This presentation gives general idea about Neutraceuticals, Whey protein and its health benefit and mechanism.

2. Seminar on
NUTRACEUTICALS:
“Whey protein and its importance as
health food”
Dairy Technology Division
ICAR, NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Karnal, Haryana
PRESENTED BY -
Anshul Shekhawat
Hemant Thawkar

4. Introduction
 Nutraceuticals:
Coined from ‘Nutrition’ and ‘Pharmaceuticals’
in 1989 by Stephen DeFelice
MD ,Chairman and founder of the ‘Foundation for
innovation in medicine’(FIM)
 A food or a part of food or nutrient that provides health
and medical benefits including ,prevention and treatment
of disease

5. Contd…
 They are also known as medical foods, nutritional
supplements and dietary supplements
 Ranges from isolated nutrients,
genetically engineered ‘designer’ foods, herbal products,
and processed products such as cereals and soups

6. Categories of Nutraceuticals
• Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,
Fatty acids, etc.
Nutrients
• Herbs or Botanical products
Herbals/
Phytochemicals
• Probiotics, Prebiotics, Antioxidants,
Enzymes, etc.
Dietary
Supplements

7. WHEY PROTEIN
 Whey protein :- Mixture of globular proteins isolated
from Whey
 Whey protein is considered as a complete protein
having Essential and Branched Chain amino acids
 Super antioxidant agent in Whey Protein known as
Gluthatione

8. Composition of Whey Protein
Alpha Lactalbumin
Beta Lactoglobulin
Bovine Serum Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Lactoferrin, Calcium Potassium,
Sodium, Phosphorus, Vit. C, B1, B2,
B3, B5, B12, Folic Acid & Biotin

9. Major Forms of Whey Protein
CONCENTRATE ISOLATE
HYDROLYSATE
NATIVE
WHEY
WHEY
PROTEIN

10. Health benefits of whey Protein

11. Immunoregulatory
 The plasma level of IL-7, IL-8 and glutathione concentration
significantly improved.
 The ability of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages to
proliferate in response to stimulation with different antigens
increased.
 It was observed that in vitro migration of B cells, T cells and
dendritic cells towards the cytokines significantly increased in
whey protein-treated group compared to the control.
 Psoriasis is chronic autoimmune disease causing thick skin, dry
scales and red patches. It was investigated whether bioactive whey
protein isolate can increase glutathione levels and resultantly
combat the severity of systemic inflammation due to psoriasis
 Recommende intake of 20 g/day whey protein isolate prove good.

12. Proposed mechanism
 Lactoferrin mediated differentiation of CD4 T-Lymphocyte
as it is proven that lymphocyte receptor binding region for
bovine lactoferrin reside in the N-terminal peptide released
by trypsin (Schanbacher et al.,1997)
 Lactoferrin have ability to stimulate the release of the
nutrophil-activating chemokine IL-8 from Human
polymorphonuclear leucocytes (Shinoda et al., 1996)
 Alpha Lactoglobulin feed diet increased the humoral
responses in the murine

13. Differentiation of CD4 Th lymphocyte

14. The immunomodulatory properties are explained by the ability
of Lf to interact with proteoglycans and receptors on the
surface of mammalian cells: cells of the innate (NK cells,
neutrophils, macrophages, basophils, neutrophils and mast
cells) and adaptive [lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
(APCs)] immune systems, and also epithelial and endothelial
cells. Through these interactions, Lf is able to modulate the
migration, maturation and functions of immune cells, and thus
to influence both adaptive and innate immunities.

15. Anticancer
 Several studies have suggested that whey protein may confer
benefits on cancer patients:-
 Whey protein may also be beneficial, as shown by both animal
and human studies, and experimental data have demonstrated
that the major component bovine lactoferrin (bLF),inhibits
colon carcinogenesis in the post-initiation stage in male F344
rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM) without any over
toxicity.
 Anticancer effect of whey protein was investigated using
melanoma B16F10 cells as the model. Caspase-3 expression
increased significantly in the whey protein isolate-containing
media
(Castro et al.,2009)

16. Proposed Mechanism
 Lactoferrin-mediated inhibition of tumor growth might be
related to apoptosis of these cells, induced by the activation of
the Fas signaling pathway
 Lf recruits a multitude of mechanisms to exert its multiple
effects. It binds to several types of receptors that carry out cargo
transport as well as signal transduction. Additionally, whey
peptides can chelate and bind (Fe3+),(Cu2+), (Mn3+) and
(Zn2+) which are necessary for cell proliferation

18. Antidiabetic
 Whey protein is also a rich source of amino acids, and
these can directly stimulate beta cells to secrete
insulin, which contributes to the reduction in
postprandial glycaemia
 Appetite is suppressed with consumption of whey, due
to its effects on the gut-brain axis and the
hypothalamus. These properties of whey protein
suggest its potential in the management of type2
diabetes
 The stimulation of insulin secretion from murine islets
in vitro by whey was inhibited by GIP receptor
antagonists

19.  (Mar et al., 1948) reported in type 2 patients that a 55 g
whey protein preload, given 30 min before a meal, slows
gastric emptying when compared to either a nutrient free
preload or ingestion of whey with the meal
 Whey hydrolysates, produced using digestive enzymes
such as pepsin and trypsin, have been found to inhibit the
activity of DPP-Ⅳ in vitro
 (Frid et al., 1962) evaluated the effect of adding whey
protein to high glycaemic index meals taken at breakfast
and lunch in patients with type 2 diabetes. Plasma insulin
responses were higher after both breakfast (31%) and lunch
(57%) with whey (27.6 g) when compared to lean ham or
lactose. There was a reduction in blood glucose excursions
Contd…

20. Proposed mechanism

21. Antihypertensive
Hypertension-Prolonged high blood pressure
 Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role
in the regulation of blood pressure, as well as for the fluid and
salt balance in mammals
 It catalyzes the formation of angiotensin II, a strong
vasoconstriction octapeptide, from angiotensin I, and also
inactivates bradykinin, which causes the blood vessels to
dilate and hence lowers blood pressure
 Therefore, ACE inhibition may lead to a reduction in blood
pressure .The synthetic ACE inhibitors, such as captopril and
enalapril, are generally used in the treatment of primary
hypertension
 But they have certain undesirable side effects, including
coughing, skin discomfort, impaired renal function

23. ACE inhibitors

24.  In an experimental study Male SHRs (male mouse ), 10 week-
old and weighting 228 ± 5 g were feeded with Commercial
whey protein isolate (WPI 9400) alone and in the
supplementation with the ACE inhibiting drugs regularly for 20
days
 These findings indicate that the oral administration of WPH,
240 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg b.w./day, to SHR is able to
attenuate the progression of hypertension with the decrease in
SBP and DBP, similar to that of 50 mg captopril/kg
Contd…

25. Contd…

26.  Heavy physical exercise can cause oxidative stress in addition to
significantly increasing muscle damage and catabolism, thereby
raising the daily protein intake can be an option to reduce stress.
 On the other hand, the changes in muscle structure are related to
ingestion of protein or amino acids with whey beverages being a
convenient option to provide nutrients to maximise the anabolism
of people who are physical active
 Dairy proteins, in particular whey proteins (WPs), have adequate
L-leucine, L-valine and L-isoleucine levels and can be a practical
option for this purpose
Muscle strength

27.  Twenty-four young male professional soccer players
with anaverage age of 18 0.8 years, engaged in an
official tournament in the top Brazilian league along with
47 other teams, were recruited for the study
 Twenty-four players were divided into three groups
according to supplement:whey protein (WP),
hydrolysed whey protein (HWP), or a non-protein
placebo (maltodextrin, MALTO)
 Biochemical, anthropometric and performance tests
were applied on week 0 and week 12 of the
intervention. Intervention with hydrolysed whey protein
resulted in significant decreases in the muscle damage
indicators, creatine kinase (42%) and lactate
dehydrogenase (30%), compared with increases in the
MALTO group
Contd…