1) The document discusses the fundamentals of quantum computing including qubits, quantum superposition, and entanglement. 2) It explores applications such as quantum cryptography, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. 3) While quantum computing promises significant advantages over classical computing in terms of speed and ability to solve complex problems, it faces challenges such as difficulty to build stable quantum systems and high costs.

1. QUANTUM
COMPUTING
HARSH K SATHEESH
S-7 EEE
ROLL NO:30
VAS19EE030

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION (1 - 2)
2. FUNDAMENTALS (3 - 7)
QUBIT
BIT VS QUBIT
QUANTUM PROPERTIES
QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION
QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
3. APPLICATIONS (8 - 10)
QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
DATA ANALYTICS
4. ADVANTAGES (11)
5. DISADVANTAGES (12)
6. CLASSICAL COMPUTING VS QUANTUM COMPUTING (13)
7. REFERENCE (14)

3. INTRODUCTION
QUANTUM
The word "quantum" in quantum computer, originates from quantum
mechanics, a basic theory in physics. In brief, on the scale of atoms and
molecules, matter behaves in a quantum manner.
QUANTUM COMPUTER
A quantum computer is a machine that performs calculations based on
the laws of quantum mechanics, which is the behaviour of particles at
the sub-atomic level.
A quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of
quantum physics to increase the computational power beyond what is
attainable by a traditional computer.
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4. Quantum computing is the area of study focused on
developing computer technology based on the principles
of quantum theory, which explains the nature and
behavior of energy and matter on the quantum (atomic
and subatomic) level
Quantum Computing is a technology, which promises to
overcome the drawbacks of conventional CMOS
technology for high density and high performance
applications.
Its potential to revolutionize today's computing world is
attracting more and more researchers towards this field.
.
QUANTUM COMPUTING
Fig-Google's Sycamore- Quantum
computer
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5. FUNDAMENTALS
QUBIT
In existing computers, all information is expressed in terms of Os and 1s,
and the entity that carries such information is called a "bit."
A bit can be in either a 0 or 1 state at any one moment in time.
A quantum computer, on the other hand, uses a "quantum bit" or "qubit"
instead of a bit.
A qubit also makes use of two states (0 and 1) to hold information, but in
contrast to a bit, In this state, a qubit can take on the properties of 0 and 1
simultaneously at any one moment.
Accordingly, two qubits in this state can express the four values of 00, 01,
10, and 11 all at one time.
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6. BIT VS QUBIT
4

7. QUANTUM PROPERTIES
Superposition- An state exists in all the possible configurations of the configuration
space.
Entanglement-There is a relationship among the features of the entangled elements.
Uncertainty principle-Every time a measure on the system is made, the system is
changed by that measure.
Tunnelling- Through tunnelling a electron or photon particle can travel or teleport
itself to any location in O time duration.
Decoherence- In a coherent state made up of several elements, all the quantum
features are live and the system appear as one quantum system. Decoherence gives
back individual identity to each system component.
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8. Quantum superposition is a fundamental
phenomenon of quantum mechanics where two or
more quantum states can be added together
“superposed,” and the result will be another valid
quantum state.
Superposition allows quantum objects to
simultaneously exist in more than one state or
location.
This means that an object can be in two states at one
time while remaining a single object. This allows us to
explore much richer sets of states.
QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION
6

9. Quantum entanglement is when two particles link
together in a certain way no matter how far apart
they are in space. Their state remains the same.
Quantum entanglement is a bizarre,
counterintuitive phenomenon that explains how
two subatomic particles can be intimately linked
to each other even if separated by billions of
light-years of space.
Despite their vast separation, a change induced
in one will affect the other.
QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
7

10. APPLICATIONS
QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY
1.
Cryptography is the Process of encrypting data, or converting plain text into scrambled text
so that only someone who has the right “key” can read it
Quantum cryptography, by extension, simply uses the principles of quantum mechanics to
encrypt data and transmit it in a way that cannot be hacked.
Quantum cryptography uses individual particles of light, or photons, to transmit data over
fiber optic wire. The photons represent binary bits.
It is impossible to copy or view data encoded in a quantum state without alerting the sender
or receiver.
One of the best-known examples of quantum cryptography currently is quantum key
distribution (QKD), which provides a secure method for key exchange.
.
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11. WORKING-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY
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12. 2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a key and one of the best technologies of quantum
computing. The base of Al is on the concept of learning from experience. From
cars to medicine. Al will be what electricity was in the twentieth and twenty-
first centuries.
3.DATA ANALYTICS
Quantum computing has the ability to solve problems on impressive scales.
With the introduction of a topological quantum computer, one can do simple
calculations. Hence, making the process that much easier.
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13. ADVANTAGES
Information storage pattern - Flexibility on storage
Speed - performs multiple tasks simultaneously
Security - provides unbreakable security features
Power efficient - Reduces power consumption by 100 or 1000 times because
of quantum tunneling
AI - Making exponentially fast connections for machine learning operations
Problem solving - Can solve unsolvable problems in within a very short span of
time.
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14. DISADVANTAGES
Difficult to build - Quantum computers need stability because of atoms, any
interference will cause the computer to be disrupted.
Temperature - Need to be in a cold environment(-460 degrees fahrenheit)
Sensitive - Quantum computers are sensitive
Expensive - Extremely expensive and stiil in infancy
Not a lot of information known about the subject
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15. CLASSICAL COMPUTING VS QUANTUM COMPUTING
13

16. REFERENCE
[2] D. P. DiVincenzo, “Quantum computation,” Science, vol. 270, no.
5234, pp. 255–261, 1995.
[4] M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and
Quantum Information. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000.
[7] V. Kasirajan, Fundamentals of Quantum Computing. Berlin,
Germany: Springer, 2021.
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17. THANK YOU
"QUANTUM COMPUTING'S
GONNA CHANGE THE
FUTURE"