Amblyopia, commonly known as a "lazy eye", is a reduction in vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development as the brain learns how to interpret images from the eyes. It occurs during early childhood if the eyes do not work together properly or receive different images. Treatment involves patching the strong eye to force use of the weak eye, improving focus with glasses, or in rare cases surgery. Early diagnosis before age 5 and treatment increases the chances of fully correcting vision.

1. AMBLYOPIA
• Amblyos-------Dull
• Opia------------Vision

2. A child wearing an adhesive eye patch to correct Amblyopia
Pronunciation /æmbliˈoʊpi.ə/ AM-blee-OH-pee-ə
Specialty Ophthalmology, optometry
Symptoms Decreased vision
Usual onset Before age five
]
Causes Poor alignment of the eyes, eye being
irregularly shaped such that focusing
is difficult, one eye being more
nearsighted or farsighted, clouding
of the lens
Diagnostic method Vision testing
Differential diagnosis Brainstem disorders, optic nerve
disorder, eye diseases
Treatment Glasses, eye patch
]
Frequency~ -2% of adults

3. DEFINITION
Amblyopia is the unilateral, or rarely bilateral,
decrease in best-corrected visual acuitycaused by
form vision deprivation and/or abnormal binocular
interaction, for which there is no identifiable
pathology of the eye or visual pathway.
“ Amblyopia is a developmental defect of spatial
visual processing that occurs in the central visual
pathway of eye .” . It is also known as “ Dull of
vision. “ or “ lazy eye”.

4. 1. Straight eye amblyopia –
a. With high hypermetropia in the amblyopic eye
anisometropia amblyopia.
b. With equal refractive error in the both eyes.
c. With no significant refractive error.
2. Amblyopia with squint :-
a. With central fixation.
b. With or without fixative refractive error in the
amblyopic deviating eye .
3. With eccentic fixation
Cause of Amblyopia :-

5. Types of Amblyopia :-
1. Strabismic amblyopia.
2. Anisometropic amblyopia.
3. Ametropic amblyopia.
4. Stimulus deprivation amblyopia.
5. Meridional amblyopia.

6. Some Symptoms
• Bump into things on a particular side a lot.
• Experience a large difference in nearsightedness
or farsightedness between the two eyes.
• Favor one side of the body.
• Have crossed eyes.
• Have a droopy eyelid.
• Shut one eye or squint a lot.
• Frequently tilt their head to one side.

7. Amblyopia Diagnosed
• Early diagnosis increases the chances of a full
recovery.
• The American Optometric Association
recommends that children have a thorough
vision screening before 6 months of age and
again before they’re 3 years old.

8. Tests for Amblyopia
• Put drops in the eye to make the pupil bigger.
• Shine a light in each eye.
• Cover one eye at a time and test whether each
eye can follow a moving object.
• Ask older children to read letters on a chart on
the other side of the room.

9. Treatments for Amblyopia
• Eye patches for kids: Your child may wear a patch over the better
eye for at least a few hours per day. This effective treatment can
last months or even years. The patch forces the brain to use the
images from the weaker eye, eventually making that eye
stronger.
• Glasses: Eyeglasses are also a common lazy eye treatment. They
can help Amblyopia by improving nearsightedness,
farsightedness and eye crossing.
• Eye drops: For mild cases, your provider may recommend eye
drops (atropine) to temporarily blur vision in the better eye. The
goal is the same as a patch: to force the brain to use the weaker
eye.
• Surgery: An operation for amblyopia is rare. Your healthcare
provider may suggest surgery to fix certain causes of amblyopia,
such as cataracts.

10. Can you fix a lazy eye with exercises?
• Color in the lines.
• Hold a pencil near your nose. Move it away,
then bring it close. Focus on it as it moves.
• Do puzzles while wearing a patch on the
stronger eye.
• Read while wearing a patch over the stronger
eye.

11. Conclusion
Amblyopia is a common cause of vision loss in
children. Kids should have early and regular
vision screening so providers can detect any
vision problems. Treatments, such as a patch or
glasses, can be very effective when started early
before vision loss is severe. Most pediatricians
and schools offer vision screening. Talk to your
healthcare provider if you notice any vision or
eye problems in your child.

12. THANK YOU