This document provides an overview of orthosis, including their functions, uses, prerequisites for application, and types. Orthosis are externally applied devices that modify body structure and function. They can assist weak areas, resist or support movement, substitute motor function, and relieve weight. Orthosis are used for conditions like paralysis, nerve injuries, brain injuries, arthritis, and deformities. Key types discussed are static, dynamic, spinal, upper limb, lower limb, and footwear modifications. Examples of specific orthosis include slings, aeroplane splints, cock up splints, AFOs, KAFOs, HKAFOs, and footwear modifications like heels and pads.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Orthosis is defined as an Externally applied device used to modify
structural and functional characteristic of neuro musculoskeletal system
• Orthosis is a Greek word meaning “Making straight “.
3. FUNCTIONS
• To assist weak part or segment eg., Springs, rubber bands.
• To resist movement at a joint or a part eg., foot drop stop to resist plantar flexion
• To support “to give rest or immobilize a joint or a part to allow heal up, to prevent
deformity or to maintain functional position
• To substitute for absent motor function eg., dynamic finger extension splint in
radial nerve injury.
• To relieve weight eg., iscial or PTB weight relieving orthosis
• To block a particular segment to prohibit movement in one joint so that the other
joint can be exercised.
• Attachment of assistive devices.
4. USES
Orthosis are given in following conditions:
• Post polio paralysis
• Nerve injury
• Stroke and Trauma brain injury
• Spinal cord injury
• Arthritis and soft tissue rheumatism
• Deformities
• Burns
• Sports
5. PREREQUISITE FOR APPLICATION
OF ORTHOSIS
• Range of motion
• Muscle strength
• Sensation
• Spasticity
• Deformities
• Pain
• Shortening
• Comfortability
6. TYPES
• Orthosis may be :
Static: Rigid ; gives support without movement.
Dynamic: Keeps limb in position and alows movement in
specific directions.
Based different regions:
• Spinal orthosis
• Upper limb orthosis
• Lower limb orthosis
• Foot wear modification
7. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Shoulder and arm orthosis:
- Sling-figure of 8 orthosis:
helps in preventing subluxation
in hemiplegia ,tetraplegia
8. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Shoulder and arm orthosis:
-Aeroplane splint: In
brachial plexus injury