Conclusion :
 The density of Concrete using ECA falls in the range of 1200 –1500 kg/m³.
 Surface finishing of ECA concrete is not good.
 The compressive strength of large ECA concrete has lesser strength than the
small ECA concrete.
 Concrete using cinder gives more strength than Concrete using ECA.
 The compressive strength of light weight concrete is lower than the ordinary
conventional concrete.
 From the compressive strength results, it is observed that as the percentage of
ECA is increasing the compressive strength is decreasing since, the density of
concrete is reduced by addition of ECA.
 This light weight concrete has low thermal conductivity and has an ability to
absorb sound. So, it can be used for acoustic structures.
 Workability of L.W.C. is poor then conventional concrete.
47

48.  Rapolu Kishore Kumar, S. Nikhil and P. Sairamchander, (April 2017),
‘’ STUDY OF LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE’’, International Journal
of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), Volume 8, Issue 4,
PP.1223–1230.
 Dr. S. Vijaya and Nagashree B , ’’ Experimental Study on Light Weight
Concrete using Leca and Cinder as Coarse Aggregates’’, July-2015,
(IJERT), Vol. 4 Issue 07,
 Dasthagir and Dadapeer A.B.S, Strengths Analysis of Concrete by
using Cinder Aggregate, December 2016, Vol. 5, Issue 12
 E.Hanuman Sai Gupta and V.Giridhar Kumar, (july 2015),
‘’Investigations on Properties of Light Weight Cinder Aggregate
Concrete’’, International Journal of Engineering Research and
Development, Volume 11, Issue 07, PP.50-59.
 r.S. muralitharan and V. ramasamy, (october - november
2017),Development of lightweight concrete for structural applications
,’’ Journal of Structural Engineering’’, Vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1-5
 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.V. College of
Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, Ind
48
References:

49.  www.wikipedia.com
 Concrete technology by M.S. SHETTY.
 Building material by S.K.DUGGAL.
 IS 10262-2019
 IS 383
 IS 12269-2013
 IS 516-1959
 IS 3085:1965
49
References:

50. 50
Thank You