Introduction to water supply scheme

1. Class : T.Y. B. Tech Civil
Subject: Water Supply Engineering
Unit-I
Introduction to water supply schemes
Prepared by
Prof. H. N. Wagh
Assistant Professor, Department of Structural Engineering
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, 423603
Mail- waghharshadast@sanjivani.org.in, 7588026776

2. • SMART CITIES MISSION IN INDIA
• Vision
• With an increase in urban population and rapid expansion of
areas, government is looking at smarter ways to manage
complexities, increase efficiencies and improve quality of life.
This has created a need for cities that monitor and integrate
infrastructure to better optimise resources and maximise
services to citizens.
• Objective
• The objective of the smart city initiative is to promote
sustainable and inclusive cities that provide core infrastructure
to give a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable
environment through application of some smart solutions such
as data-driven traffic management, intelligent lighting systems,
etc

3. • The core infrastructure elements in a Smart City
include:
i. adequate water supply,
ii. assured electricity supply,
iii. sanitation, including solid waste management,
iv. efficient urban mobility and public transport,
v. affordable housing, especially for the poor,
vi. robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
vii. good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen
participation,
viii. sustainable environment,
ix. safety and security of citizens, particularly women,
children and the elderly, and
x. health and education.

5. • Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): The Central Government assistance to
States for rural water supply began in 1972 with the launch of
Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme.
• It was renamed as National Rural Drinking Water Programme
(NRDWP) in 2009, which is a centrally sponsored scheme with fund
sharing between the Centre and the States.
• Under NRDWP, one of the objectives was to “enable all households
to have access to and use safe & adequate drinking water within
premises to the extent possible”.
• It was proposed to achieve the goal by 2030, coinciding with the
United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
• But now, it is has been planned to achieve the goal by 2024 through
Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
• As per the information available with DDWS, as on 31.3.2019, only
18.33% of rural households i.e., 3.27 Crore out of the total 17.87
Crore rural households in the country, have piped water connection.

6. • Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) Government of India has restructured and
subsumed the ongoing National Rural Drinking Water
Programme(NRDWP) into Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) to provide
Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural
household i.e., Har Ghar Nal Se Jal (HGNSJ).
• The following kinds of works/ schemes are proposed to be taken up
under JJM: i.) In-village water supply (PWS) infrastructure for tap
water connection to every household;
• ii.) Reliable drinking water source development/ augmentation of
existing sources;
• iii.) Transfer of water (multi-village scheme; where quantity &
quality issues are there in the local water sources);
• iv.) Technological intervention for treatment to make water potable
(where water quality is an issue, but quantity is sufficient);
• v.) Retrofitting of completed and ongoing piped water supply
schemes to provide FHTC and raise the service level;
• vi.) Grey water management; vii.) Capacity building of various
stakeholders and support activities to facilitate the implementation.

7. UNIT –I
Introduction to water supply scheme
a) Introduction to water supply scheme:
b) Quantity (water requirement for various purposes)
c) Quality of water

8. Water is the basic need of all living being
• NECESSITY OF WATER
ØDrinking, cooking, washing, bathing, sanitary
purpose.
ØIndustrial Processes, Steam generation.
ØSwimming pools, water games(parks).
ØOrnamental displays like fountains.
ØWatering lawns, gardens and roads.
ØFor modern applications such as air conditioners,
dish washers, washing machines etc.
ØFor extinguishing fires
ØIrrigation purposes.

9. Water supply scheme : Various phases
• Selection of source
• Collection and conveyance of raw water
• Treatment of water
• Pumping and storage of water in ESR
• Distribution of water
DATA TO BE COLLECTED FOR WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
1. Source of water
2. Quantity of water required
- - Population to served
- - Water demands- domestic, public, industrial
- - Design period
3.Quality of water 4. Survey data
5. Map or plan of town or city and
6. Acquisition of land & compensations

10. Components of water supply scheme
Water Source Intake Structure Pumping Unit
Rising/ falling
main
Treatment
Units
ESR
Distribution
System

11. layout of water supply scheme
Source Intake Well Jack Well Aeration
Clarifier
Sand
filter
Disinfection
Distribution
Storage
Tank
ESR

12. Design period
• Future estimated period of number of years for which
provision is made in designing the capacities of various
components/units of water supply scheme is called as
design period.
DESIGN PERIOD FOR VARIOS COMPONENTS OF WTP
Sr.
No
Components Suggested design
Period
1. Dam, Weir, Intake Structure, Reservoir,
penstock pipe
30 – 35 Years
2. Treatment units- aerator, clarifier, filter 20 – 30 Years
3. Distribution System
a) Pipe less than 300 mm Dia. 30 Years
b) Pipe More than 300 mm Dia. 20 – 25 Years

13. • Quality of water:
• Water quality is determined by physical, chemical and
microbiological properties of water. Also called as
characteristics of water or examination of water
• Physical Characteristics of Water
• Physical characteristics of water (temperature, colour,
taste, odour and turbidity etc.) are determined by
senses of touch, sight, smell and taste. For example
temperature by touch, colour, floating debris, turbidity
and suspended solids by sight, and taste and odour by
smell

14. • Chemical Characteristics of Water
• The chemical characteristics of natural water are a
reflection of the soils and rocks with which the water
has been in contact.
• In addition, agricultural and urban runoff and municipal
and industrial treated wastewater impact the water
quality.
• Microbial and chemical transformations also affect the
chemical characteristics of water.
• Chemical characteristics includes; pH, Alkalinity,
hardness, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, Sulphates, heavy
metals, poisonous chemicals etc.

15. Sr. No Parameters HDL, Permissible
Limit
MPL , Maximum
Limit
1 Odor Agreeable Agreeable
2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable
3 pH 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation
4 TDS (mg/l) 500 2000
5 Hardness (as CaCO3) (mg/l) 200 600
6 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) (mg/l) 200 600
7 Nitrate (mg/l) 45 No relaxation
8 Sulfate (mg/l) 200 400
9 Fluoride (mg/l) 1 1.5
10 Chloride (mg/l) 250 1000
11 Turbidity (NTU) 1 5
12 Arsenic (mg/l) 0.01 0.05
13 Copper (mg/l) 0.05 1.5
14 Cadmium (mg/l) 0.003 No relaxation
15 Chromium (mg/l) 0.05 No relaxation
16 Lead (mg/l) 0.01 No relaxation
17 Iron (mg/l) 0.3 No relaxation
18 Zinc (mg/l) 5 15
19 Fecal Coliform (cfu) 0 0
Water Quality Parameters for Drinking Water as per BIS Standards (IS10500)

16. THANK YOU