solar distillation process for water purification solar still equipment detailed study

1. A MINI PROJECT – 2
ON
LOW COST SOLAR WASTE WATER
TREATMENT
Prepared by: Guided by:
Harsh Patel(17bch034) Dr. Ankur Dwivedi
Hir Patel(17bch035) Assitant Professor

2. INTRODUCTION
 The fresh, clean water is a limited resource. The need for safe, clean drinking water is
increasing rapidly.
 Waste water is the water that emerges after fresh water is human beings for domestic,
commercial and industrial use. The water that emerges after these uses contains, oils used
in cooking, vegetable matter detergents, dirt floors that have been washed, soap used in
bathing along with oils/greases washed from the human body. This water is referred to as
“Grey Water”.
 The most widely used process for water purification is Distillation. Solar still distillation is
a natural phenomenon on earth.
 The aim of our project is to purify water by solar energy.

3.  we used solar water distillation method to treat
the water. Solar energy is free of cost so it
more preferable compare to above methods.
 Solar distillation is the use of solar energy to
evaporate water and collect its condensate
within the same closed system. Unlike other
forms of water purification, it can turn salt or
brackish water into fresh drinking water.
 Solar distillation differs from other forms of
desalination that are more energy-intensive, such
as methods such as reverse osmosis, or simply
boiling water due to its use of free energy.
Solar water distillation

4.  A very common and, by far, the largest example of solar distillation is the natural
water cycle that the Earth experiences.
 With the help of solar water distillation method, we can separate the solid and
soluble impurities. Solar desalination is one of the example of solar water
distillation method. the salt will be separated from water with the help of the solar
desalination process.
 Solar still system is used to purified the water in industries and also used to
separate the salt from water.
 we can also use a solar panel to purified the water. Solar panel, charge controller,
battery, inverter, pure and dirty water tank, ro plant, ultra-violate lamp are required
for water treatment.

5.  Block diagram of water treatment with the help
of solar panel

6.  All 3 methods are used in water purification process. most
preferable methods are solar water distillation and solar panel
to purified water.
 Solar energy is free of cost so we can used it any time.
 Only in monsoon season it is very difficult to used direct
solar energy for solar water distillation method.at that time
solar panel is used to store the solar energy.

7. EXPERIMENT NO.1:-
Solar water distillation system model
 Lab scale experiment:
 Aim: To treat water with the
help of solar water distillation
system
 Apparatus: 2 plastic bottle,
bottle cap, glue gun, pipe (L:80
cm, D:0.75 cm), cutter, marker
pan, scissor.
 Source: Solar energy

8. Procedure:
 First take one pipe which diameter is 0.75 cm and
length 80 cm. mark pipe on bottle cap and cut that
marked portion on cap. than pass the pipe from both
of bottle cap. then used the glue gum to joint the
bottle cap with each other.
 Fill the bottle with dirty water which contains
impurities like chemicals, send. Connect one end of
the pipe bottle cap with this bottle and connect empty
bottle with another end of pipe bottle cap.

9. Final model

10.  After some time the pure water is collected in the upper side
bottle and impurities are collected at bottom of the another bottle.
 This water is used as a drinking water because is contain 0%
impurities. Only the bacteria are present in this water but it can be
removed by boiling of water(primary treatment).
Result:

11. Before the experiment After the experiment
 we show that the water is evaporate and the cooled down and collected to the another
bottle. water collected in that bottle is fully purified. the solid impurities are collected
to the bottom part of the bottle.
 water is used as a drinking water. the bacterial impurities are removed by boling of the
water.

12. EXPERIMENT NO: 2
Solar water distillation system(solar still)
 Industries level equipment :
 Aim : To treat water with the help of solar water distillation system
(solar still) in industries.
 Apparatus : Basin , glass , aluminium absorber plate , wood as a
insulation material , thermocouple.

13. Figure 1: Solar still with thermocouple Figure 2: Solar still with condensate
 Fig.1 & 2 shows the fabricated Solar still system, which
consists mainly of an glass cover and absorber plate
which creates a cavity for the condensate to settle.
 The system is inclined at an optimum angle of 30℃ and
the solar still was exposed to solar rays for the time
period of 8 hrs.
 Initially 1liter of saline water was feed into the still and
continuously monitored. The water level before
condensation was 2.5cm.
 Continuous water level and different temperatures (water
temperature & still temperature) were measured.
Thermocouple was used for measuring the temperatures.
Experimental setup:

14. Specification Dimension
Basin area 412.9 cm*cm
Top glass area 464.51 cm*cm
Glass thickness 4 mm
Aluminium thickness 2 mm
Slope of the glass 30 degree angle
Dimensions of the designed solar still

15. Working :
 The purification process involved
mainly two processe:
1)Evaporation
2)Condensation
 The solar still system is used solar
energy for purification of water.
so study of solar radiation is very
important for the solar still
system.

16. Study of solar radiation
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
GLOBAL DIFFUSED DIRECT TERRESTRIAL NET
RADIATION VS DISTRIBUSION
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
Radiation distribution graph in 2019

17. Heat loss in the solar still system
1. Internal Heat Transfer for the Still
2. Radiative heat transfer
3. Convective heat transfer
4. Evaporative heat transfer

18. COMPARISION BETWEEN TWO SYATEM
(EXPERIMENT NO 1 AND EXPERIMENT NO 2)
Sr no. Time water level Volume
1 10 am 2.5 cm 1000 ml
2 12 pm 2.4 cm 960 ml
3 3 pm 2.2 cm 880 ml
4 4 pm 2.1 cm 840 ml
5 6 pm 1.9 cm 760 ml
 The first modal which are generally made up from plastic material is use for
household application and the process of the purification of water is very slow
compare to second solar still system
Evaporation rates of waste water by solar still system

19. Water Temperature of the solar distillation system is in range between 30 to 40 °C.
Sr no. Temp(°C.) Time water level Volume
1 24 10 am 10 cm 500 ml
2 30 12 pm 9.9 cm 485 ml
3 39.5 3 pm 9.6 cm 460 ml
4 32 4 pm 9.55 cm 450 ml
5 29 6 pm 9 cm 400 ml

20. Evaporation rates of waste water by solar distillation system
(plastic model)
Figure 1: solar distiller(at 10 am) Figure 2: solar distiller(at 12 am) Figure 3:solar distiller(at 3 pm)

21. Figure 5: Solar distiller(at 6 pm)Figure 4:Solar distiller(at 4 pm)

22. PH chart for different type of water which are purified by
solar still
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
POND DRINKING BOILER TAP CO2 DISSOLVED
PH VS Different type of water
Series 1 Column1 Column2

23. Result for different types of waste water under the study of solar
distillation system
Physico-chemical
characteristics
Feed water (before distillation) Solar distillate (after
solar distillation)
Basin water Kitchen water Muddy water
PH value 8.2 8.8 5.2 6.8-7.2
Total solids(mg/l) 923 1332 1421 00
TDS(mg/l) 700 880 316 00
TSS(mg/l) 210 452 617 00
Sulphates(mg/l) 168 254 216 00
Phosphates(mg/l) 151 176 162 00
chlorides(mg/l) 194 233 212 00

24. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE SOLAR WATER
DISTILLATION SYSTEM
Advantages:
 Provide a maintained pH level which is very close to natural water as compared to
other water purifiers.
 very cheap there is no cost of extra energy once you’re solar still is manufactured
you will get benefits without extra cost.
 Less hazardous because there is no any mechanical equipment.
Disadvantages:
 The solar still doesn’t break down the bacteria’s.
 In solar still boiling process of water does not occur.
 Sun still produces a low quantity of water compare to other purification process of
water.
 It required time very much to produce less quantity of water.

25. Future scope of solar distillation system(solar still)
 On the basis of throughout study of solar still and solar radiation pattern, we aim on designing and
fabricating dynamic solar mechanism for waste water treatment.
 In today’s scenario at most places the sewage waste in directly thrown in the water bodies like river or lake.
This includes 99% of water content.
 If we pass this sewage through dynamic solar mechanism, we can try to separate out as much water content
as possible from the waste. By the use of solar distillation this can be achieved. In such system we will get
only dry waste on the other end.

26. Applications:
 Solar stills are used in cases where rain, piped, or
well water is impractical, such as in remote homes
or during power outages. In subtropical hurricane
target areas that can lose power for days, solar
distillation can provide an alternative source of
clean water.
 Solar still is also use in desalination process for
separation of water and salt.
 The solar still is one of the oldest and by far the
simplest water desalination method. A solar still
consists of a structural element called a basin
covered with a transparent material to allow the
incident solar radiation to pass through to the basin
saline water for thermal absorption and evaporation.
Solar still desalination

27.  Shreya’s water engineers, sola , Ahmedabad, Gujrat
 Urmi solar system ltd. Vatva,ahmedabad,gujrat
 Sgr India engineering co. Jalandher,panjab
 Agni solar system pvt Ltd. , pune,maharashtra
 Vaigunth ener tek.Ltd, Chennai, Tamil nadu
VJ INSTRUMENTS solar still system,Washim, maharastra
NAMES OF COMPAMY WHO MAKE THE SOLAR DISTILLATION
PLANT(SOLAR STILL) IN INDIA.

28. REFERENCES:
 Nithin P. K., Hariharan.R, Design and Heat Loss Calculations from Double Effect Type Solar Still Integrated
with LFPC,Vol 3,282-289
 Solar Radiation Hand Book (2008), A joint Project of Solar Energy Centre, MNRE Indian Metrological
Department, Vol 5,110-113
 Palak Patel,A Review to “Increase the Performance of Solar Still: Make It Multi-Layer Absorber”,
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: Volume: 2
Issue: 2, 2321-8169.
 Hassan E.S. Fath” Development in Simple Solar Stills”, Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination – Vol.
iii page: 551-512.
 www.safewater.org › fact-sheets-1 › 2016/12 › solar-water-distillation
 www.sciencedirect.com › topics › engineering
 G.N Tiwari and Sangeetha Suneja, Performance Evaluation of an inverted absorber solar still, Energy convers
Mgmt.Vol-39 (1996) pp 173-180.
 G.N Tiwari, A. Kupfermann, Shruti Aggarwal, “A new design for a double slope condensing chamber solar
still”, Desalination 114(1997),Volume 2, 153-164.

29. Thank you