The Influence of Chromium of micro-structure and properties of Hadfield Steel. Review paper.

1. INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM CONTENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE
AND PROPERTIES OF HADFIELD STEEL
AUTHOR: NGUYEN DUONG NAM, PHAM MAI KHANH, LE THI CHIEU AND HOANG THI NGOC QUYEN
DEPARTERMENT OF MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
INSTRUCTOR: DR. TRAN DUC HUY
STUDENT: TRAN VAN HIEP
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2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 THE INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HADFIELD STEEL
 EXPERIMENTAL
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSION
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3. HISTORY
 Hadfield – high manganese steel was found by Sir Robert Hadfield, a British
metallurgist, in 1882.
 He found it by put more Mn into molten metal with ratio Mn:C (10:1)
 The best mechanical properties with 1 - 1.4% C and 11 - 14% Mn
 He obtained a material has exceptional durability.
 Using in the construction of railroad rails and rock-crushing machinery.
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1858-1940

4. HADFIELD STEEL
 Characteristics of Hadfield steel:
- It is a work hardening steel and more impact and abrasion it gets the harder the surface becomes
- Steel stays ductile underneath - only surface layer hardens
- Low friction properties and non-magnetic
 Chemical composition:
 Mechanical properties:
C Mn Si P S Cr Ni Fe
1.0-1.3 12.0-14.0 0.5-0.8 0.005
max
0.05
max
- - bal
YS
(MPa)
UST
(MPa)
EL
(%)
Modulus
(MPa)
Hardness
(HV)
Impact
(J.𝑐𝑚−2
)
414 955 40 186x103
200 112 4

5. APPLICATIONS OF HADFIELD STEEL
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Rails
Mechanic toolMatrix of MMCs
Wheel of tankMilling Hammer
Excavator Bucket

6. APPLICATIONS
 Note:
 Hadfield steel just has wear resistence very high, but in an other
condition, it is very weak because it can not form surface layer hadens.
Example: when atomic sand, hadfield was be corrosion rapidly.
 Although steel has low hardness after austenization (200HV), but it is so
hard for cutting  Just fabricate by casting.
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7. HADFIELD STEEL
Phase diagram of high manganese, 13% Mn
Microstructure
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8. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Melting
Set 1
0.03%Cr
Set 2
1.91%Cr
Set 3
2.53% Cr
Heat
Treatment
EDS Cutting
Micro-Mechanical
Properties
Wear TestImpact TestHardness
Optical
Microscope
SEM
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9. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Set Fe C Si Mn Cr
1 83.4 0.80 1.10 13.70 0.03
2 82.9 1.13 0.78 12.80 1.91
3 81.6 0.85 1.13 12.90 2.53
Chemical composition
- After casting, forming a lost of carbide (Mn3C, Fe-Mn3C)
at grain boundary  britte
- Reheating to 1050oC and hold in 2h, quenching in water
Carbide was be soluted into austenite. Just a litte carbide
stays in grain boundary  increse strength, toughness
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10. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Before testing:
-Set 1: Grain size after casting abt 100μm (coarse)
Austenite matrix
-Set 2, 3: Grain size 40-50μm
Austenite matrix
Austenite, γ-Fe
Mn
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11. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Following TCVN 312- 1:2007, impact 1000 times, load
100N/cm2
 After Testing: Observed no martensite structure
Set 1: Austenite matrix, and a litter twins structure
Set 2: Austenite matrix, but has more twins structure with
multi-direction and grain size is smaller ( ~30μm)
Set 3: Austenite matrix, carbides and twins less than set 2
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12. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Hardness result
Sample Set 1 Set 2 Set 3
No impact, load 169 192 195
Impact, load 200 219 225
169
192 195200
219 225
0
50
100
150
200
250
Set 1 Set 2 Set 3
Hardness (HV)
No Impact Impact
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13. CONCLUSION
Two main point
1. In work hardening of Hadfield steel, there is
no martensite transformation.
That is the formation of twins and defect
2. With ~ 2% Cr, we get the best mechanical
properties.
Microstructure
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14. FUTURE WORK
1. In my opinion, we need do more testing in different condition or
combine 2,3 condition to reach accurate result.
2. In addition, we should be consider more abt the influence of elements
such as V, Si, Ni,…
3. May be in the different of fabrication Hadfield steel process, we will get
different result.
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15. REFERENCE
1. http://psrcentre.org/images/extraimages/4%20414052.pdf
2. http://www.steelmills.com/Manganese_Steel.html
3. http://file.scirp.org/Html/27241.html
4. http://www.oto-hui.com/threads/thep-austenit-mangan-cao-qua-khu-hien-tai-va-tuong-lai.8685/
5. https://nguyenkhanhks.wordpress.com/tag/thep/
6. https://sites.google.com/site/truongvanchinhvatlieucokhi/home/gang-va-thep-1/thep/thep-hop-kim-dac-
biet/thep-co-tinh-chong-mai-mon-dac-biet-cao-duoi-tai-trong-va-dap
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