Carbon is a nonmetallic element that readily forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms due to its tetravalent nature. This property of catenation allows carbon to form large, complex molecules. Diamonds consist of carbon atoms in a rigid, covalent structure that makes it very hard, while graphite has layers of carbon atoms in hexagonal rings that gives it a softer, slippery texture and ability to conduct electricity. Carbon also forms saturated molecules with single bonds like alkanes, and unsaturated molecules with double or triple bonds like alkenes and alkynes. Soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids that are biodegradable but less soluble, while detergents are sodium salts of sulphonic acids
2. What Is
Carbon???
CARBON is the chemical
element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is
nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. There
are three naturally occurring isotopes, with 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is radioactive.
graphite
3. Four main reason :-
a) Catenation – The self linking property of Carbon with
other carbon atoms giving rise to large molecules.
b)Tetracovalency– Having 4
electrons in outermost shell.
4. A diamond crystal is a
giant molecule of carbon
atoms . Each carbon atom
is linked to other carbon
atoms by strong covalent
bonds. The rigid structure
of diamond makes it a very
hard substance.
It is a non conductor of
electricity because there is
no free electrons in a
diamond crystal.
5.
It is lighter than diamond and is
soft and slippery to touch.
It conduct electricity
The structure of graphite is very
different from that of diamond. It
consists of layers of carbon atoms
or sheet of carbon atoms.
Each carbon atoms in a graphite
layer is joined to three other
carbon atoms by strong covalent
bonds to form flat hexagonal
rings.
6. SATURATED
• Single bond between
two atoms.
• Alkanes are saturated.
• Example:-methane,
propane etc.
UNSATURATED
• Double bond between
two atoms.
• Alkenes and Alkynes.
• Example:-ethene,
propyne etc.
7. SOAPS
• Soaps are sodium salt of
carboxylic acid.(fatty acid)
• It cannot work on hard water.
• Soaps are biodegradable.
• They are less soluble in water.
DETERGENTS
• Detergents are sodium salt
of sulphonic acid.
• It can work on hard water.
• Detergents are non
biodegradable.
• They are more soluble in
water.
