Layers of society

2. Social Stratification

3. 1
• Introduction
2
• Principles
3
• Mobility
4
• Categories of Social Stratrification
5
• Types of Systems

4. What is Social Stratrification?
 Social Stratification describes the way in which different
groups of people are placed within society forming different
social layers.
1 •Introduction

5.  Income

Wealth
 A network of social connections
1.1
•Structure of inequality

6.  Social layers are formed on the basis of
following factors:
 Income and Wealth
 A network of social connections
 Social class
 Inequality
 Gender
 Education
 Religion.
1.1
•Structure of inequality

7. KARL MARK

8.  POWER: the ability to impose ones will on others.
Prestige: the respect given by others.
Property: forms of wealth.
1.1
•Structure of inequality

9. 2
•Principles
Social stratification is based on four basic principles:
1. Social stratification is a trait of society, not
simply a reflection of individual differences.
2. Social stratification carries over from
generation to generation.
3. Social stratification is universal but variable.
4. Social stratification involves not just inequality
but beliefs as well.

10. 3
•Mobility
“The process of moving from one stratification level to
another level is known as Mobility.”

11. vertical
horizontal
intergenerational
intragenerational
3
•Types of Mobility

12. Horizontal Mobility:
Change of job without status change ,such as teacher’s
leaving one school to work in another school.
Vertical Mobility:
It refers to a person or group's movement up or down in
status . This is commonly referred to as social mobility, yet
vertical mobility can also refer to any movement up or down a
level of any kind, not necessarily related to social status in the
same way that social mobility is.
3
•Mobility

13.  Intragenerational social mobility:
It is a change in social position
occurring during a person’s lifetime.
 Over an individuals life.
Intergenerational social mobility:
is upward or downward social
mobility of children in relation to
their parents.
 From one generation to next.
3
•Mobility

14. 4
•Categories of Social Stratrification
1. Open system:
 Its refers to the free movement in status
changes.
 In such a system, status can be achieved,
mobility is motivated and encouraged.
2. Closed system:
 Its refers status is based on birth or caste.
 When a society ascribes to its members,
deferent degrees of status on the basis of
gender, religion and caste.

15. 5
•Types of Systems
Caste System
Class System
Race

16. “Social stratification based on birth is called caste”
 In Caste system, The status of a person does not
depend on his wealth but on the traditional
importance of the caste.
 Endogamy:
Every caste is sub-divided into sub-castes, everyone of which
forbids its members to marry persons outside it.
 Exogamy:
It means people are free to marriage outside of their caste
5.1 •Caste System

17. ‘’A social class is that group of people who have similar
income, wealth, power, and influence’’
5.2 •Class System
Upper Class
Middle Class
Lower class

18. 5.2.1 •Upper class
Upper- upper class
• Enjoying highest
socio-economical and
socio-political status.
• Style of life is
distinguishable.
• Having superiority
complex.
• Having low
percentage in society.
Lower –upper class
• Similar types of
occupation, income,
social participation.
• Recently acquired
wealth and prestige.
• Lack of traditional
family prestige
• Low percentage in
society.

19. 5.2.2 •Middle Class
Upper- middle class
• These are
successful
professionals.
• Most of them are
intellectuals.
• back bone of
society.
• They are large in
number.
Lower –middle class
• Small business.
Small landowners,
worker.
• These are also the
back bone.
• Country progress
depends on them.

20. 5.2.3 •Lower class
Upper –lower class
• Semi-skilled workers,
small business man.
• They are often poor.
• Most hard working
people.
• Hard and frustrating
life.
• Own culture and
behavior.
Lower –lower class
• Unskilled
• Poor
• Health not up to the
mark.
• Neglected class.

21.  Race is one of those terms which are used with
a variety of meanings.
 The term sometimes used as synonymous with
nationality; thus French, Chinese and German
are spoken of as races.
 Sometimes it has been frequently confused
with language, as well as with religion.
 Sometimes used to denote the classification of
human beings on the basis of the Skin’s colour
such as white race or black race.
5.3 •Race

22. Caste:
 Food habits
 Inferiority complex
 Cultural practices
 Superstitions beliefs
 Consanguineous marriage
 Religious sentiment
5.4
•Influence of caste on health
and practices

23. Race:
 Skin problem
 Genetics
 Physical conditions
 Geographical conditions
5.4
•Influence of race on health
and practices

24. 5.4
•Influence of class on health
and Practices
Class:
 Education
 Occupation
 Nutrition
 Residence
 Economic
 Way of living